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Medical Training Using Simulation: Toward Fewer Animals And Safer Patients, Jonathan Balcombe
Medical Training Using Simulation: Toward Fewer Animals And Safer Patients, Jonathan Balcombe
Experimentation Collection
This paper presents the current status of computer-based simulation in medicine. Recent technological advances have enabled this field to emerge from esoteric explorations in academic laboratories to commercially available simulators designed to train users to perform medical procedures from start to finish. Today, more than a dozen companies are producing virtual reality simulators and interactive manikins for training in endoscopy, laparoscopy, anaesthesia, trauma management, angiography, and needle insertion. For many of these procedures, thousands of animals are still being used in training. Yet simulation has many advantages that can transcend scientific, ethical, economic and logistical problems that arise when using …
Alternatives To And Reduction Of Animal Use In Biomedical Research, Education And Testing, John M. Frazier, Alan M. Goldberg
Alternatives To And Reduction Of Animal Use In Biomedical Research, Education And Testing, John M. Frazier, Alan M. Goldberg
Experimentation Collection
Biomedical endeavours can be divided into three major categories: research, education, and testing. Within the context of each of these categories, activities involving whole animals have made major contributions and will continue to do so in the future. However, with technological developments in the areas of biotechnology and computers, new methods are already reducing the use of whole animals in certain areas. This article discusses the general tissues of alternatives and then focuses on the development of new approaches to toxicity testing.