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Laboratory and Basic Science Research Commons™
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Full-Text Articles in Laboratory and Basic Science Research
Acute Toxicity Testing Without Animals: More Scientific And Less Of A Gamble, Gillian R. Langley
Acute Toxicity Testing Without Animals: More Scientific And Less Of A Gamble, Gillian R. Langley
Application of Alternative Methods Collection
In this report, we argue specifically that acute toxicity data should not be sought from animal tests. The underlying principle of such tests on rats and mice is that the results can be effectively extrapolated to humans. In fact, after nearly 80 years of use of these tests, the predictivity of rodent data for human acute toxic effects has been disputed but never proven.
The Future Of Teratology Research Is In Vitro, Jarrod Bailey, Andrew Knight, Jonathan Balcombe
The Future Of Teratology Research Is In Vitro, Jarrod Bailey, Andrew Knight, Jonathan Balcombe
Experimentation Collection
Birth defects induced by maternal exposure to exogenous agents during pregnancy are preventable, if the agents themselves can be identified and avoided. Billions of dollars and manhours have been dedicated to animal-based discovery and characterisation methods over decades. We show here, via a comprehensive systematic review and analysis of this data, that these methods constitute questionable science and pose a hazard to humans. Mean positive and negative predictivities barely exceed 50%; discordance among the species used is substantial; reliable extrapolation from animal data to humans is impossible, and virtually all known human teratogens have so far been identified in spite …
127 Million Non-Human Vertebrates Used Worldwide For Scientific Purposes In 2005, Andrew Knight
127 Million Non-Human Vertebrates Used Worldwide For Scientific Purposes In 2005, Andrew Knight
Experimentation Collection
No abstract provided.
Ld50 Testing Of Botulinum Toxin For Use As A Cosmetic, Martin L. Stephens, Michael Balls
Ld50 Testing Of Botulinum Toxin For Use As A Cosmetic, Martin L. Stephens, Michael Balls
Experimentation Collection
In 2003, the Fund for the Replacement of Animals in Medical Experiments (FRAME) revealed that the potency of botulinum toxin for use as a popular wrinkle treatment is assessed by using the LD50 Test. The endpoint in this mouse-based testing is death through suffocation. In 2004, The Humane Society of the United States (HSUS) sought to work with Allergan, the US-based manufacturer of Botox® Cosmetic, and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), on ways to refine, reduce, and replace this LD50 testing. This article summarises The HSUS’s campaign in the United States and provides an update on FRAME’s continuing …