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Articles 1 - 12 of 12
Full-Text Articles in Neuroscience and Neurobiology
Parsing The Behavioral And Brain Mechanisms Of Third-Party Punishment, Owen D. Jones, Matthew Ginther, Richard J. Bonnie, Morris B. Hoffman, Francis X. Shen, Kenneth W. Simons, Rene Marois
Parsing The Behavioral And Brain Mechanisms Of Third-Party Punishment, Owen D. Jones, Matthew Ginther, Richard J. Bonnie, Morris B. Hoffman, Francis X. Shen, Kenneth W. Simons, Rene Marois
Owen Jones
The evolved capacity for third-party punishment is considered crucial to the emergence and maintenance of elaborate human social organization and is central to the modern provision of fairness and justice within society. Although it is well established that the mental state of the offender and the severity of the harm he caused are the two primary predictors of punishment decisions, the precise cognitive and brain mechanisms by which these distinct components are evaluated and integrated into a punishment decision are poorly understood.
Using a brain-scanning technique known as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we implemented a novel experimental design to …
Rumination Is Associated With Diminished Performance Monitoring, Ema Tanovic, Greg Hajack, Charles A. Sanislow
Rumination Is Associated With Diminished Performance Monitoring, Ema Tanovic, Greg Hajack, Charles A. Sanislow
Charles A. Sanislow, Ph.D.
Effects Of Anandamide Administration On Components Of Reward Processing, Howard C. Cromwell
Effects Of Anandamide Administration On Components Of Reward Processing, Howard C. Cromwell
Howard Casey Cromwell
Multi-Scale Motility Amplitude Associated With Suicidal Thoughts In Major Depression, Premananda Indic, Greg Murray, Carlo Maggini, Mario Amore, Tiziana Meschi, Loris Borghi, Ross J. Baldessarini, Paola Salvatore
Multi-Scale Motility Amplitude Associated With Suicidal Thoughts In Major Depression, Premananda Indic, Greg Murray, Carlo Maggini, Mario Amore, Tiziana Meschi, Loris Borghi, Ross J. Baldessarini, Paola Salvatore
Premananda Indic
Major depression occurs at high prevalence in the general population, often starts in juvenile years, recurs over a lifetime, and is strongly associated with disability and suicide. Searches for biological markers in depression may have been hindered by assuming that depression is a unitary and relatively homogeneous disorder, mainly of mood, rather than addressing particular, clinically crucial features or diagnostic subtypes. Many studies have implicated quantitative alterations of motility rhythms in depressed human subjects. Since a candidate feature of great public-health significance is the unusually high risk of suicidal behavior in depressive disorders, we studied correlations between a measure (vulnerability …
Reward Enhances Tic Suppression In Children Within Months Of Tic Disorder Onset, Deanna J. Greene, Jonathan M. Koller, Amy Robichaux-Viehoever, Emily C. Bihun, Bradley L. Schlaggar, Kevin J. Black
Reward Enhances Tic Suppression In Children Within Months Of Tic Disorder Onset, Deanna J. Greene, Jonathan M. Koller, Amy Robichaux-Viehoever, Emily C. Bihun, Bradley L. Schlaggar, Kevin J. Black
Kevin J. Black, MD
Tic disorders are childhood onset neuropsychiatric disorders characterized by motor and/or vocal tics. Research has demonstrated that children with chronic tics (including Tourette syndrome and Chronic Tic Disorder: TS/CTD) can suppress tics, particularly when an immediate, contingent reward is given for successful tic suppression. As a diagnosis of TS/CTD requires tics to be present for at least one year, children in these tic suppression studies had been living with tics for quite some time. Thus, it is unclear whether the ability to inhibit tics is learned over time or present at tic onset. Resolving that issue would inform theories of …
Quantile Rank Maps: A New Tool For Understanding Individual Brain Development, Huaihou Chen, Clare Kelly, F. Xavier Castellanos, Ye He, Xi-Nian Zuo, Philip T. Reiss
Quantile Rank Maps: A New Tool For Understanding Individual Brain Development, Huaihou Chen, Clare Kelly, F. Xavier Castellanos, Ye He, Xi-Nian Zuo, Philip T. Reiss
Philip T. Reiss
We propose a novel method for neurodevelopmental brain mapping that displays how an individual’s values for a quantity of interest compare with age-specific norms. By estimating smoothly age-varying distributions at a set of brain regions of interest, we derive age-dependent region-wise quantile ranks for a given individual, which can be presented in the form of a brain map. Such quantile rank maps could potentially be used for clinical screening. Bootstrap-based confidence intervals are proposed for the quantile rank estimates. We also propose a recalibrated Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for detecting group differences in the age-varying distribution. This test is shown to be …
Keynote Speaker Presentations: 5th Annual Umass Center For Clinical And Translational Research Retreat (Video), Robert H. Brown Jr., Thomas Grisso
Keynote Speaker Presentations: 5th Annual Umass Center For Clinical And Translational Research Retreat (Video), Robert H. Brown Jr., Thomas Grisso
Thomas Grisso
This video features the full keynote presentations from the 5th Annual UMass Center for Clinical and Translational Science Research Retreat at the University of Massachusetts Medical School (UMMS) in Worcester, MA, on May 20, 2014.
Beginning at 12:40
1st Keynote Speaker: Robert H. Brown, Jr., MD, D.Phil, Chair, Department of Neurology, UMMS. “Lou Gehrig Disease: From Mapping to Medicines”
Beginning at 1:22:19
2nd Keynote Speaker: Thomas Grisso, PhD, Director, Law and Psychiatry Program and Professor, Department of Psychiatry, UMMS. Recipient, Chancellor’s Medal for Distinguished Scholarship. “Translational Research in Law and Psychiatry”
Also included is a brief introductory presentation with updates …
Progressive Levels Of Physical Dependence To Tobacco Coincide With Changes In The Anterior Cingulum Bundle Microstructure, Wei Huang, Joseph R. Difranza, David N. Kennedy, Nanyin Zhang, Douglas M. Ziedonis, W. W. Sanouri A. Ursprung, Jean A. King
Progressive Levels Of Physical Dependence To Tobacco Coincide With Changes In The Anterior Cingulum Bundle Microstructure, Wei Huang, Joseph R. Difranza, David N. Kennedy, Nanyin Zhang, Douglas M. Ziedonis, W. W. Sanouri A. Ursprung, Jean A. King
Douglas M. Ziedonis
BACKGROUND: The tobacco withdrawal syndrome indicates the development of neurophysiologic dependence. Clinical evidence indicates that neurophysiologic dependence develops through a set sequence of symptom presentation that can be assessed with a new 3-item survey measure of wanting, craving, and needing tobacco, the Level of Physical Dependence (PD). This study sought to determine if advancing neurophysiologic dependence as measured by the Level of PD correlates with characteristics of white matter structure measured by Fractional Anisotropy (FA).
METHODS: Diffusion-MRI based FA and diffusion tensor imaging probabilistic tractography were used to evaluate 11 smokers and 10 nonsmokers. FA was also examined in relation …
Welcome To The Journal Of Evolution And Health, Aaron Blaisdell, Paul Jaminet, David C. Pendergrass
Welcome To The Journal Of Evolution And Health, Aaron Blaisdell, Paul Jaminet, David C. Pendergrass
Aaron P Blaisdell
Welcome to the first issue of the Journal of Evolution and Health! The Journal of Evolution and Health is the peer-reviewed, open-access journal of the Ancestral Health Society, a community of scientists, healthcare professionals, and laypersons who collaborate to understand health challenges from an evolutionary perspective.
Detecting Structure In Glass Patterns: An Interocular Transfer Study, Dawn Vreven, Jarrod Berge
Detecting Structure In Glass Patterns: An Interocular Transfer Study, Dawn Vreven, Jarrod Berge
Dawn L Vreven
Glass patterns are visual stimuli used here to study how local orientation signals are spatially integrated into global pattern perception. We measured a form aftereffect from adaptation to both static and dynamic Glass patterns and calculated the amount of interocular transfer to determine the binocularity of the detectors responsible for the perception of global structure. Both static and dynamic adaptation produced significant form aftereffects and showed a very high degree of interocular transfer, suggesting that Glass-pattern perception involves cortical processing beyond primary visual cortex. Surprisingly, dynamic adaptation produced significantly greater interocular transfer than static adaptation. Our results suggest a functional …
Serotonin Transporter (5-Httlpr) Genotype And Childhood Trauma Are Associated With Individual Differences In Decision Making, Scott Stoltenberg
Serotonin Transporter (5-Httlpr) Genotype And Childhood Trauma Are Associated With Individual Differences In Decision Making, Scott Stoltenberg
Scott F. Stoltenberg
The factors that influence individual differences in decision making are not yet fully characterized, but convergent evidence is accumulating that implicates serotonin (5-HT) system function. Therefore, both genes and environments that influence serotonin function are good candidates for association with risky decision making. In the present study we examined associations between common polymorphisms in the serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4; 5-HTTLPR and rs25531), the experience of childhood trauma and decision making on the Iowa gambling task (IGT) in 391 (64.5% female) healthy Caucasian adults. Homozygosity for the 5-HTTLPR L allele was associated with riskier decision making in the first block of …
Brain, Mind And Behaviour - Emerging Biological Connections, Amresh Srivastava
Brain, Mind And Behaviour - Emerging Biological Connections, Amresh Srivastava
Amresh Srivastava
No abstract provided.