Kinesiology Commons^™

A Comparison Of Linear And Daily Undulating Periodizied Strength Training Programs., Andrew Morrow Caldwell

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study is to compare linear periodized (LP) and daily undulating (DUP) periodized strength training programs, and determine if either method of periodization elicits superior gains in 1 Repetitions maximums (1RM) for back squat (BS) and bench press (BP) (core exercises). Nineteen subjects (n=19) underwent a 6-week resistance-training (RT) program. Participants performed both BS and BP two day a week. The LP group linearly increased intensity while decreasing volume. While the DUP group daily changed intensity and volume. Total volume for both BS and BP were equal for both LP and DUP. Both BP and BS increased …

Effects Of Video Modeling On Skill Acquisition In Learning The Golf Swing, Joshua L. Smith

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of video modeling on skill acquisition in learning the golf swing. One-hundred-eight college students participated in this study. All participants were pre-tested via videotaping to determine initial skill level. The pre-test videotaping was analyzed using DartTrainer software. Each participant was randomly assigned to one of three groups (1) control (2) single-view or (3) multi-view. Participants in the control group viewed a compact disc (CD) with a putting demonstration repeated 40 times. The participants in the single-view group viewed a CD with a front view only demonstration repeated 40 times of …

A Biomechanical Analysis Of Sprinters Vs. Distance Runners At Equal And Maximal Speeds, Tyler D. Bushnell

Theses and Dissertations

In the sport of track and field, sprinting and distance running represent two major categories of athletes. Sprinting is associated with power and speed, whereas distance running focuses on the economy of movement. With distance running there are elements of sprint technique that overlap. With distance events, there comes a time near the end of the race where economy gives way to speed. If the distance runners knew how to alter their technique in a way to become more sprint-like, this process could possibly be more successful. PURPOSE: This study compared the differences in technique between sprinters and distance runners …

Use Of Pedometers To Promote Improvement In Selected Physiological Measurements In An Older Female Mexican American Population, Zasha Romero

Theses and Dissertations - UTB/UTPA

The problem of this study was to determine if pedometers promoted daily walking exercise reflected by changes on selected physiological measurements in older Mexican American females. Significance in the study was determined at the 95% level of confidence. The researcher offered the null hypothesis of no difference in results from the pretest to the posttest in both the control and treatment groups for the selected physiological measurements. The subjects of this study were 55 Mexican-American females ages 60 to 75. The subjects were randomly assigned to a treatment or control group. An analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) method was used to …

The Long Term Effects Of Short-Wave Diathermy And Long-Duration Static Stretch On Hamstring Flexibility, Daniel Joseph Graham

Theses and Dissertations

Objective: To compare changes in hamstring flexibility from treatments of pulsed short- wave diathermy and prolonged stretch versus sham diathermy and prolonged stretch and control and to observe how long those changes last.

Background: Heat and stretch techniques have been touted for years. To date, the effect of short-wave diathermy and hamstring stretching has not been thoroughly studied. Because diathermy heats a large area and penetrates deep into the muscle, use of this device prior to or during hamstring stretching may increase flexibility and these gains may last longer.

Study Design: A randomized, counterbalanced 3x2x6 repeated measures design. The 3 …

Effects Of Different Jumping Programs On Hip And Spine Bone Mineral Density In Pre-Menopausal Women, J. Eric Strong

Theses and Dissertations

Sixty premenopausal women (age 25-50) finished a 16 week randomized controlled trial looking at the effects of different jump programs on hip and spine bone mineral density (BMD). Subjects were randomly assigned to a control group or one of two jumping groups. The Jump 10 group performed 10 jumps with 30 seconds of rest between jumps, twice daily, while the Jump 20 group performed the same protocol but with 20 jumps. At 8 weeks, BMD percent change (%Δ) at the hip was significantly different among groups when age, weight change, and subject compliance were simultaneously adjusted. In particular, the Jump …

The Effects Of Three Different Ice Bath Immersion Times On Numbness (Sensation Of Pressure), Surface Temperature, And Perceived Pain, Norma E. Johnson

Theses and Dissertations

Objectives: Determine if numbness differs in magnitude and duration between 10-, 15-, and 20-min ice bath immersions, when temperature was held constant. Design: Dependant variables; sensation of pressure (g), perceived pain (cm), and skin temperature (º C). A repeated measures 3 X 19 factorial guided this study. Conditions were 10-, 15-, and 20-min ice bath immersions. Measurement times were before immersion, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 10, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, and 20 min immersion, and 1.5, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11 min postimmersion. Subjects: Eighteen college-aged volunteers. Measurements: Subjects participated in three ice bath immersions (10, 15, …

Variance In Percent Body Fat Between And Within Families As Measured By Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry, Laurel Anne Kelsey

Theses and Dissertations

Objective: To determine the variance in percent body fat between and within families as measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Methods: Percent body fat (%BF) assessed in 95 females, 120 males (included 54 sets of biological siblings) using DXA. Physical activity questionnaire used to assess current physical activity habits in each participant. Results: Variance in %BF between and within families is similar. Amount of television viewing and levels of physical activity can affect %BF. Discussion: A model such as the one derived in this study can be a useful tool in intervention programs implemented to decrease obesity.

The Relationship Between Steps Per Day And Bone Variables In Healthy Postmenopausal Women, Olivera Lukajic

Masters Theses

The primary purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between ambulatory physical activity (steps per day) and bone variables in healthy, Caucasian postmenopausal women. Additionally, we examined the relationship of body mass (BM), lean mass (LM), and fat mass (FM) with bone variables in this group of women, Average steps taken per day were compared to bone mineral density (BMD) in 93 postmenopausal women (60.8 ±5.8 yrs). Ambulatory physical activity (steps per day) was measured for 14 consecutive days using a Yamax Digi-Walker SW-200. Additionally, current physical activity (PA) level was estimated using a Paffenbarger Physical Activity Index …

Alumni Perceptions: A Review Of The Curriculum Within The Recreation Program At The University Of Tennessee, Knoxville, Angela Jeneanne Wozencroft

Masters Theses

The purpose of this study was to examine the perceptions of alumni who had graduated from The University of Tennessee, Knoxville’s (UTK) recreation program. The data collection tool used in this study was a questionnaire developed by the researcher. The questionnaire gathered information from the alumni on the following research questions:

1. How many graduates were employed in the field of recreation upon graduation and what were some of the reasons for one not being employed in the field?

2. What were the alumni’s perceptions of the quality of their education, from the recreation program, in relation to their demands …

Pedometer-Determined Physical Activity And Health Variables In African-American Women (40-62 Years Of Age), Lyndsey Michelle Hornbuckle

Masters Theses

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between pedometer-determined physical activity, measured in steps per day, and several health variables in middle-aged, African-American women. Height, weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, and % body fat were measured in 69 African-American females (mean age 51.4 ± 5.4 years). Subjects wore a pedometer for 7 consecutive days after their laboratory visit and average steps/day were compared to each health variable. For statistical analyses, subjects were categorized into 3 different groups based on their physical activity level. The categories were < 5,000 steps/day, 5,000-7,499 steps/day, and > 7,500 steps/day. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to …

The Effects Of The Type Of Skill Assessment On The Motivation Of Students In Physical Education, Tyler Gene Johnson

Theses and Dissertations

The purposes of this study were to (1) examine the effects of criterion-referenced (i.e., Programmed Practice Sheet or PPS) and norm-referenced (i.e., standardized) skill assessments on the situational motivation of junior high school physical education students (N = 507), (2) determine if student task and ego dispositions could be affected by the type of skill assessment administered, and (3) determine if having choices of skill level affects student situational motivation and perception of autonomy support. Student situational motivation, task and ego disposition, and sense of autonomy were assessed using the Situational Motivation Scale (SIMS), Perception of Success Questionnaire (POSQ), and …

The Effects Of Differing Bicycle Frame Geometry On Muscle Recruitment Strategies And Power During A 30-Second Wingate Anaerobic Test, Patrick Hills-Meyer

Masters Theses

The purpose of this study was to test how changing the bicycle frame geometry; from a shallow frame geometry [seat tube angle (STA) of 72°] to a steep frame geometry (STA of 82°) affected the electromyographic (EMG) signal of the hamstrings [biceps femoris (BF) and semitendinosus (ST) muscles] and the quadriceps [vastus medialis (VM) and vastus lateralis (VL)] and power (max, mean, min, and, % drop) during a Wingate anaerobic test (WAT). To measure the muscle recruitment and power, 12 experienced triathletes were prepped with surface electrodes to measure EMG amplitude and an electrogoniometer to measure knee joint angle while …

The Effect Of Wearing Mouthguards On Vo2, Ventilation, And Perceived Exertion At Two Different Exercise Intensities, Jeffrey Scott Hurst

Theses and Dissertations

Objective: To assess the effects of wearing a protective mouthguard during exercise on ventilation and oxygen consumption.
Design and Setting: All participants performed a graded maximal exercise test on a cycle ergometer to determine peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak). Each participant also performed 6 submaximal exercise tests while wearing one of two facemasks (nasal or non-nasal breathing) and one of three mouthguard conditions (no mouthguard, boil and bite, custom-fit). Steady-state VO2, rate of perceived exertion (RPE), and other ventilatory values were measured at 60% and 80% of VO2max during each submaximal exercise test. All 6 submaximal exercise tests were completed within …

Effects Of A Tape Cast, Air-Stirrup, And An Air-Stirrup Applied Over A Taped Ankle On Dynamic Ankle Inversion, Justin K. Freeman

Theses and Dissertations

Objective: To compare the tape cast, and an Air-Stirrup/closed basketweave combination to the Air-Stirrup alone with respect to their effects on dynamic ankle inversion.

Design and Setting: This study used a repeated measures design with the independent variables being the exercise bout and the ankle support method (4 levels: no support, Air-Stirrup only, Air-Stirrup/closed basketweave, and tape cast). The 2 dependent variables were total inversion and maximum inversion velocity. Measurements were taken before and after an exercise bout, and all trials were conducted in the university's human performance laboratory.

Subjects: 16 subjects (11 male, 5 female, age 24.3 ± 1.8 …

Examination Of Adolescent Physical Activity And Overweight Levels , Maika Elizabeth Nelson

Theses and Dissertations

Research suggests declines in physical activity may occur after age 12. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationships between adolescent physical activity, BMI, and nutrition. Adolescents, ages 12-17 (N = 223), wore pedometers for 11 consecutive days and completed a nutrition survey, the Youth Adolescent Questionnaire. Activity levels did not differ among the ages of 12-17 year old adolescents, and boys were more active than girls. There was a low, but significant relationship between BMI and physical activity levels for both boys and girls. Energy intake was not related to BMI or physical activity levels in boys …

Concentration Characteristics And Batting Performance In Collegiate Baseball And Softball, Daniel Samess

Legacy ETDs

This study examined relationships between batting performance, trait anxiety, and concentration style. A predictive analysis was also formed to determine the combination of subscales that may best explain variance in batting performance. To accurately measure these variables, the Sport Competition Anxiety Test (SCAT; Martens, Vealey, & Burton, 1990) and the Batting-specific Test of Attentional and Interpersonal Style (B-TAIS; Albrecht & Feltz, 1987) were employed. Participants consisted of both male collegiate baseball and female collegiate sofitball players located in the southeastern section of the United States. Participants' 2003 batting statistics were utilized to assess batting performance, and participants must have compiled …

An Examination Of Psychological Variables Affecting Injured Athletes Prior To Returning To Play, Jessica Marie Meyers

Legacy ETDs

Injury occurs in a variety of different sports and affects athletes in a number of different ways. Following injury, athletic identity is often lost, bringing upon feelings of anger and depression (Brewer, 1993; Fortunato & Marchant, 1999). As athletes begin to re-enter sports, lower levels of sport-confidence are exhibited (Johnston & Carroll, 1998). Social support has been shown to motivate individuals as well as aid in the overall progress of rehabilitation (Ford & Gordon, 1999; Magyar & Duda, 2000). The purpose of the current study was to determine psychological factors that may influence returning to a sport in which injury …

Evaluation Of The Relationship Between Venous Function And Post Exercise Oxygen Consumption Recovery Kinetics, Eric Joseph Tisdell

LSU Master's Theses

Excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) has been attributed to metabolic, hemodynamic, neuroendocrine, and pulmonary factors. In one particular study, Barclay (J Appl Physiol 1986;61(3):1084-90) suggested that a lower rate of fatigue and hyperperfusion following a bout of exercise was due to a mechanism other than increased oxygen and substrate delivery. Interestingly, few studies have examined the influence of venous function on EPOC. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between measures of vascular function and EPOC. Measures of vascular function and VO2 recovery kinetics were examined in 20 individuals [age=22+2.41 yrs]. Nondominant forearm arterial inflow, venous capacitance …

Effects Of Aerobic And Anaerobic Training Protocols On 4000m Track Cycling Time Trial, William Mathieu Cheramie

LSU Master's Theses

The aim of this study was to determine whether performance in a 4000m individual pursuit could be significantly influenced by training protocols that are solely based in either aerobic/distance training, or anaerobic/sprint training. Faina et al., (1989) and Neuman et al. (1992) have found, using professional track cyclist that there appears to be a split in energy pathways used to perform the event. Their results indicate that 20% of the workload is achieved via anaerobic metabolism and the remaining 80% are achieved through aerobic metabolism. Group #1, followed a training protocol modeled after repeated, short duration, (<1:30.00s/1000m), high intensity sprinting. This particular training protocol may serve to utilize a greater proportion of its allotted time by generating beneficial metabolic adaptations that may possibly improve the subjects performance in the 4000m individual pursuit. Group #2, trained primarily through aerobic means, followed the "more traditional" training method for such an event. This protocol consisted of cycling intervals of distances proportionally longer (>4000m) than that …

An Examination Of The Relationship Between Psychological Conditions And The Incidence Of Athletic Injury, Gregory A. Penczek

LSU Master's Theses

The purpose if this investigation was to examine injury rates among college athletes with a diagnosed psychological condition/mental disorder. Participants were drawn from a pool of 440 male and female intercollegiate athletes (ages 18-26 years). All subjects with a psychological disorder were then identified (n=38) and placed in the diagnosis group. A second group was then selected, which consisted of matched pairs of athletes without a psychological diagnosis. Twelve sports were represented in the sample population with an equal number of male (n=26) and female (n=12) participants in each group. The athletic training database was examined via query to identify …

Hemodynamic Responses Following Dynamic Resistance Exercise In Young And Older Adult Women, Rafael Antonio Reyes

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

This investigation examined the effects of age, exercise and test condition on hemodynamic variables, autonomic and vascular function in relation to resistance exercise (RE). The associations among these variables were also examined. METHODS: Sixteen young (21.4+1.4 yrs) and 16 older (69.7+3.9 yrs) women performed 5- and 15- repetition maximal (RM) of knee extension RE. Continuous blood pressure (BP) and electrocardiography (ECG) data were recorded. The dependent variables are reported at pre-exercise, peak exercise and recovery period. Heart rate variability data were derived from 5- and 10-min segments before and after exercise. Resting and after arterial occlusion forearm vascular function indices …

Instrument Assisted Soft Tissue Mobilization: Effect On Strength And Range Of Motion, John Frederick Burnside

LSU Master's Theses

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to determine strength changes in the knee measured throughout full range of motion following Instrument Assisted Soft Tissue Mobilization. METHODS: 13 subjects underwent pre-screening for existing soft tissue lesions. Subjects performed multiple angle isometric strength testing at the knee (15°, 45°, 60°, 90°, 115° of knee flexion) prior to beginning a 4-week resistance training protocol. Subjects performed knee extension/flexion exercises (2x15) 3 times a week for 4 weeks. Following the training period, subjects were post tested using the same protocol as used in the pre-test. DATA ANALYSIS: A paired sample t-test was used …

Students' Construction Of The Body In Physical Education, Laura Azzarito

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Recently, physical education researchers have been concerned about the results of national studies reporting young people's low level of participation in physical activity and health problems associated with inactivity. In general girls are less active than boys, and youth from low socioeconomic classes are less active and are more likely be unhealthy than middle or upper class youth. Blacks have the highest risks of health problems and the highest levels of physical inactivity. Among a number of recommendations included in Healthy People 2010, physical education has been identified as a fundamental site for addressing today's challenges. According to physical education …

The Effect Of Beta-Carotene Vitamin E, And Vitamin C Supplementation Upon Work Capacity During A Protocol Of Arm Curl Exercise Using The Biodex Dyanamometer, Ivan Kenyon Guillory

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

The effect of acute and chronic supplementation upon work capacity in trained and untrained subjects was examined using 10 normal healthy subjects (ages 19-23). The subjects were tested using a double-blind crossover design. During the two supplemental stages subjects ingested either the placebo or antioxidant mixture capsules (beta-carotene, vitamin C, vitamin E). There was a 28 day washout period between the two supplemental stages. Subjects were tested during each stage for an acute effect (one day of supplementation) and chronic effect (twenty-eight days of supplementation). Testing consisted of seven sets of arm curl exercises with a 60-second rest period between …

The Effectiveness Of Videotape Feedback In Sport: Examining Cognitions In A Self-Controlled Learning Environment, Justin Menickelli

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Providing videotape feedback (VTFB) as a form of knowledge of performance (KP) to learners is a common instructional tool in teaching and coaching. VTFB has attracted renewed attention and various “laundry lists” of recommendations (e.g., provide VTFB immediately following performance, use frequently, vary camera angles) on VTFB implementation (e.g., Franks & Maile, 1991; Trinity & Annesi, 1996). Furthermore, researchers have begun exploring the cognitive variables which serve to mediate the impact of VTFB (e.g., Hebert, Landin, & Menickelli, 1998; Menickelli, Landin, Grisham, & Hebert, 2000). Recent research has focused on two key issues: VTFB provided in a self-controlled learning environment …

Influence Of Venous Emptying On Reactive Hyperemic Blood Flow, Zeki Bahadir

LSU Master's Theses

Recent work by Tschakovsky & Hughson (Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 279: H1007, 2000) indicates that venous emptying serves as a stimulus for vasodilation. This suggests the importance of recognizing the potential influence of venous volume on reactive hyperemic blood flow (RHBF) following occlusion. Purpose: To examine the influence of venous emptying on RHBF. Methods: Non-dominant forearm in-flow, venous capacitance and outflow were examined in 21 individuals [age=23±2.27y]. Forearm arterial inflow, venous capacitance, and outflow were obtained two times using strain gauge plethysmography. Forearm blood inflow was estimated at rest and following 5 min of upper arm occlusion. Forearm …

Brachial Artery Dimensions, Flow-Mediated Reactivity And Physical Function In Older Adults, Christina M. King

LSU Master's Theses

Human aging is associated with deterioration in physical functional ability. The causes are complex and multifactorial, but are presumed to include the presence and extent of cardiovascular disease. Purpose: To examine the associations between brachial artery (BA) dimensions, flow-mediated dilation (BAFMD) and physical function in 28 older adults (age: 84.6±10.9, range 66 to 98 yrs). Methods: High-resolution ultrasonography was used to measure BA diameters at rest and following 5min of forearm occlusion. Physical function was assessed using the Continuous Scale-Physical Function Performance (CS-PFP) test. Results: Pearson correlation revealed that BAFMD (r =-.39), and all physical function parameters of the CS-PFP …

Examining The Relationships Between Ability Conceptions, Intrinsic Motivation, Presistence And Performance, Weidong Li

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between ability conceptions, intrinsic motivation, persistence, and performance using an interaction approach. The phase-one study revealed that participants who were more oriented toward incremental ability beliefs were likely to be more intrinsically motivated. For those who were more intrinsically motivated, they displayed more persistence and obtained better performance scores. Participants who were highly intrinsically motivated had lower performance scores as they were more oriented toward incremental ability beliefs. The phase-two study showed that participants who were more oriented toward incremental views were more intrinsically motivated, which provided evidence supporting the …