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- Diabetes (4)
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Articles 1 - 11 of 11
Full-Text Articles in Nutrition
Inhibition Of Clostridium Perfringens Growth During Extended Cooling Of Cooked Uncured Roast Turkey And Roast Beef Using A Concentrated Buffered Vinegar Product And A Buffered Vinegar Product, Andrew Mitchell Smith
Inhibition Of Clostridium Perfringens Growth During Extended Cooling Of Cooked Uncured Roast Turkey And Roast Beef Using A Concentrated Buffered Vinegar Product And A Buffered Vinegar Product, Andrew Mitchell Smith
Theses and Dissertations
This research evaluates the effectiveness of a concentrated, buffered vinegar product (CBV) and a simple buffered vinegar product (BV) for controlling Clostridium perfringens outgrowth during extended cooling times of ready-to-eat roast turkey and roast beef respectively. Whole turkey breasts and beef inside rounds were injected with a typical brine, then ground and mixed with CBV (0.0, 2.01, 2.70 and 3.30% wt/wt) or BV (0.0, 1.75, 2.25, and 3.75% wt/wt) and a three-strain C. perfringens spore cocktail to a detectable level of ca. 2-3 log CFU/g. The meat was divided into 10g portions and vacuum packaged and stored frozen until tested. …
Overexpression Of Hdac1 Induces Functional Β-Cell Mass, Carrie Draney
Overexpression Of Hdac1 Induces Functional Β-Cell Mass, Carrie Draney
Theses and Dissertations
Type 2 diabetes is a metabolic disorder that results in β-cell dysfunction and ultimate destruction, and leads to impaired glucose homeostasis. High rates of proliferation and differentiation of pancreatic β-cells occurs mostly during neonatal development. However, research shows these mechanisms remain intact as β-cell proliferation has been observed during pregnancy and obesity. We have shown that overexpression of the β-cell transcription factor Nkx6.1 is sufficient to induce β-cell proliferation. Exploration of the transcriptional targets of Nkx6.1 has identified histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) as a down-stream target of Nkx6.1. Here we demonstrate that HDAC1 overexpression is sufficient to induce β-cell proliferation, …
Comparing Steady State To Time Interval Measurements Of Resting Metabolic Rate, Chelsea Jayne Irving
Comparing Steady State To Time Interval Measurements Of Resting Metabolic Rate, Chelsea Jayne Irving
Theses and Dissertations
The two most common methods to measure resting metabolic rate using indirect calorimetry are steady state or time interval. Steady state is commonly defined as the first five minutes in which oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production vary by <10%. A time interval measurement generally lasts 20-60 minutes. Using steady state criteria is often harder to achieve, but many suggest it more accurately measures resting metabolic rate. Our objective was to determine if there were differences between steady state and time interval measurements in a healthy adult population.
Seventy seven subjects were measured for 45 minutes. Inclusion criteria included healthy subjects ages 18-65, excluding pregnant and lactating women. Paired t-tests analyzed differences between measures, and Bland-Altman plots evaluated bias, precision, and accuracy.
Of 77 subjects, 84% achieved steady state, and 95% achieved SS by minute 30. Most differences between steady state and time intervals were statistically but not practically …
Malnutrition And Handgrip Strength In Hospitalized And Non-Hospitalized Children 6-14 Years Old, Kayla Camille Jensen
Malnutrition And Handgrip Strength In Hospitalized And Non-Hospitalized Children 6-14 Years Old, Kayla Camille Jensen
Theses and Dissertations
Malnutrition is concerning in children because it effects proper growth and development. Handgrip Strength (HGS) has been identified as a diagnostic indicator for identifying pediatric malnutrition but normal reference ranges have not yet been established; therefore, HGS can be used to identify malnutrition but not quantify the degree of malnutrition: mild, moderate, or severe. The aim of this study was to determine if HGS differed between hospitalized and non-hospitalized children and to describe the association between HGS and several parameters including height, weight, body mass index (BMI), and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC). One hundred nine hospitalized and 110 non-hospitalized pediatric …
The Effect Of Monetary Reward And Food Type On Motivation Of Untrained Sensory Panelists In Triangle Tests, Jessilee Noel Loucks
The Effect Of Monetary Reward And Food Type On Motivation Of Untrained Sensory Panelists In Triangle Tests, Jessilee Noel Loucks
Theses and Dissertations
Although human panelists provide unparalleled data, they are prone to bias, which is a primary concern of sensory scientists. Motivational bias is of concern because it determines how much effort a panelist will exert to be consistent, find a difference, or use appropriate descriptors when taking a test. For central location tests, money has become a common motivational device to compensate panelists for their time and effort. Studies have documented that money can change results in sensory testing but have not measured the impact on motivation. Additionally, little research has been conducted on the effect of the test food itself …
Β-Cell Adaptation To Elevated Palmitate Concentrations (Hyperlipidemia), Daniel R. Lathen, Jeffery S. Tessem Ph.D.
Β-Cell Adaptation To Elevated Palmitate Concentrations (Hyperlipidemia), Daniel R. Lathen, Jeffery S. Tessem Ph.D.
Student Works
It is estimated that over 370 million people worldwide suffer from diabetes, and this number is increasing rapidly. Normally, β-cells in the pancreas secrete insulin, which is necessary for proper glucose absorption and storage. Both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes are characterized by decreased functional β-cell mass and insulin production, and increased circulating glucose and fatty acid levels. Diabetics’ pancreata maintain small amounts of functional β-cells, but these surviving cells are damaged and destroyed over time due to the harmful effects of hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. These β-cells must adapt to survive. Hence, diabetes is itself a selective process. We …
The Role Of Cdk5r1 In Β-¬Cell Survival From Apoptosis, Amanda Hobson, Jeffrey Tessem
The Role Of Cdk5r1 In Β-¬Cell Survival From Apoptosis, Amanda Hobson, Jeffrey Tessem
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes are classified as a decrease in functional ß-cell mass, which results in impaired blood glucose regulation. Functional ß-cell mass is defined as the glucose stimulated insulin secretion rate multiplied by the total cellular mass which is determined by the proliferation and cell death rates. Though ß-cell mass proliferation rates generally decrease by adolescence, obesity and pregnancy have been shown to be times of significant ß-cell proliferation (1). This implies that the inherent molecular pathways necessary for ß-cell proliferation are present, but highly regulated. Discovering the molecular pathway of ß-cell proliferation could lead to diabetes …
Determining If C-Fos Protects Β-Cells From Apoptosis, Kyle Kener, Jeffery Tessem
Determining If C-Fos Protects Β-Cells From Apoptosis, Kyle Kener, Jeffery Tessem
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Diabetes, a disease characterized by the inability of the body to maintain a normal blood glucose level, continues to affect the lives of many. In both Type I and Type II diabetes, eventual β-cell destruction results in decreased β-cell mass. Regeneration of functional β-cells and protection of such, could help reverse the effects of this disease and could possibly lead to a cure. Many studies have been done to increase functioning β-cell mass, but protecting regenerated β-cells from further apoptotic insults could greatly increase the effectiveness of β-cell transplants and other future treatments of the disease.
This Project Focused On The Effects Of Palmitate On Transcription Factors, Nr4a1 And Nr4a3. All Experiments Were Preformed On A Beta Cell Line. The First Experiment Was Done To Show If Palmitate Effected Proliferation Of Nr4a1 And Nr4a3 Knockout Cell Lines. This Experiment Was Preformed Adding .2 Mmol Palmitate To All Cells And Comparing Them To Untreated And Treated Unknocked Down Cell Lines. This Showed Exactly What Was Expected Which Was That Proliferation Was Decreased In Nr4a1 And Nr4a3 Knockdown Cell Lines., Jordan Tingey, Jeffery Tessem
Journal of Undergraduate Research
This project focused on the effects of palmitate on transcription factors, Nr4a1 and Nr4a3. All experiments were preformed on a beta cell line. The first experiment was done to show if palmitate effected proliferation of Nr4a1 and Nr4a3 knockout cell lines. This experiment was preformed adding .2 mmol palmitate to all cells and comparing them to untreated and treated unknocked down cell lines. This showed exactly what was expected which was that proliferation was decreased in Nr4a1 and Nr4a3 knockdown cell lines.
The Role Of Hdac1 In Increasing Β-Cell Glucose Stimulated Insulin Secretion And Apoptosis Resistance, Carrie Draney, Jeffery Tessem
The Role Of Hdac1 In Increasing Β-Cell Glucose Stimulated Insulin Secretion And Apoptosis Resistance, Carrie Draney, Jeffery Tessem
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Type 1 and type 2 diabetes affects more than 9% of the American population and the incidences of diabetes continue to increase at a startling rate. Both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes impede β- cell function (insulin secretion) by destroying β-cell mass. Increasing proliferation and function of β-cells could potentially be used as a cure for diabetes. Research has shown that the homeobox β-cell transcription factor Nkx6.1 induces β-cell proliferation. We have found that Nkx6.1 upregulates expression of HDAC1 and this project will allow us to further define the specific role of HDAC1 in increasing β-cell proliferation. We hypothesize …
Determining If C-Fos Regulates Glucose Stimulated Insulin, Benjamin Bitner, Jeffery Tessem
Determining If C-Fos Regulates Glucose Stimulated Insulin, Benjamin Bitner, Jeffery Tessem
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Increasing a patient’s functional β-cell mass may provide a cure for both types of diabetes. Previous studies have shown that overexpression of the homeodomain transcription factor Nkx6.1 stimulates β-cell proliferation, increases glucose stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) and decreases apoptosis1. Functional β-cell mass is defined by the number of β-cells, which is dependent on proliferation and apoptosis rates, multiplied by the ability to secrete insulin. Increasing β-cell proliferation or insulin secretion while decreasing apoptosis could be used as a treatment to produce β-cells for islet transplantation, a potential cure for diabetes.