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Articles 1 - 15 of 15
Full-Text Articles in Neuroscience and Neurobiology
Cortical Activation During Mobility In An Indoor Real-World Environment: A Mobile Eeg Study, Sam Marshall
Cortical Activation During Mobility In An Indoor Real-World Environment: A Mobile Eeg Study, Sam Marshall
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Human mobility requires neurocognitive inputs to safely navigate the environment. Previous research has examined neural processes that underly walking using mobile neuroimaging technologies, yet few studies have incorporated true real-world methods without a specific task imposed on participants (e.g., dual-task, motor demands). The present study utilized mobile electroencephalography to examine and compare theta, alpha, and beta frequency band power (μV2) in young adults during sitting and walking in laboratory and real-world environments. Our findings support that mobility and environment may modulate neural activity, as we observed increased brain activation for walking compared to sitting, and for real-world walking compared to …
Disentangling The Role Of Parvalbumin-Expressing Interneurons In Stimulus-Response Learning And Cognitive Flexibility, Harleen Rai
Disentangling The Role Of Parvalbumin-Expressing Interneurons In Stimulus-Response Learning And Cognitive Flexibility, Harleen Rai
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Habits enable animals to efficiently navigate their surroundings while tending to more cognitively demanding environmental factors. One mechanism underlying habit is known as stimulus-response (S-R) learning, which takes place in the dorsolateral striatum (DLS). However, there is limited knowledge regarding the complex striatal microcircuits involved in S-R learning and cognitive flexibility. Recently, attention has turned toward the GABAergic Parvalbumin-expressing (PV) interneurons that can modulate striatal outputs. Here, we utilized chemogenetic techniques and touchscreen cognitive assessments to analyze the influence of PV neurons on S-R learning in mice. When PV neurons were inhibited, during the acquisition of a S-R and cognitive …
Using Machine Learning To Identify Neural Mechanisms Underlying The Development Of Cognition In Children And Adolescents With Adhd, Brian Pho
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Childhood and adolescence are marked by improvements to cognition and by the emergence of neurodevelopmental disorders such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). What neural mechanisms are associated with cognitive development in ADHD? In this study, I applied machine learning models to functional connectivity profiles to identify patterns of network connectivity that predict various cognitive abilities in a group of participants ages 6 to 16 with ADHD. The models successfully predicted IQ, visual spatial, verbal comprehension, and fluid reasoning in children ages 6 to 11, but not adolescents. Furthermore, the models identified connections with the default mode, memory retrieval, and …
Examining The Relationships Between Socio-Cognitive Factors And Neural Synchrony During Movie Watching Across Development, Kathleen M. Lyons
Examining The Relationships Between Socio-Cognitive Factors And Neural Synchrony During Movie Watching Across Development, Kathleen M. Lyons
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
While different cognitive abilities mature, the conscious experiences of children likely become richer and more elaborate. A challenge in investigating relationships between cognitive development and real-world experiences is having measures that assess naturalistic processing. Movie watching offers a solution, since following the plot of a film requires cognitive processes that are similar to real-world experiences. When different adults watch the same film, their brain activity begins to align (known as neural synchrony). The strength of this alignment has been shown to reflect the degree to which different individuals are having a similar experience of the movie. While this phenomenon has …
Exploring The Inter-Relationship Between Cognitive And Motor Function In People With Lower Limb Amputations, Humberto Adolfo Omaña Moreno
Exploring The Inter-Relationship Between Cognitive And Motor Function In People With Lower Limb Amputations, Humberto Adolfo Omaña Moreno
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
The main objective of the present dissertation was to expand our understanding of the inter-relationship between cognition and mobility in people with lower limb amputations (PLLA). Study 1 systematically reviewed the literature to assess the effects of dual-task testing on the balance and gait of PLLA. A total of twenty-two studies were included. Overall, PLLA demonstrated a disproportionately greater dual-task effect than controls, characterized by increased sway velocity and reduced pace and rhythm, and increased asymmetry when balance or walking was paired with a secondary task. Additionally, the dual-task effect was not influenced by differences in etiology, level of amputation, …
Examining The Association Between Brain Mri Measures At 7 Tesla And Cognition Following Covid-19 Infection, Helma Heidari
Examining The Association Between Brain Mri Measures At 7 Tesla And Cognition Following Covid-19 Infection, Helma Heidari
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
The long-term neuropsychological, cognitive, and neurobiological effects of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) in survivors with milder symptoms are still poorly understood. In this thesis we evaluated cognitive and psychological changes approximately five weeks after a wide range of symptoms in COVID-19 illness and determined whether advanced diffusion magnetic resonance imaging measures within subcortical brain structures of the limbic system were related to neurological, respiratory, psychiatric, and gastric symptoms experienced during the acute phase of illness. Cognitive and neuropsychological evaluations were performed in 45 participants who experienced neurological symptoms during the acute phase of COVID-19 illness. Participants also underwent …
Exercise As A Treatment For Cognitive Decline In Older Adults: The Role Of Growth Factors And Inflammatory Cytokines, Joshua A. Titus
Exercise As A Treatment For Cognitive Decline In Older Adults: The Role Of Growth Factors And Inflammatory Cytokines, Joshua A. Titus
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
The purpose of this thesis was to investigate the effects that exercise modalities have on neurotrophic and inflammatory blood markers and cognitive outcomes in older adults. A systematic review and meta-analysis were completed. The included studies illustrated that most of the literature evaluated the effect of aerobic exercise interventions on systemic concentrations of the blood marker brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). The review found that aerobic exercise increases BDNF and resistance training increases insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). Interventions with sex-specific cohorts presented advantages in males for blood marker and cognitive outcomes compared to females. One of three included interventions decreased …
Assessment Of Executive Function Using A Series Of Operant Conditioning Based Tasks In T1dm Rodents, Kevin T. Murphy
Assessment Of Executive Function Using A Series Of Operant Conditioning Based Tasks In T1dm Rodents, Kevin T. Murphy
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
This study examined the impact of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) on executive function using a series of operant conditioning based tasks in rats. Sprague Dawley rats were randomized to either non-diabetic (n = 12; 6 male) or diabetic (n = 14; 6 male) groups. Diabetes was induced using multiple low-dose streptozotocin injections. All diabetic rodents were insulin-treated using subcutaneous insulin pellet implants. At week 14 of the study, rats were placed on a food restricted diet to induce 5 - 10% weight loss. Rodents were familiarized and tested on a series of tasks that required continuous adjustments to novel …
Cholinergic Modulation Of Behaviour, Ornela Kljakic
Cholinergic Modulation Of Behaviour, Ornela Kljakic
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
The cholinergic system is one of the most influential and essential signalling systems in the body. In the brain, cholinergic neurons innervate many brain regions where they influence a wide variety of behaviours. However, the precise role of each cholinergic region on distinct types of behaviour is not well known. Furthermore, in recent years there has been evidence that many cholinergic neurons in the brain have a capacity for co-transmission. Yet the functional significance of secreting two classical neurotransmitters from the same neuron is still largely unidentified. In this thesis, we investigated how different cholinergic nuclei modulate behavioural functions. To …
Interplay Between Shift Work, Psychological Distress, Sleep Quality, And Cognitive Performance, Rea Therese Alonzo
Interplay Between Shift Work, Psychological Distress, Sleep Quality, And Cognitive Performance, Rea Therese Alonzo
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Shift work schedules are designed to maintain a continuous operation of goods and services. However, engaging in shift work may impact cognitive functioning. This thesis assessed the relationship between shift work and cognitive performance. Using cross-sectional data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging, multiple linear regression models were used to investigate the association between shift work and cognitive performance, as well as the moderating effects of psychological distress and sleep quality. Differences by sex and retirement status were also investigated. Shift work was significantly associated with poor performance for executive functioning but not for declarative memory. Poorer cognitive performance …
Assessing Cognitive Function In A Mouse Model Of Synucleinopathy, Mei Peng Lim
Assessing Cognitive Function In A Mouse Model Of Synucleinopathy, Mei Peng Lim
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
A common hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases is the formation and spreading of misfolded protein. In synucleinopathies, the aggregation-prone alpha-synuclein (α-syn) is the pivotal player. At present, whether cognitive deficits in synucleinopathies arise due to increased protein misfolding is unclear. We utilized the Bussey-Saksida touchscreen system to study the impact of α-syn pathology on cognition. M83 homozygous mice, a model of synucleinopathy, were impaired in reversal learning in the Pairwise Visual Discrimination (PVD) reversal task, but do not show attentional impairments in the 5-Choice Serial Reaction Time task. In contrast, M83 hemizygous mice do not show deficits in the PVD reversal …
Investigating Cognitive Impairment In Tdp-43 Mouse Models Of Ftd-Als Using Automated Touchscreens, Keon Coleman
Investigating Cognitive Impairment In Tdp-43 Mouse Models Of Ftd-Als Using Automated Touchscreens, Keon Coleman
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
TAR-DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) misfolding and aggregation is a major pathological hallmark of frontotemporal dementia-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (FTD/ALS). FTD/ALS is characterized by motor and cognitive impairment, with cognitive impairment frequently reported before the onset of classical motor symptoms. Yet, treatment for cognitive decline in FTD/ALS is lacking, and robust cognitive phenotypes related to TDP-43 proteinopathy have not been established for most mouse models of FTD/ALS. Herein, we used automated touchscreen technology to assess executive function (affected in FTD/ALS) in male TDP-43Q331Klow and -G348C FTD/ALS transgenic mice. The touchscreen pairwise visual discrimination task revealed impairments in 4-5-month-old TDP-43Q331Klow and …
The Role Of Forebrain Cholinergic Signalling In Regulating Hippocampal Function And Neuropathology, Mohammed Al-Onaizi
The Role Of Forebrain Cholinergic Signalling In Regulating Hippocampal Function And Neuropathology, Mohammed Al-Onaizi
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Cholinergic dysfunction has been associated with cognitive abnormalities in a variety of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders, including Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Cumulative use of drugs with anticholinergic activity is associated with increased risk for dementia and AD. Also, cholinergic function has been implicated in predicting the development of key neuropathological hallmarks seen in AD. However, the relationship between cholinergic dysfunction and conservation of cognitive ability as well as neuronal cell maintenance is not fully understood. Here, we tested how information processing and distinct molecular mechanisms associated with AD are regulated by cholinergic tone in genetically-modified mice in which cholinergic transmission was …
Developmental Stress And The Effects On Physiological And Cognitive-Behavioural Traits In European Starlings, Tara M. Farrell
Developmental Stress And The Effects On Physiological And Cognitive-Behavioural Traits In European Starlings, Tara M. Farrell
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Birdsong is a complex, learned vocalization that is a phenotypic expression of male quality. The developmental stress hypothesis describes how the cost to possessing a high quality song is paid in early development. Stressful early-life experiences have adverse effects on the development of the neural circuitry that regulates song learning and production, which results in a male advertising with a low quality song in adulthood. The purpose of this thesis was to test the developmental stress hypothesis in several respects in European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris). My objectives were to assess the long-term effects of developmental stress on (1) …
Cognitive Function In Bk Channel Knock-Out Mice, Magdalena N. Mirkowski
Cognitive Function In Bk Channel Knock-Out Mice, Magdalena N. Mirkowski
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
BK channels are large conductance potassium channels activated by both Ca2+ concentration and membrane depolarization. They recently have been implicated to be involved in sensorimotor gating and higher cognitive function. However, it is not yet clear to what extent these channels affect these functions. The purpose of this study is to assess the role of BK channels in sensorimotor gating and cognitive function. We used a C57BL6 and SV129 hybrid mouse model in which the pore forming alpha subunit was genetically deleted. We employed the acoustic startle response to assess mechanisms of sensory gating (habituation and PPI), and the …