Kinesiology Commons^™

Is Steering Practice Task Dependent?, Dale Lewis, Seyed Amirhossein Hosseini, Jacqueline Jenkins

Jacqueline Jenkins

A driving simulation experiment was conducted to examine the performance improvement of participants while conducting a lane keeping task and two lane changing tasks on a straight road. Forty-four participants, sixteen females and twenty-eight males, drove one of three driving conditions. The data was analyzed to test whether 1) practice is better than no practice; 2) practicing a less challenging but similar steering task is good practice for a more challenging steering task; and 3) practicing a more challenging but similar steering task is good practice for a less challenging steering task. The results indicate that practicing the more challenging …

H-Index Is Important For Postural Control For People With Impaired Foot Sole Sensation, Shuqi Zhang, Brad Manor, Li Li

Shuqi Zhang

Introduction: People with Peripheral Neuropathy (PN), especially those with impaired sensory inputs through the small-afferent fiber (type II afferent fibers) reflex loop (SAF), might depend more on the large-afferent fiber (type I afferent fibers) reflex loop (LAF) for postural control.

Purpose: To examine whether the function of the LAF reflex loop, reflected by the H-reflex and ankle joint proprioception, influences postural control when the SAF reflex loop is impaired, as indicated by reduced foot sole cutaneous sensation.

Methods: Thirteen participants (8 women, 5 men) diagnosed with PN and 12 age-matched controls (7 women, 5 men) completed the testing protocol. Measures …

Kinesiology 181-003 Health Education Spring 2015, Dorie Geissler

Dorie Geissler

No abstract provided.

The Impact Of Power Training On Balance And Visual Feedback Removal, Juliana Bouton

Juliana Bouton

Effects Of Two Cognitive-Behavioral Physical Activity And Nutrition Treatments On Psychosocial Predictors Of Changes In Fruit/Vegetable And High-Fat Food Intake, And Weight, James J. Annesi, Monica Nandan, Kristin L. Mcewen

Monica Nandan

Improved mood may increase the consumption of healthy foods and decrease the intake of unhealthy foods. Increased physical activity might improve mood and, thus, eating behaviors. Adults (Mage = 45 years) with severe and morbid obesity (Mbody mass index = 41kg/m2) were randomly assigned to 6 months of either cognitive-behavioral physical activity and nutrition-support methods alone (n = 92), or those methods plus mood regulation training (n = 92). There were significant improvements in physical activity, mood, self-regulation and selfefficacy for controlling eating, and weight that did not differ by group. Improvement in mood was associated with greater fruit/vegetable intake. …

Pkd1 Inhibits Ampk2 Through Phosphorylation Of Serine 491 And Impairs Insulin Signaling In Skeletal Muscle Cells, Kimberly A. Coughlan, Rudy J. Valentine, Bella S. Sudit, Katherine Allen, Yossi Dagon, Barbara B. Kahn, Neil B. Ruderman, Asish K. Saha

Rudy Valentine

Background: Diminished activity of the enzyme AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is associated with impaired insulin signaling.

Results: Protein Kinase (PK)C/D1 activation inhibits AMPK2 via Ser491 phosphorylation; PKD1 inhibition prevents this in skeletal muscle cells.

Conclusion: PKD1 is a novel upstream AMPK-kinase that phosphorylates AMPK on Ser491 and regulates insulin signaling.

Significance: PKD1 inhibition may be a novel strategy for improving insulin sensitivity.

Nutrient Excess And Ampk Downregulation In Incubated Skeletal Muscle And Muscle Of Glucose Infused Rats, Kimberly A. Coughlan, Thomas W. Balon, Rudy J. Valentine, Robert Petrocelli, Vera Schultz, Amana Brandon, Gregory J. Cooney, Edward W. Kraegen, Neil B. Ruderman, Asish K. Saha

Rudy Valentine

We have previously shown that incubation for 1h with excess glucose or leucine causes insulin resistance in rat extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle by inhibiting AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). To examine the events that precede and follow these changes, studies were performed in rat EDL incubated with elevated levels of glucose or leucine for 30min-2h. Incubation in high glucose (25mM) or leucine (100μM) significantly diminished AMPK activity by 50% within 30min, with further decreases occurring at 1 and 2h. The initial decrease in activity at 30min coincided with a significant increase in muscle glycogen. The subsequent decreases at 1h were …

Imoxin Attenuates Lps‐Induced Inflammation And Murf1 Expression In Mouse Skeletal Muscle, Rudy J. Valentine, Matthew A. Jefferson, Marian L. Kohut, Hyeyoon Eo

Rudy Valentine

The double‐stranded RNA‐dependent protein kinase (PKR) contributes to inflammatory cytokine expression and disease pathogenesis in many conditions. Limited data are available on the efficacy of the PKR inhibitor imoxin to prevent lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced inflammation in skeletal muscle in vivo. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of imoxin, a PKR inhibitor, on inflammatory and atrophy signaling in skeletal muscle in response to an acute inflammatory insult with LPS. Six‐week old C57BL/6J mice received vehicle (saline) or 0.5 mg/kg imoxin 24 and 2 h prior to induction of inflammation via 1 mg/kg LPS. Gastrocnemius muscles were collected 24 …

A Single High‐Fat Meal Alters Human Soluble Rage Profiles And Pbmc Rage Expression With No Effect Of Prior Aerobic Exercise, Kelly N.Z. Fuller, Rudy J. Valentine, Edwin R. Miranda, Prabhakaran Kumar, Bellur S. Prabhakar, Jacob M. Haus

Rudy Valentine

A high‐fat diet can induce inflammation and metabolic diseases such as diabetes and atherosclerosis. The receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) plays a critical role in metabolic disease pathophysiology and the soluble form of the receptor (sRAGE) can mitigate these effects. However, little is known about RAGE in the postprandial condition and the effect of exercise in this context. Thus, we aimed to determine the effects of a single high‐fat meal (HFM) with and without prior exercise on peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) RAGE biology. Healthy males (n = 12) consumed a HFM on two occasions, one without prior …

Strength, But Not Direction, Of Handedness Is Related To Height, Ruth E. Propper, Tad T. Brunyé, Karly Frank, Sean E. Mcgraw

Ruth Propper

Left-handers are reputed to be shorter than right-handers. However, previous research has confounded handedness direction (left- versus right-handedness) with handedness strength (consistency with which one hand is chosen across a variety of tasks; consistent- versus inconsistent-handedness). Here, we support a relationship between handedness strength, but not direction, and stature, with increasing inconsistent-handedness associated with increasing self-reported height.

Lateralized Difference In Tympanic Membrane Temperature: Emotion And Hemispheric Activity, Ruth E. Propper, Tad T. Brunyé

Ruth Propper

We review literature examining relationships between tympanic membrane temperature (TMT), affective/motivational orientation, and hemispheric activity. Lateralized differences in TMT might enable real-time monitoring of hemispheric activity in real-world conditions, and could serve as a corroborating marker of mental illnesses associated with specific affective dysregulation. We support the proposal that TMT holds potential for broadly indexing lateralized brain physiology during tasks demanding the processing and representation of emotional and/or motivational states, and for predicting trait-related affective/motivational orientations. The precise nature of the relationship between TMT and brain physiology, however, remains elusive. Indeed the limited extant research has sampled different participant populations …

Asymmetry In Resting Alpha Activity: Effects Of Handedness, Ruth E. Propper, Jenna Pierce, Mark W. Geisler, Stephen D. Christman, Nathan Bellorado

Ruth Propper

Frontal electroencephalographic (EEG) alpha band power during rest shows increased right, and/or decreased left, hemisphere activity under conditions of state or trait withdrawal-associated effect. Non-right-handers (NRH) are more likely to have mental illnesses and dispositions that involve such withdrawal-related effect. The aim of the study was to examine whether NRH might be characterized by increased right, relative to left, hemisphere activity during rest. Methods: The present research investigated that hypothesis by examining resting EEG alpha power in consistently-right-handed (CRH) and NRH individuals. Results: In support of the hypothesis, NRH demonstrated decreased right hemisphere alpha power, and therefore increased right hemisphere …

Getting A Grip On Memory: Unilateral Hand Clenching Alters Episodic Recall, Ruth E. Propper, Sean E. Mcgraw, Tad T. Brunyé

Ruth Propper

Unilateral hand clenching increases neuronal activity in the frontal lobe of the contralateral hemisphere. Such hand clenching is also associated with increased experiencing a given hemisphere’s “mode of processing.” Together, these findings suggest that unilateral hand clenching can be used to test hypotheses concerning the specializations of the cerebral hemispheres during memory encoding and retrieval. We investigated this possibility by testing the effects of a unilateral hand clenching on episodic memory. The hemispheric Encoding/Retrieval Asymmetry (HERA) model proposes left prefrontal regions are associated with encoding, and right prefrontal regions with retrieval, of episodic memories. It was hypothesized that right-hand clenching …

A Combined Fmri And Dti Examination Of Functional Language Lateralization And Arcuate Fasciculus Structure: Effects Of Degree Versus Direction Of Hand Preference Author Links Open Overlay Panel, Ruth E. Propper, Lauren J. O'Donnell, Stephen Whalen, Yanmei Tie, Isaiah Norton, Ralph O. Suarez, Lilla Zollei, Alireza Radmanesh, Alexandra Golby

Ruth Propper

The present study examined the relationship between hand preference degree and direction, functional language lateralization in Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas, and structural measures of the arcuate fasciculus. Results revealed an effect of degree of hand preference on arcuate fasciculus structure, such that consistently-handed individuals, regardless of the direction of hand preference, demonstrated the most asymmetric arcuate fasciculus, with larger left versus right arcuate, as measured by DTI. Functional language lateralization in Wernicke’s area, measured via fMRI, was related to arcuate fasciculus volume in consistent-left-handers only, and only in people who were not right hemisphere lateralized for language; given the …

Yoga And The Ability To Counteract Negative Effects Of Stress And Trauma, Allison R. Steinwand, Staci L. Born

Staci Born

Many individuals today struggle with the effects of chronic stress, whether due to social and environmental factors or as a result of trauma embedded in their psychophysiology. Research has demonstrated that once an individual endures a traumatic event, there are undesirable changes that occur in the brain and body It is of the utmost importance that mental health counselors consider the relationship between the body and mind. The purpose of this paper is to describe the negative impact traumatic experiences and chronic stress has on the brain and body. Furthermore, the ways in which yoga practice can mitigate trauma symptoms …

Effect Of Exercise Position On Percent Changes In Serratus Anterior Muscle Thickness, Joseph M. Day

Joseph M. "Matt" Day

Objective: A reliable method for measuring SA thickness with ultrasound imaging has been reported, yet the ability to detect differences in levels of contractility has yet to be established. The purpose of this study was to determine if there are differences in the percent change in thickness of the SA during four different exercise positions performed by healthy individuals.

Design: Observational study

Setting: Laboratory

Participants: Twenty-eight healthy participants, mean age 26 (SD 4, 57% female, 100% right handed)

Methods: Volunteers were positioned in a standardized sitting posture and anatomical landmarks were marked for ultrasound probe positioning. Two resting and two …

A Cross-Training Program Does Not Alter Self-Reported Physical Activity Levels In Elementary School Children, Melody L. White, Matthew S. Renfrow, Richard S. Farley, Dana K. Fuller, Brandi M. Eveland-Sayers, Jennifer L. Caputo

Brandi M. Eveland-Sayers

International Journal of Exercise Science 11(5): 308-318, 2018. The purpose of the study was to examine the effects of a school-based cross-training program on body mass index (BMI), attitudes toward physical activity (ATPA), and physical activity (PA) levels of children in the 4^th and 5^th grades. Children (N = 118) were divided into control (n = 60) and experimental (n = 58) groups based on class availability. While the control group continued academic classes as usual, the experimental group participated in cross-training involving resistance training (RT), calisthenics, and stretching twice a week for 10 weeks. …