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Full-Text Articles in Physiology
The Effects Of Increasing Fat Intake On Body Composition And Blood Monocytes In Cd-1 Mice, Kelley Strohacker, Whitney L. Breslin, Katie C. Carpenter, Nadia Agha, Thomas W. Lowder, Brian K. Mcfarlin
The Effects Of Increasing Fat Intake On Body Composition And Blood Monocytes In Cd-1 Mice, Kelley Strohacker, Whitney L. Breslin, Katie C. Carpenter, Nadia Agha, Thomas W. Lowder, Brian K. Mcfarlin
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
Purpose Obesity is a chronic, inflammatory state. Blood monocyte concentrations/proportions have been previously used to assess immune inflammatory status in humans. Although mouse monocytes exist in three subsets, shifts among these cells types have not been documented during a period of diet-induced weight gain. Thus, our purpose was to determine longitudinal changes in mouse monocyte subsets during 12 weeks of low, moderate or high-fat feeding. Methods: 40 CD-1 mice were randomly divided into 4 groups (N=10 per group): stock control (13.5% fat, CN), 30% fat (F30), 45% fat (F45) and 60% fat (F60). Non-lethal, saphenous vein blood samples (~70 μL) …
Mixed High-Fat And Stock Diet Caused A Greater Increase In Body Mass Than High-Fat Diet Alone, Katie C. Carpenter, Tiffany Davidson, Brian K. Mcfarlin
Mixed High-Fat And Stock Diet Caused A Greater Increase In Body Mass Than High-Fat Diet Alone, Katie C. Carpenter, Tiffany Davidson, Brian K. Mcfarlin
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
Increased dietary palatability may lead to excess food consumption which in turn causes an excess of caloric intake and weight gain. Although most obesity studies in rodents utilize a high-fat diet, food variation, a combination of different diets for example, may actually increase body weight and fat mass beyond that of solely high-fat feeding. Purpose: To examine the changes in weight gain and body composition in mice that consume either a high-fat diet or a combination of high-fat and stock diet. Methods: 10 CD-1 male mice were randomly assigned to one of two groups based on dietary composition (N=5/group). HF …
Delayed Wound Healing: Can Exercise Accelerate It?, K Todd Keylock, Hilary Young
Delayed Wound Healing: Can Exercise Accelerate It?, K Todd Keylock, Hilary Young
International Journal of Exercise Science
Poorly healing wounds affect millions around the world, yet preventive methods and low-cost, effective treatments are few. Wounds heal quickly through well-coordinated phases in those who are healthy and active but can become chronically nonhealing as a result of disease and inactivity. Recently it has been reported that moderate aerobic exercise accelerated healing rates in the aged. High levels of inflammation are known to delay wound healing, and aging and disease are associated with chronically increased inflammation. Therefore, exercise may help speed healing by reducing inflammation to healthier levels not only in the aged, but also in other populations with …
A Rapid, Flow Cytometry-Based Assay For The Determination Of Natural Killer Cell Activity In Isolated Periphery Blood Mononuclear Cells, Emily C.P. Lavoy, Brian K. Mcfarlin
A Rapid, Flow Cytometry-Based Assay For The Determination Of Natural Killer Cell Activity In Isolated Periphery Blood Mononuclear Cells, Emily C.P. Lavoy, Brian K. Mcfarlin
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
Natural killer cell activity (NKCA) is an important assessment of innate immunity in humans. Natural killer (NK) cells are known to be affected by exercise; therefore it is of interest to have an efficient method for measuring NKCA in pre- and post-exercise blood samples. Assays for NKCA include incubating human NK cells (effector cells) with stained target cells. The target cells are typically from the human leukemia cell line K562. The number of K562 target cells killed can be determined using a dead cell dye. Control target cells incubated alone provide a measure of spontaneous cell death. PURPOSE: The purpose …
No Impact Of Cmv Or Ebv Seropositivity On The Frequency Of Highly Differentiated T-Cells In Mexican-American Adolescents, Guillaume Spielmann, Craig A. Johnston, Richard J. Simpson, Brian K. Mcfarlin, John P. Foreyt
No Impact Of Cmv Or Ebv Seropositivity On The Frequency Of Highly Differentiated T-Cells In Mexican-American Adolescents, Guillaume Spielmann, Craig A. Johnston, Richard J. Simpson, Brian K. Mcfarlin, John P. Foreyt
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
Recurring activations of the prevalent latent herpes viruses Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) induces immune cell division leading to the premature terminal differentiation of T-cells. Terminally differentiated T-cells are known to accumulate with age causing a reduction in the naïve T-cell repertoire, which compromises the ability of the adaptive immune system to respond to novel pathogens. Although CMV and EBV seropositivity are hallmarks of the “immune risk profile” and are known to influence the frequency of terminally differentiated T-cells and increase infection risk in adults, it is not known if CMV or EBV impacts on the frequency of these …
The Effects Of Exercise And A Low-Fat Diet On Monocyte Tlr Expression And Disease Risk In Mice, Katie C. Carpenter, Kelley Strohacker, Whitney Breslin, Nadia Agha, Thomas W. Lowder, Richard J. Simpson, Brian K. Mcfarlin
The Effects Of Exercise And A Low-Fat Diet On Monocyte Tlr Expression And Disease Risk In Mice, Katie C. Carpenter, Kelley Strohacker, Whitney Breslin, Nadia Agha, Thomas W. Lowder, Richard J. Simpson, Brian K. Mcfarlin
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
Excess adiposity increases systemic inflammation, which is implicated in various diseases. Physical activity is a common treatment to reverse weight gain and increased disease risk; however, little evidence is available to determine if forced or voluntary exercise is more effective in mice. Such information has implications for the refinement of human exercise interventions. PURPOSE: To determine if 8-weeks of exercise combined with low-fat feeding reverses changes in disease risk, monocyte concentration and monocyte TLR2/TLR4 expression. METHODS: For 12-months, 24 CD-1 mice underwent pre-treatment, consuming either a low-fat (10% kcal from fat, N=6) or high-fat (60% kcal from fat, N=18) diet …
Cell-Surface Receptor Expression On Monocytes Of Young And Old Mice, Kelley Strohacker, Whitney L. Breslin, Brian K. Mcfarlin
Cell-Surface Receptor Expression On Monocytes Of Young And Old Mice, Kelley Strohacker, Whitney L. Breslin, Brian K. Mcfarlin
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
Background. Monocyte assessment is used in aging research. In humans, reduced expression of toll-like receptors, T-lymphocyte priming receptors and increases in intracellular adhesion molecules on monocytes have been associated with functional decrements, resulting in increased disease risk. While use of mouse models is extensive in aging research, mouse monocyte assessment is rare. We aimed to evaluate differences in cell-surface protein expression in classic (CD115+/Gr-1high) and non-classic (CD115+/Gr-1low) monocyte subsets of old and young mice. Methods. Venous blood was drawn from 18 old (80-wks) and 18 young CD-1 mice (15-20-wks). Flow cytometry was used to assess subpopulations of CD115+ monocytes for …
Exercise As A Prevention And Countermeasure To Diet-Induced Weight Gain, Whitney L. Breslin, Kelley Strohacker, Nadia Agha, Katie C. Carpenter, Thomas W. Lowder, Brian K. Mcfarlin
Exercise As A Prevention And Countermeasure To Diet-Induced Weight Gain, Whitney L. Breslin, Kelley Strohacker, Nadia Agha, Katie C. Carpenter, Thomas W. Lowder, Brian K. Mcfarlin
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of treadmill running at attenuating weight gain and immune dysfunction prior to or during a period of high-fat feeding in outbred CD-1 male mice. Mice were divided into four groups (N=10 mice/group): 4-weeks of treadmill running followed by 4-weeks sedentary (EX-SED), 4-weeks sedentary followed by 4 weeks of treadmill running (SEDEX), 8 weeks of treadmill running (EX), and 8 weeks sedentary (SED). After the first four weeks of the study, all groups began consumption of a high-fat diet to elicit a weight gain response. In order to track immune dysfunction, …
The Impact Of Latent Herpesvirus Infections On The Mobilization Of Recent Thymic Emigrants And Extrathymic T-Cells In Response To Acute Aerobic Exercise In Man, Jerrald L. Rector, Guillaume Spielmann, Austin J. Bigley, Richard J. Simpson
The Impact Of Latent Herpesvirus Infections On The Mobilization Of Recent Thymic Emigrants And Extrathymic T-Cells In Response To Acute Aerobic Exercise In Man, Jerrald L. Rector, Guillaume Spielmann, Austin J. Bigley, Richard J. Simpson
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
T-cells typically mature in the thymus gland, which eventually succumbs to age-related atrophy, resulting in a decreased naïve T-cell repertoire in middle to later years. Aged individuals and those with persistently reactivating herpesvirus infections have an increased reliance on the extrathymic maturation of T-cells due to the shrinking effects that age and latent viral infection has on the naïve T-cell repertoire. Acute bouts of aerobic exercise are known to mobilize T-cells that exhibit both a naïve and late-stage differentiation phenotype into the blood compartment; however, it is not known if recent thymic emigrants (RTE) or extrathymic T-cells contribute to the …
The Impact Of Latent Cmv Infection On Nk-Cell Mobilization And Expression Of Klrg1 And Cd57 In Response To Acute Exercise., Austin B. Bigley, Guillaume Spielmann, Jerrald L. Rector, Richard J. Simpson
The Impact Of Latent Cmv Infection On Nk-Cell Mobilization And Expression Of Klrg1 And Cd57 In Response To Acute Exercise., Austin B. Bigley, Guillaume Spielmann, Jerrald L. Rector, Richard J. Simpson
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
Natural killer (NK) cells are cytotoxic effectors of the innate immune system that are able to distinguish healthy autologous cells from tumors and virally infected cells. NK-cells kill the targeted cells by releasing cytotoxic proteins, a process that is governed by inhibitory surface receptors, such as KLRG1. Additionally, activated NK-cells are able to proliferate in response to immunological stimuli, a process that is inhibited in NK-cells expressing the senescence marker CD57. Acute bouts of exercise are known to mobilize NK cells into the blood compartment, which could alter immunity; however, whether or not exercise alters NK-cell KLRG1 and CD57 expression …
Serum Il-6 Is Increased During Performance Cycling After Energy Drink Consumption, Jonathan Woodson, Melody Phillips, Jacob Ross, Kelyn Rola, Kenneth Christensen
Serum Il-6 Is Increased During Performance Cycling After Energy Drink Consumption, Jonathan Woodson, Melody Phillips, Jacob Ross, Kelyn Rola, Kenneth Christensen
International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings
Energy Drinks (ED) have become popular preexercise supplements due to the stimulant effects of their ingredients such as caffeine. Other ingredients including carbohydrate (CHO), glucuronolactone and taurine may also contribute to performance enhancement. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of energy drink consumption on cycling performance, substrate oxidation and immune-related variables. Methods: This study was a blinded, randomized, cross-over design with 3 experimental conditions. Eleven trained male cyclists (mean age 33.4±8.9 yr, body mass 81±7.6 kg, VO2max 51.72±3.4 ml*kg-1*min-1) consumed 3 different 500 ml beverages: 1) Energy Drink (ED1- 2.0g taurine, 1.2 g glucoronolactone, 160 …