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Pharmacology, Toxicology and Environmental Health Commons™
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- Malawi (4)
- Sanitation (2)
- Agent-based modelling (1)
- Behavior change (1)
- Cholera (1)
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- Concrete (1)
- Design (1)
- Developing countries (1)
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- Fecal sludge management (1)
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- Food safety (1)
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- Pit latrine (1)
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Articles 1 - 5 of 5
Full-Text Articles in Pharmacology, Toxicology and Environmental Health
Drinking Water Quality And Human Dimensions Of Cholera Patients To Inform Evidence-Based Prevention Investment In Karonga District, Malawi, Prince Kaponda, Suresh Muthukrishnan, Rory Barber, Rochelle H. Holm
Drinking Water Quality And Human Dimensions Of Cholera Patients To Inform Evidence-Based Prevention Investment In Karonga District, Malawi, Prince Kaponda, Suresh Muthukrishnan, Rory Barber, Rochelle H. Holm
Faculty Scholarship
Cholera remains a problem in sub-Saharan Africa, especially in Malawi. Our aim was to investigate drinking water source quality compared with water treatment, risk perception and cholera knowledge for patients who had reported to a health center for treatment in the 2017-2018 outbreak in Karonga District, Malawi. The study analyzed 120 drinking water samples linked to 236 cholera patients. Nearly 82% of the samples met the national criteria for thermotolerant coliforms of 50 cfu/100 ml, while 50% met the more stringent World Health Organization criteria of 0 cfu/100 ml. In terms of the human dimensions, 68% of survey respondents reported …
Food Safety Policies And Practices In Public Spaces: The Urban Water, Sanitation, And Hygiene Environment For Fresh Fish Sold From Individual Vendors In Mzuzu, Malawi, Jazimoni Lazaro, Fanuel Kapute, Rochelle H. Holm
Food Safety Policies And Practices In Public Spaces: The Urban Water, Sanitation, And Hygiene Environment For Fresh Fish Sold From Individual Vendors In Mzuzu, Malawi, Jazimoni Lazaro, Fanuel Kapute, Rochelle H. Holm
Faculty Scholarship
In sub-Saharan Africa, informal markets account for more than 80% of the total food selling. Fish is a major protein source for households in Malawi and is commonly purchased from individual vendors. The aim of this study was to review national acts and policies and local regulations focused on fresh fish sold at open-air markets or by mobile vendors and to further examine the water, sanitation, and hygiene environment that may impact food safety in Mzuzu City, Malawi. The study used interviews, an observational checklist, and sampling of water and fish skin. In general, there was limited oversight of food …
Do Rope And Washer Pumps Provide Safe Water And Satisfied Users? A Case Study Piloting New Rural Water Supply Technology In Rumphi District, Malawi, Jacob C. Mkandawire, Mavuto Tembo, Muthi Nhlema, Joel Luhanga, Rochelle H. Holm
Do Rope And Washer Pumps Provide Safe Water And Satisfied Users? A Case Study Piloting New Rural Water Supply Technology In Rumphi District, Malawi, Jacob C. Mkandawire, Mavuto Tembo, Muthi Nhlema, Joel Luhanga, Rochelle H. Holm
Faculty Scholarship
Innovation is needed to develop rural water supply to support sub-Saharan Africa communities that are hard to reach. The purpose of this study was to critically review rope and washer pumps that have been installed on manually drilled boreholes in 48 communities as part of a pilot project in Rumphi District, Malawi, and which serve as a sustainable source of drinking water from both technical (water quality and functionality) and social (user satisfaction) perspectives. At each water source, an infrastructure checklist was used (n = 48); 10 users were interviewed (n = 472); and, if the pump had water, water …
Agent-Based Modelling For Simulation-Based Design Of Sustainable Faecal Sludge Management Systems, Adrian Mallory, Martin Crapper, Rochelle H. Holm
Agent-Based Modelling For Simulation-Based Design Of Sustainable Faecal Sludge Management Systems, Adrian Mallory, Martin Crapper, Rochelle H. Holm
Faculty Scholarship
Re-using faecal sludge (FS) to generate value has the potential to contribute towards solving the issue of long term sanitation solutions in growing urban areas across sub-Saharan Africa; however, hitherto, no design tools have been available that are capable of simulating a system involving economic factors, complex social issues and environmental circumstances. We hypothesized that Agent-Based Modelling (ABM), when deployed with appropriate rigour, can provide such a tool. Extensive field work was carried out in a Malawian city, investigating the adoption of Skyloo above-ground composting toilets by households, and the operation of the municipal FS site. 65 semi-structured interviews and …
Can A Precast Pit Latrine Concrete Floor Withstand Emptying Operations? An Investigation From Malawi, Joshua Mchenga, Rochelle H. Holm
Can A Precast Pit Latrine Concrete Floor Withstand Emptying Operations? An Investigation From Malawi, Joshua Mchenga, Rochelle H. Holm
Faculty Scholarship
For fecal sludge from households in low- and middle-income countries to be treated offsite it needs to be removed, which can be greatly affected by the pit latrine floor design. However, it is unclear whether precast pit latrine concrete floors (latrine slabs) can withstand emptiers and their equipment. To investigate this issue, 28 prefabricated latrine slabs were purchased in two cities of Malawi. They were first visually evaluated, and then their compression strength was tested. Additionally, each seller was asked a series of questions to better understand their business, training, and construction practices. Results showed that households should perform due …