Kinesiology Commons^™

The Effects Of Low Volume High-Intensity Interval Training Vs. Moderate-Intensity Interval Training With Blood Flow Restriction On Body Composition, Hormone Concentration, And Arterial Elasticity In Overweight And Obese Male Adults, Alexis Lopez

Theses and Dissertations

PURPOSE: This study compared the effects of HIIT and MIIT+BFR on the adaptations in body composition, salivary hormone concentration, peak oxygen uptake, anaerobic parameters, and arterial elasticity in young overweight and obese male adults.

RESULTS: There was a significant increase in total BMC (p<0.01), leg BMC (p<0.05), and trunk BMC (p<0.05) from baseline in response to HIIT. MIIT+BFR significantly increased LFM/TFM Ratio from baseline (p<0.01). HIIT significantly decreased AIx@75 (p<0.05) and CI (p<0.05). There was a significant increase in ISO 180o Away (p<0.05), Thor Begin. (p<0.01), and Thor Mid. (p<0.05) in response to HIIT. MIIT+BFR had a superior increase in Thor Mid. (p<0.05) and significantly increased ISO 180o Toward (p<0.01), VO2peak (p<0.05), and VO2peak:Time (p<0.05). In the last training session, HIIT significantly increased salivary leptin (p<0.05), but MIIT+BFR had a superior increase in salivary leptin (p<0.01) from pre- to post exercise.

CONCLUSION: HIIT significantly improved total BMC, leg BMC, trunk BMC, and AIx@75 but decreased CI from baseline. HIIT increased quad muscle strength, whereas MIIT+BFR increased hamstring muscle strength. HIIT and MIIT+BFR significantly increased peak torque in Thor Mid and salivary leptin. Only MIIT+BFR significantly improved VO2peak.

Body Composition, Muscular Strength, Arterial Stiffness, And Hemodynamics Responses To Various Training Protocols In Young Males, Jorge Bejar

Theses and Dissertations

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of 8 weeks performing various resistance training protocols with and without blood flow restriction (BFR) on muscular strength, body composition, arterial elasticity, and hemodynamics responses in young males.

RESULTS: Significant time*condition interactions occurred in HR period (p <0.05), HDI SBP (p <0.05), HDI MAP (p <0.05), and SV (p <0.05). Trends for time*condition interactions were found in HDI DBP (p=0.054), HDI HR (p=0.051), and HDI SVR (p=0.085). Significant time main effects occurred in all strength measures (p <0.05). Significant condition main effects occurred in Aortic DBP (p <0.05), Brachial DBP (p <0.05), and LAE (p <0.05). Total lean mass significantly increased from baseline the HI condition only (p<0.05).

CONCLUSION: Significant improvements in lean mass were seen following the HI and BFR protocols. However, decreases in LAE were found following the HI protocol only. It appears that performing aerobic exercise after resistance training can negatively affect muscle growth. However, only 15 min of moderate-intensity aerobic training can improve hemodynamics in young, …

Postprandial Hemodynamics In Hispanics With And Without A Family History Of Type 2 Diabetes, Gabriel Alejandro Figueroa

Theses and Dissertations

Hispanics of the Rio Grande Valley (RGV) have the highest rates of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) in the country, conditions often associated with cardiovascular disease and increased mortality. This study investigated the physiological factors affecting postprandial hemodynamic responses differently between FH+ and FH- groups. Thirty-one healthy Hispanic individuals volunteered in this study. Overall, FH+ individuals had higher pressures at rest compared to FH-, However, these differences were not statistically significant. When controlling for blood chemistries such as blood glucose, cholesterol, lipoproteins, and triglycerides, family history appears to have no effect on fasted or postprandial hemodynamics and pulse wave …

Comparing Various Physiological System Adaptations Following 8 Weeks Of Resistance Training With Or Without Bfr In Older Males, Ricardo Parra

Theses and Dissertations

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of 8 weeks of resistance exercise training with and without BFR on: 1), arterial elasticity and hemodynamics (e.g., blood pressure and resting heart rate), 2) muscular force production (e.g., maximal voluntary contraction, force production, electromyography, and estimated one-repetition maximum) in males between the 50 to 70 years of age.

RESULTS: Significant condition difference for reflection magnitude occurred in BFR group (p < 0.05). Significant time*condition effect occurred in Leg Press 1RM, Leg Extension 1RM, Leg Curl 1RM, Chest Press 1RM, and Shoulder Press 1RM (p < 0.05). Significant condition* time interaction occurred for Isokinetic Leg Extension Test (60°/s) (p < 0.05). A significant time*condition interaction occurred during Maximal Voluntary Contraction (MVC) – Root Mean Square for both vastus medialis and vastus lateralis (p < 0.05). A significant time main effect occurred in the BFR group for the amplitude mean of the MVC in the vastus medialis and vastus lateralis (p < 0.05). A significant time main effect occurred for median frequency of the MVC (p < 0.05). A significant difference in Estimated Visceral Adipose Tissue occurred in the BFR group (p < 0.05). A significant condition*time interaction occurred in arm fat percentage (p < 0.05). The BFR group had significantly less fat tissue (%) in the left arm (p < 0.01) and in the right arm (p = 0.04). A significant time*main effect occurred in the total lean tissue for the left side of the body (p = 0.04).

CONCLUSION: Using BFR resistance training at a low intensity can achieve similar adaptations seen at high intensities while reducing the risk of injury that comes with heavier loads.

Relationship Between Cognitive Performance, Physical Activity, And Socio-Demographic/ Individual Characteristics Among Aging Americans, Imtiaz Masfique Dowllah

Theses and Dissertations

Despite the attenuation of association following adjustments for covariates, participants who engaged in 3–6 hr/wk of vigorous- and > 1 hr/wk of moderate-intensity PA scored significantly higher in tests that assessed executive function and processing speed domains of cognition compared to inactive peers (η2 = 0.005 & 0.007 respectively, p < 0.05). Also, after adjustment, the effects of 1–3 hr/wk of vigorous-intensity PA became trivial for the delayed recall memory domain test scores (β = 0.33; 95% CI: –0.01, 0.67; η2 = 0.002; p = 0.56). There was no clear dose-response relationship between the cognitive test scores and weekly moderate-intensity PA. Interestingly, higher handgrip strength and higher late-life body-mass-index were associated with a higher performance across all cognitive domains. Observed associations provide evidence linking habitual PA with superior cognition health among older adults. Furthermore, increased muscle strength and higher late-life adiposity may …

The Acute Effects Of Warm-Up With And Without Blood Flow Restriction Cuffs On Lower Body Temperature, Flexibility, And Vertical Jump Power, Phillipe Thomas Lopez

Theses and Dissertations

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of blood flow restriction warmups (BFR-WU) on skin temperature (ST), range of motion (ROM), and vertical jump (VJ) performance.

Methods: Forty-seven participants performed WU’s with unilateral BFR application. Each participant took part in five different WU durations. Measurements of ST, ROM, VJ were taken at baseline, post-WU, and post-8min.

Results: Significant conditions main effect (p<0.05), condition*time (p<0.05), WUduration*condition (p<0.01), and conditions*time*sex interactions (p<0.05) were found by repeated measures ANOVA.

Conclusion: The current findings reveal that BFR-WU’s react differently throughout time, when compared to NBFR-WU, for ST and VJ performance, but not ROM. The length of duration was only significant …

The Correlation Among Metabolic Syndrome Risk Factors, Hemodynamics, And Arterial Elasticity In Hispanic College Students, Paloma J. Mendoza

Theses and Dissertations

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation among MetS risk factors, hemodynamics, and arterial elasticity in Hispanic students attending The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley.

RESULTS: Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and fasting glucose (GLU) were the only components of MetS that had a significant correlation with large arterial elasticity (SPB: males: -.477 and females: -.503; DBP: females: -.300; p

CONCLUSION: MetS risk factors significantly correlated with both arterial elasticity and hemodynamic components. Uniquely in this population, waist circumference and systemic vascular resistance was reversely associated.

The Relationship Between The Distance Of An External Focus Of Attention And Lower Body Power In Rugby Athletes, Donald Pump

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this investigation is to examine the relationship between the distance effect on power output during countermovement jumps in Rugby athletes. Hypothesis Testing was conducted utilizing a Repeated Measures Analysis of Variance (RM ANOVA) at a .05 significance level. A Pairwise comparison was conducted to determine if one variable had a greater amount of quantitative property. Statistical insignificance was determined after all data was analyzed Results were unable to show a positive relationship between the distance of an external focus of attention and lower body power output in rugby athletes.

Improving The Active Straight Leg Raise By Active And Passive Partner Assisted Stretching, Cortney R. Payne

Theses and Dissertations

The Functional Movement Screen has been a very popular tool for assessing athlete’s movements and predicting future risk of injury. In the hierarchy of this screen, the active straight leg raise reigns supreme. They have shown that improvements in this movement correlate to improvements in other movements but not vise versa. It is important to find a way to quickly improve this functional movement, so it can be utilized in group settings to help potentially reduce the risk of injury in athletes. The findings of this study will serve to be valuable in sports injury and improvement in performance. The …

The Acute Effects Of Resistance Exercise With Blood Flow Restriction Versus Traditional Resistance Exercise On Arterial Compliance And Energy Expenditure In Recreationally Active Males And Females, Danny D. Dominguez

Theses and Dissertations

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate the acute effects of various intensities of volume matched resistance exercise with blood flow restriction (BFR) and traditional resistance exercise on hemodynamic variables, arterial compliance, oxygen consumption (VO2), carbon dioxide production (VCO2), respiratory exchange ratio (RER), and energy expenditure (EE) during exercise and after exercise.

RESULTS: Significant condition main effects (p < 0.05) were found for RPE, HR, crPWV, fdPWV, LAE, SAE, TVI, RER during and postexercise. BFR25 cause greater increases in RPE and HR. BFR50 caused marked increases in SAE, crPWV, and fdPWV.

CONCLUSION: All BFR and traditional exercise conditions found no significant differences in EE, VCO2, and VO2. The lack of differences is likely due to time of protocol. Further protocols should implement greater time of exercise, as BFR had increased hemodynamic …

The Effects Of A Short-Term Endurance Training Program With Blood Flow Restriction Cuffs Versus Acsm Recommended Endurance Training On Arterial Compliance And Muscular Adaptations In Recreationally Active Males, Brittany N. Esparza

Theses and Dissertations

RESULTS: Significant time and group interaction found in cardiac ejection time (p<.05). Significant condition difference between blood flow restriction (BFR) and control for heart rate (HR) max (p=.05) and maximum oxygen consumption (VO2) (p<.05). Significant time difference found in pulse wave velocity femoral to distal (p<.05). Significant repetition main effect (p<.01) for root mean square (RMS) and median frequency (MDF) of Thorstensson. Significant time and group interaction in vastus lateralis of MDF (p<.01). Significant repetition main effect for RMS and MDF ratio (p<.01) Significant time and repetition interaction in vastus lateralis of RMS ratio (p<.03)

CONCLUSION: The BFR session showed improvement in both post HR max and post VO2 in comparison to the control group. This may have been caused by increased tolerance to pain/metabolic by-products for HR and increased efficiency at extracting oxygen for VO2

Neuromuscular And Arterial Compliance Responses To Different Resistance Training Frequencies And Protocols, Patrick Murphy

Theses and Dissertations

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of blood flow restriction and resistance training on arterial elasticity, EMG activity, and strength indices among sedentary to recreationally active females who completed 6 weeks of resistance training.

RESULTS: Significant time*condition interactions occurred in LE-1RM (p

CONCLUSION: The research group(s), 1–2 days/week with and without blood flow restriction, may increase training adaptations and responses parallel to the control group (3 days/week). There appears to be no differences in arterial compliance between groups.

The Acute Effects Of Aerobic Exercise With Blood Flow Restriction Cuffs On Arterial Compliance In Males And Females, Maria M. Gonzalez

Theses and Dissertations

RESULTS: Significant condition*gender interactions found in in SBP (p<.05), PR (p<.01), SVR (p<.01), SpO2 (p<.05), PWV carotid to femoral (p<.03), and PWV femoral to distal (p<.02). Significant condition*time interactions were found in SBP (p<.01), DBP (p<.01), MAP (p<.01), SV (p<.01), CO (p<.01), SVR (p<.01), TVI (p<.01), HR (p<.01), and SAE (p<.01). Significant condition main effects were found in SBP (p<.02), DBP (p<.03), PR (p<.03), SV (p<.01), CO (p=.01), SVR (p<.01), TVI (p<.01), HR (p<.01), and SAE (p<.03) as well as a condition trend in PWV femoral to distal (p=.06). Significant time main effects were found in SBP (p<.01), MAP (p<.04), PP (p<.01), PR (p<.01), CO (p<.01), SVR (p<.01), TVI (p<.01), HR (p<.01), SpO2 (p<.01), LAE (p<.03), and PWV femoral to distal (p<.01).

CONCLUSION: The 60 min session at a moderate aerobic intensity might have the potential to improve arterial elasticity more than a 20 min BFR session.

Elementary Educators' Perspective Of Physical Education And The Physical Education Teacher, Jennifer M. Garcia

Theses and Dissertations

Physical education continues to have the reputation it has had for years of being a subject of marginalization and of least importance in the school curriculum. The purpose of this study is to gain a better understanding of the perceptions of educators of physical education and the physical education teacher in the Rio Grande Valley. The researcher attempts to find, understand, and describe the perceptions of the educator’s view of this subject matter. Statistical significance was set at the .05 level for both tests of analyses. The researcher offers the null hypothesis of no difference between educator’s perception of PE …