Physiology Commons^™

Evaluation Of The Effectiveness Of Rotc Army Cadet Exercise Training For The Army Combat Fitness Test, Simone A. Cannon, Jake A. Mintz, Brandon Roberts, Kelsey Rushing, Gregor W. Jenkins, Gordon Fisher, Eric P. Plaisance, Cody E. Morris

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 17(4): 172-182, 2024. The Army Combat Fitness Test (ACFT) is used to evaluate the fitness level of potential Cadets for military readiness. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the exercise training program implemented by an Army Reserve Officers’ Training Corps (ROTC) program to gauge the performance metrics of the ACFT. METHODS: Twenty-six student Cadets of the ROTC at the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) program participated in the study. Over an 8-month period, the ROTC Cadets trained on campus three days per week. Training was performed in a circuit …

Physical Fitness Responses After Sixteen Weeks Of Three Fitness Program Trainings In Untrained Subjects, Habil Hamdouni, Brian Kliszczewicz, Hassane Zouhal, Abderraouf Ben Abderrahman

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 17(4): 54 - 72, 2024. The remarkable popularity of fitness trends like high intensity functional training (HIFT), choreographed high intensity classes (CHIC) and resistance (RT) trainings raises the question on their effect on cardio-respiratory, lactate removal rate, endurance and body composition responses. The purpose of this study was to assess and compare these effects. Ninety-five participants were randomly assigned into 16 weeks of these trainings, five sessions/week. Anthropometric and fitness tests were carried out before training (PRE), after eight (8W) and sixteen weeks (16W). Body composition measures demonstrated significant decrease in body fat percentage ( …

The Impact Of Gloves And Occupational Tasks On Handgrip Strength In Structural Firefighters, Sarah N. Lanham, Emily L. Langford, Haresh Rochani, Bridget F. Melton, Stephen J. Rossi, Mark Abel

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 16(4): 1087-1102, 2023. Adequate handgrip strength (HGS) is important to safely perform fireground tasks. However, there is limited research describing the deleterious impact of glove use and fatigue from occupational tasks on HGS. Therefore, the aims of this investigation were to quantify the impact of glove use and occupational tasks on HGS, to explore the relationship between HGS versus the glove and task-induced decrement in HGS, and to evaluate the relationship between HGS and decrement in HGS versus occupational performance. Fourteen (Male: n = 13) career structural firefighters (Age: 35.5 ± 7.2 yr) performed a …

Physical Profile Of Air Force Special Warfare Trainees, Kim A. Feeney, Bridget F. Melton, Helen W. Bland, Greg A. Ryan, Cody R. Butler

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 16(4): 924-931, 2023. Physical fitness testing in the military is commonly used to assess whether service members are physically capable of performing the diverse physical tasks that may be required for their job. Body composition can influence an individual’s ability to physically perform. This study aimed to analyze the general physical profile of U.S. Air Force (USAF) special warfare candidates by assessing body composition results and physical assessment scores collected over the past four years. Male candidates (n = 1036) were 18.2 years to 39.5 years of age (M = 23.5, SD = …

Influence Of Systematic Training On Morpho-Physiological And Motor Ability Profiles Of Indian Young Female Rowers, Kayakers And Canoers, Tamoghni Manna, Snehunsu Adhikari, Alak Kumar Syamal

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 16(6): 744-755, 2023. Our study was carried on junior female athletes (22 rowers, 11 kayakers and 7 canoers) adopting systemic training to explore the possible training manipulation that can be implicated in these three kinds of water sports, might be in a different way. Several morpho-physiological parameters and motor ability profiles were measured by standard methods. Accordingly, body weight (kg), performing time of 2.4 km run (sec), 6×10 meters shuttle run/agility (sec) of female rowers were reduced progressively and significantly from Preparatory Period (PP1) to General Practice Period (GPP) i.e., from (59.41±4.84) to (52.23±5.34), (773.04±92.64) …

The Heart Rates And Movement Speed Of Specialist Tactical Police During A Multistorey Active Shooter Training Scenario, Jeremy Robinson, Mihajlo Micovic, Ben Schram, Alexander Leroux, Robin Marc Orr

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 16(4): 281-292, 2023. Specialist police tactical groups (PTGs) are involved in situations that extend beyond the capability of general duties police and can include responding to active shooter incidents. Due to the nature of their tasks, these officers typically carry and wear additional equipment which can impart an increased physical cost, for which the officers must be prepared. The aim of this study was to examine the heart rate responses and movement speeds of specialist PTG officers during a multistorey active shooter scenario. Eight PTG officers completed an active shooter scenario within a multistorey office …

Implementation Of High Intensity Interval Training And Autoregulatory Progressive Resistance Exercise In A Law Enforcement Training Academy, Gabriel J. Martinez, Xin Ma, Stuart A. Best, Benjamin F. Johnson, Mark Abel

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 15(4): 1246-1261, 2022. The purpose of this investigation was to assess the feasibility and efficacy of implementing autoregulatory progressive resistance exercise (APRE) and high intensity interval training (HIIT) methodologies to improve physical fitness and occupational physical ability in police cadets. Two law enforcement academy classes were stratified into a standard care academy training cohort (SC; n=32, m=27, f=5) and a high performance cohort (HP; n=31; m=27, f=4) that utilized APRE and HIIT methodologies during a 17-week academy training program. Demographic, internal loading parameters, anthropometric, fitness outcomes (i.e., 1.5-mile run, 1-repetition maximum bench press, sit-up repetitions, …

Using Personality And Temperament To Predict Exercise Behavior: A Pilot Study Of The Braverman Nature Assessment, Ben M. Rosicky, Eric E. Hall

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 15(5): 341-357, 2022. The Braverman Nature Assessment (BNA) is intended to determine the dominant monoamine neurochemical that drives an individual’s temperament and behavior. The measure has been colloquially praised for the ability to determine the most effective exercise protocols for an individual based on their “dominant nature.” This study seeks to examine the proposed relationship between the Braverman Natures and exercise behavior. Seventy-three adults (57 females) between ages 18-65 (mean = 26 years) completed an online survey consisting of the BNA, Big Five Personality Inventory (BFI), and Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study Physical Activity Questionnaire (ACLSPAQ). …

Analysis Of Total And Segmental Body Composition Relative To Fitness Performance Measures In Law Enforcement Recruits, Kyle S. Collins, Bryan Christensen, Robin Marc Orr, Joe Dulla, J. Jay Dawes, Robert G. Lockie

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 15(4): 245-260, 2022. Law enforcement agencies often test the fitness performance and body composition of incoming recruits. This study investigated the relationships between whole and segmental body composition, and fitness tests in law enforcement recruits. A retrospective analysis of 72 male and 11 female recruits was performed. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) variables were: lean mass (LM), upper-extremity lean mass (UELM), trunk LM, lower-extremity lean mass (LELM), fat mass (FM), upper-extremity fat mass (UEFM), trunk FM, and lower-extremity fat mass (LEFM). Fitness tests included: vertical jump (VJ), peak anaerobic power (PAPw), 75-yard pursuit run (75PR), push-ups, …

Impact Of Social Support On The Physical Activity Behaviors Of International College Students In The United States, Mohammed A. Alshehri, Aaron Kruse-Diehr, Justin Tyler Mcdaniel, Julie Partridge, Dawn Christina Null

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 14(5): 1305-1319, 2021. Research has suggested that international students’ transition to the United States is often correlated with less physical activity after arriving in the U.S). One reason might be related to reduced social support when living in a foreign environment. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to assess the impact of social support on international college students’ physical activity behaviors. Participants (N = 318) from five public universities in one Midwest state completed an electronic survey assessing self-reported physical activity behaviors and perceived social support for exercise (SSE). Data analyses included multiple …

Ice Hockey Goaltender Physiology Profile And Physical Testing: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Viviane Marcotte-L'Heureux, Jérémie Charron, Robert Panenic, Alain Steve Comtois

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 14(6): 855-875, 2021. This review aims to 1) be the first systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature examining the physiology and assessment of goaltenders, and 2) present a physiological profile of ice-hockey goaltenders. It will 1) highlight physiological differences between goaltenders and players at other positions, 2) determine strengths and weaknesses of ice hockey goaltenders, and 3) offer possible guidelines for strength and conditioning coaches. Six electronic databases were systematically searched in October 2019 using the PRISMA model. A total of twelve scientific articles published in peer-reviewed journals were included. Professional male (PM) goaltenders …

Gme: Gym In Medical Education-Maintaining Physical And Mental Well Being During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Brian J. Nguyen, Elana A. Meer, Joyce E. Nguyen

Journal of Wellness

No abstract provided.

The Impact Of Formal Strength And Conditioning On The Fitness Of Law Enforcement Recruits: A Retrospective Cohort Study, Robert G. Lockie, J. Jay Dawes, Nicholas Maclean, Rodney Pope, Ryan J. Holmes, Charles Kornhauser, Robin Marc Orr

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 13(4): 1615-1629, 2020. Research involving law enforcement populations has suggested better fitness could enhance job task performance and reduce injuries. Academy training should lead to improvements in recruit fitness. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of a strength and conditioning program on fitness among law enforcement recruits. Twenty-six recruits (23 males, three females) completed a 27-week academy, which incorporated 3-4 physical training sessions per week. Fitness assessment occurred during pre- (week 0), mid- (week 14), and post-testing (week 27) time points. The fitness assessments included: vertical jump, one-minute push-ups, one-minute sit-ups, …

Not All Hift Classes Are Created Equal: Evaluating Energy Expenditure And Relative Intensity Of A High-Intensity Functional Training Regimen, Jonathan D. Browne, Robert Carter, Anthony Robinson, Brigette Waldrup, Geoffrey Zhang, Erik Carrillo, Minhsang Dinh, Michael T. Arnold, Jonathan Hu, Eric V. Neufeld, Brett A. Dolezal

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 13(4): 1206-1216, 2020. The demand for efficient and effective exercises has grown in concert with increased attention to fitness as a determinant of overall health. While past studies have examined the benefits traditional conditioning exercises, there have been few investigations of high intensity functional training (HIFT). The aim of this study was to measure the energy expenditure and relative intensity from participation in a signature, 35-minute group-based HIFT regimen. During the HIFT session, 13 volunteers (aged 23-59 years, 6 females) donned a portable breath-by-breath gas analyzer and a heart rate monitor. Mean caloric expenditure (528 …

Determining Perceptions To Electronically-Delivered, Personally-Adaptive, Multimedia Exercise Prompts For Middle-Age Adults, Paula-Marie M. Ferrara, Ethan T. Schaltegger, Cory Beaumont, Kelley Strohacker

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 13(5): 979-995, 2020. Due to high interaction rates, smart devices are being utilized for mobile health (mHealth) interventions. Multimedia capabilities may be leveraged to improve mHealth exercise interventions. Our purpose was to explore individuals’ perceptions of multimedia exercise prompts tailored to their immediate mental/physical states. Using electronic surveys, respondents provided in-the-moment ratings of emotional state, energy, fatigue, physical discomfort, and thirst, with higher scores reflecting a higher “readiness to exercise” (i.e., if a person is currently in a pleasant mood with high energy and low discomfort, he/she is likely to have a greater capacity for …

Acute Physiologic Effects Of Performing Yoga In The Heat On Energy Expenditure, Range Of Motion, And Inflammatory Biomarkers, Bradley Lambert, Katherine Miller, Domenica Delgado, Kalyan Chaliki, Joshua Lee, Guillermo Bauza, Francesca Taraballi, David Dong, Ennio Tasciotti, Joshua Harris, Patrick Mcculloch

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 13(3): 802-817, 2020. Performing yoga in a heated environment (HY) is a popular exercise mode purported to improve range of motion (ROM), body composition, and aerobic fitness. The purpose of this investigation was to compare a session of HY to room temperature yoga (RTY) with regards to ROM, oxygen consumption, caloric expenditure, and biomarkers of acute stress and inflammation. Sixteen experienced yoga practitioners (F14, M2; 40 ± 11yr; 22.6 ± 1.8 kg/m²) completed a 1-hour standardized Bikram sequence in HY (105⁰F, 40⁰C) and RTY (74⁰F, 23.3⁰C) conditions (order of conditions randomized, humidity standardized …

Effects Of Synchronous And Asynchronous Music During High Intensity Training On Obesity And Metabolic Health In Singapore Women, Dd Salle, Ms Aman, Mn Hashim, Fy Loo, T Tran

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 12(5): 1254-1264, 2019. Evidence suggests that high intensity exercise aided by musicrenders positive results in health related fitness components. However, less is known about the influence synchronous and asynchronous music may have on outcomes in overweight and obese women.A twelve-week, randomized-controlled trial was conducted using premenopausal overweight/obese (BMI > 24.9 kg/m²) adult Singapore women (n = 92) divided into three groups (exercise with synchronous, asynchronous, and no music, respectively). Pre-post clinical examinations, anthropometric, and fitness evaluations were conducted. Statistical analyses revealed that physical activity was effective in all groups with music or non-music. Body …

The Relationship Between Lower-Body Strength And Power, And Load Carriage Tasks: A Critical Review, Robin Marc Orr, J. Jay Dawes, Robert G. Lockie, Daniel Godeassi

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 12(6): 1001-1022, 2019. The purpose of this review was to critically appraise articles that have investigated the association between lower-body strength and power during load carriage in tactical personnel. Literature databases were searched with specific search terms, yielding 921 articles. Additional studies found from article reference lists were also assessed for eligibility. Out of these articles, 16 met the inclusion/exclusion criteria and were critically appraised. Articles were assessed by the Downs and Black evaluation tool with inter-rater agreement determined by Cohen’s kappa and final results graded according to the Kennelly quality grading system. Of the …

Breathing Limited Air Situational Training Masks (Blastmask) Versus Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (Scba) For Firefighters: A Pilot Study, Thomas Andre, Silvio Valladao, Shana Walsh, Derek Reisbeck

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 12(6): 941-949, 2019. Despite maintaining high levels of fitness, firefighters’ performance may be negatively impacted by the use of a Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA), an essential piece of safety equipment worn during structural firefighting. Routine training with SCBAs can be cost-prohibitive and inefficient. The Breathing Limited Air Situational Training Mask (BlastMask) was developed as a training aid used to simulate the SCBA. The purpose of this study was to examine physiological and perceptual responses elicited by firefighters during steady state exercise when using the BlastMask compared to the SCBA. Current staff male firefighters (n …

Reliability Of The Polar T31 Uncoded Heart Rate Monitor In Free Motion And Treadmill Activities, Jeffrey Montes, James W. Navalta

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 12(4): 69-76, 2019. The Polar T31 uncoded heart rate monitor (T31) is currently accepted as a precision measurement device that can be used in lieu of electrocardiography. However, minimal literature exists to verify reliability when used for this purpose. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the reliability of heart rate (HR) measurements obtained from the T31. Forty volunteers participated in a three-day test-retest protocol. Participants gave anthropometric data on the first day. On the second day, they performed two 5-minute self-paced free motion walks (FMW) and two 5-minute self-paced free motion jogs (FMJ). …

Intraindividual Variability And Validity In Smart Apparel Muscle Activity Measurements During Exercise In Men, Jonathan Aquino, Jenevieve L. Roper

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 11(7): 516-525, 2018. The purpose of the study was to compare smart apparel (SA) muscle activity measurements to surface electromyography (sEMG) muscle activity measurements during exercise, and determine if any systematic bias of the apparel exists. Thirty-five male participants (Ages 23.1±2.92 yrs, height 178±0.09 cm, mass 81.14±10.59 kg, body fat percentage 15.4±4.79%) provided informed consent for participation. During two separate exercise sessions, participants performed three sets of 12 bodyweight squats and pushups in both SA and sEMG. Conditions (sEMG or SA) were randomly counterbalanced. During sEMG, sensors were placed at selected anatomical locations on the …

A Cross-Training Program Does Not Alter Self-Reported Physical Activity Levels In Elementary School Children, Melody L. White, Matthew S. Renfrow, Richard S. Farley, Dana K. Fuller, Brandi M. Eveland-Sayers, Jennifer L. Caputo

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 11(5): 308-318, 2018. The purpose of the study was to examine the effects of a school-based cross-training program on body mass index (BMI), attitudes toward physical activity (ATPA), and physical activity (PA) levels of children in the 4^th and 5^th grades. Children (N = 118) were divided into control (n = 60) and experimental (n = 58) groups based on class availability. While the control group continued academic classes as usual, the experimental group participated in cross-training involving resistance training (RT), calisthenics, and stretching twice a week for 10 weeks. …

Adolescents And Self-Reported Physical Activity: An Evaluation Of The Modified Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire, Jacqueline Zelener, Margaret Schneider

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 9(5): 587-598, 2016. The Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire assesses self-reported physical activity (PA) among adults, and was later modified for children. However, the modified version (Godin-Child Questionnaire) has not been validated among adolescents. This study evaluates the construct validity and test-retest reliability of the Godin-Child Questionnaire among adolescents. The study participants, sixth graders (age M= 11.06 ± 0.436; 48% males, 48% Latino), were assessed at 2 time points (fall and spring: N= 139). First, the study determined whether adolescents accurately reported exercise intensity based on adolescents' ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) during moderate- and hard-intensity …

Workforce Fitness: Description, Contextual Issues, And Implications For Public Health, Nicolaas P. Pronk

Frontiers in Public Health Services and Systems Research

Workforce fitness matters for the prevention of premature death, chronic diseases, productivity loss, excess medical care costs, loss of income or family earnings, and other social and economic concerns. Yet fitness levels appear to be relatively low and declining. Over the past half century obesity has doubled, physical activity levels are below par, and cardiorespiratory fitness often does not meet minimally acceptable job standards. During this time, daily occupational energy expenditure has decreased by more than 100 calories. It is recommended for employers to consider best practices and design workplace wellness programs accordingly. Regulations that protect and promote worker health, …

The Relationships Between Fitness Assessments, Fitness Levels And Coronary Heart Disease Risk Markers In Police Officers, Kelsey Mclaughlin, Lauren Garcia, Bethany Noack, Jorge Granados, Dustin Joubert, John S. Green Facsm, Steve E. Martin, Stephen F. Crouse

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Given the physical nature of a position in law enforcement, the assessment of cardiovascular (CV) health as well as muscular strength and endurance is paramount to ensuring the safety of these personnel and the citizens they serve. The present study retrospectively examined correlations between several markers of CV and muscular fitness for 65 local police officers (8 female, average age 35.6 ± 9.0 yrs, height 70.5 ± 2.8 in, weight 91.8 ± 18.7 kg, VO₂ 33.0 ± 5.3 mL/kg/min) taken from their annual screening including a graded exercise test (GXT; Bruce protocol), pushups completed in 1 minute, situps completed …

Gender And Stress Related Effects On Cardiovascular Health Outcomes, Michael A. Cedeno, Jennifer Blevins-Mcnaughton

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Title[j1] : Gender and stress related effects on cardiovascular health outcomes

Authors: Michael Cedeño – Master’s, (Tarleton State University), Jennifer Blevins-McNaughton (Tarleton State University)

Background and Purpose: To date, only a few investigators have compared the effect that stress may have on health and metabolic outcomes in college age adults. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which gender may play a role in self-reported stress and cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes in college age students.

Methods: Thirty-eight (N = 38) adults ages 18 to 28 participated in …

Body Composition, Physical Activity And Fitness In Children With Moderate-To-Severe Intellectual Disability, Sigurbjorn A. Arngrimsson, Ingi T. Einarsson

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Introduction: The prevalence of overweight and obesity has been rising in most parts of the world over the past two decades (1, 2). This rise could pose even a greater problem for people with intellectual disability (ID) because they are more likely to be obese than people without ID (3). Furthermore, research has shown that a sedentary lifestyle is more prevalent among people with ID than otherwise healthy people in modern society (4). In the general population, the adverse effects of obesity on health begin early in life and physical inactivity and adiposity are associated with metabolic diseases and cancers …

Association Of Aerobic Fitness And Metabolic Syndrome In Male Firefighters, Christina Durcan, Jennifer M. Markos

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Association of Aerobic Fitness and Metabolic Syndrome in Male Firefighters. Durcan, C.M.*, S.E. Martin‡, B.S. Lambert†, N.P. Greene†, J.M. Markos†, A.F. Carbuhn†, J.S. Green‡, FACSM and S.F. Crouse‡, FACSM. Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX. Metabolic syndrome has been shown in numerous studies to be related to a higher incidence of coronary artery disease. A study by R. Jurca et.al., in Med. Sci. Sports Exerc 36(38), found a relationship between aerobic fitness and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in a group of men enrolled in the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study. Information on this relationship in …