Kinesiology Commons^™

Electromyographic Changes Before, During, And After The Sticking Point In Dumbbell Bench Press, Frank W. Doyle, Donald V. Fischer

Celebrating Scholarship and Creativity Day (2018-)

PURPOSE: Findings from previous research indicate the electromyographic (EMG) activity of the prime mover muscles in completing a bench press is not significantly different between the pre-sticking, sticking, and post-sticking phases. However, previous research only examined EMG activity during a barbell bench press. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine differences in muscle activation during the pre-sticking, sticking, and post-sticking phases of a six-repetition maximum (6RM) dumbbell bench press. METHODS: Twenty-three (n = 23) resistance-trained males (age, 20.8 ± 1.2 yr; height, 179.8 ± 5.3 cm; body mass, 87.8 ± 15.5 kg; BP 6RM, 87.8 ± 13.0 lb) …

The Effect Of Mindfulness Training On Muscular Endurance Exercise Performance, Mindfulness, And Mental Toughness, Donte Mcgee

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

INTRODUCTION: Mindfulness training is a method of mental training becoming increasingly popular and has been positively associated with mental toughness, which may be valuable in highly fatiguing and stressful activities, like endurance exercise. Mindfulness training has resulted in increased endurance performance, but limited literature exists on a similar modality, muscular endurance exercise. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of an acute bout of mindfulness meditation on muscular endurance performance, mindfulness, and mental toughness. METHODS: Participants (n=24) completed two sessions, a week apart, of three planks until fatigue, with one-minute rest intervals. Immediately following each plank, RPE …

Cortisol Production In Female Soccer Players, Katelyn Seagraves

ASPIRE 2024

Cortisol is released from the adrenal glands when there is an apparent stressor. Exercise, while beneficial, is seen as stress to the body and incites increased cortisol release. Cortisol is known to increase with exercise, and higher-intensity exercise tends to raise cortisol more compared to lower intensities. However, less is known about interval training and cortisol concentrations.

This review of literature dives into the background of cortisol: how it's produced, what systems it regulates, and differences in production based on gender, stressors, exercise intensity, and duration. This paper identifies some knowledge gaps and links training intensities in soccer to cortisol …

Cortisol Production In Female Soccer Players, Katelyn Seagraves

Honors Projects

Cortisol is released from the adrenal glands when there is an apparent stressor. Exercise, while beneficial, is seen as stress to the body and incites increased cortisol release. Cortisol is known to increase with exercise, and higher-intensity exercise tends to raise cortisol more compared to lower intensities. However, less is known about interval training and cortisol concentrations.

This review of literature dives into the background of cortisol: how it's produced, what systems it regulates, and differences in production based on gender, stressors, exercise intensity, and duration. This paper identifies some knowledge gaps and links training intensities in soccer to cortisol …

Running Biomechanics Differ During And After Pregnancy Compared To Females Who Have Never Been Pregnant, Jennifer J. Bagwell, Elizabeth Avila, Nicholas Reynolds, Jo Armour Smith, Kevin Valenzuela, Dimitrios Katsavelis

Physical Therapy Faculty Articles and Research

Background

Perinatal running participation has increased recently; however, pregnancy related symptoms can limit activity. Perinatal running biomechanics could inform interventions to help perinatal individuals maintain an active lifestyle.

Research question

Are perinatal running biomaechanics and muscle activation different compared to nulligravida females?

Methods

Sixteen pregnant participants completed self-selected velocity running during second trimester (2 T), third trimester (3 T), and postpartum (PP) and 16 matched controls completed these procedures once in this case control study. Kinematic, kinetic, and electromyography (EMG) data were collected using a motion capture system, force plates, and EMG electrodes. Peak trunk, pelvis, hip, knee, and ankle …

Inverse Association Between Exercising Blood Pressure Response And Left Ventricular Chamber Size And Mass In Women Who Habitually Resistance Train, Evan L. Matthews, John J. Guers, Meghan G. Ramick, Peter A. Hosick

Kinesiology Faculty Publications

Exercise is a major modifiable lifestyle factor that leads to temporarily increased systolic blood pressure (SBP), which is thought to influence left ventricular mass normalized to body surface area (LVM/BSA). This relationship has never been studied in women who habitually perform resistance exercise. Purpose: To determine if a direct correlation exists between the SBP response to resistance exercise (change from rest; eSBP) and LVM/BSA in young healthy women who habitually resistance train. Methods: Leg extension resistance exercise was performed while continuously monitoring blood pressure using finger plethysmography. LVM was estimated using echocardiography. Data are shown as mean +/- SD. Results: …

Inverse Association Between Exercising Blood Pressure Response And Left Ventricular Chamber Size And Mass In Women Who Habitually Resistance Train, Evan L. Matthews

Research Data

Excel document of research data.

Microvascular Reactivity Is Greater Following Blood Flow Restriction Resistance Exercise Compared To Traditional Resistance Exercise, Michael R. Perlet, Evan L. Matthews

Research Data

Excel document of research data, statistical analysis, and graphs.

A Holistic Approach To Performance Prediction In Collegiate Athletics: Player, Team, And Conference Perspectives, Christopher Taber, S. Sharma, Mehul S. Raval, Samah Senbel, Allison Keefe, Jui Shah, Emma Patterson, Julie K. Nolan, N.S. Artan, Tolga Kaya

Exercise Science Faculty Publications

Predictive sports data analytics can be revolutionary for sports performance. Existing literature discusses players' or teams' performance, independently or in tandem. Using Machine Learning (ML), this paper aims to holistically evaluate player-, team-, and conference (season)-level performances in Division-1 Women's basketball. The players were monitored and tested through a full competitive year. The performance was quantified at the player level using the reactive strength index modified (RSImod), at the team level by the game score (GS) metric, and finally at the conference level through Player Efficiency Rating (PER). The data includes parameters from training, subjective stress, sleep, and recovery (WHOOP …

Multifactorial Exercise Intervention Decreases Falls Risk In High-Risk And Low-Risk Older Adults, Amanda Estep, Steven Morrison, Shane V. Caswell, Jatin P. Ambegaonkar, João R. Vaz, Nelson Cortes

Rehabilitation Sciences Faculty Publications

Background: Each year, 1 in 4 people over the age of 65 years of age will experience a fall. It is important to identify and address modifiable risk factors that are associated with falls in adults at high and low risk for falls.

Hypothesis: Falls risk improves in both high-risk and low-risk participants with the implementation of Stay Active and Independent for Life (SAIL).

Study Design: Cohort study.

Level of Evidence: Level 3.

Methods: Seventy-eight older adults (age, 70.9 ± 5.1 years) were included in this study and categorized into high risk and low risk for falling based on the …

Mechanics Of The Foot And Ankle Joints During Running Using A Multi-Segment Foot Model Compared With A Single-Segment Model, Justin C. Wager, John H. Challis

Exercise Science Faculty Publications

The primary purpose of this study was to compare the ankle joint mechanics, during the stance phase of running, computed with a multi-segment foot model (MULTI; three segments) with a traditional single segment foot model (SINGLE). Traditional ankle joint models define all bones between the ankle and metatarsophalangeal joints as a single rigid segment (SINGLE). However, this contrasts with the more complex structure and mobility of the human foot, recent studies of walking using more multiple-segment models of the human foot have highlighted the errors arising in ankle kinematics and kinetics by using an oversimplified model of the foot. This …

Acute Ingestion Of Dark Chocolate Fails To Affect Running Economy In Recreationally Trained Female Runners, Bianca De Lucia, Beau K. Greer, Christopher B. Taber

PTHMS Graduate Publications

Ingestion of dark chocolate (DC), a dietary source high in flavanols, may increase nitric oxide bioavailability. Elevating blood nitric oxide concentrations may augment metabolic efficiency by reducing the amount of oxygen or energy needed to perform a given task. Utilizing a crossover design, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of acute ingestion of DC on running economy (RE). Nineteen recreationally trained females (age: 20±1 years) volunteered for this investigation, with 16 completing all procedures (n = 16). Two-hours before RE assessment, participants consumed either 42.5 g of DC or an isocaloric amount of white chocolate (WC) …

The Influence Of Habitual Physical Activity And Sedentary Behavior On Objective And Subjective Hot Flashes At Midlife, Sarah Witkowski, Quinn White, Sofiya Shreyer, Daniel E. Brown, Lynette Leidy Sievert

Exercise and Sport Studies: Faculty Publications

The years surrounding the transition to menopause are marked by multiple challenges to health. Hot flashes are a commonly reported symptom of women at this time and their frequency has been associated with disease risk. Regular physical activity and reduced sedentary time are recommended for health and wellbeing. However, the effect of physical activity and sedentary behavior on hot flashes remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate relationships between physical activity, sedentary time and hot flashes during both waking and sleeping periods using concurrent objective and subjective measures of hot flashes in midlife women. METHODS: Women …

Acute Increases In Physical Activity And Temperature Are Associated With Hot Flash Experience In Midlife Women, Sarah Witkowski, Quinn White, Sofiya Shreyer, Randi L. Garcia, Daniel E. Brown, Lynnette Leidy Sievert

Exercise and Sport Studies: Faculty Publications

Objective: This study determined the association between acute changes in physical activity, temperature and humidity and 24-hour subjective and objective hot flash experience.

Methods: Data collection occurred during the cooler months of the year in Western Massachusetts (October-April). Women aged 45-55 across 3 menopause stages (n=270) were instrumented with ambulatory monitors to continuously measure hot flashes, physical activity, temperature and humidity for 24-hours. Objective hot flashes were assessed via sternal skin conductance, and subjective hot flashes were recorded by pressing an event marker and data logging. Physical activity was measured with wrist-worn accelerometers and used to define sleep and wake …

Braking And Propulsion Phase Characteristics Of Traditional And Accentuated Eccentric Loaded Back Squats, Timothy J. Suchomel, Conor J. Cantwell, Brookelyn A. Campbell, Zach S. Schroeder, Lauren K. Marshall, Christopher Taber

Exercise Science Faculty Publications

The purpose of this study was to examine the differences in braking and propulsion force-time characteristics and barbell velocity between traditional (TRAD) and accentuated eccentric loaded (AEL) back squats using various load combinations. Sixteen resistance-trained men participated in four separate testing sessions which included a one repetition maximum (1RM) back squat during the first session and three squat testing sessions. During the squat testing sessions, participants either performed sets of three repetitions of TRAD back squats each with 50, 60, 70, and 80% 1RM or performed the same loads with the addition of weight releasers that increased the total eccentric …

Validation Of Machine Vision And Action Sport Cameras For 3d Motion Analysis Model Reconstruction, John David Johnson, Michael Hales, Randy Emert

Faculty and Research Publications

The study investigated the feasibility of using action sport cameras for motion analysis research. Data acquired from two different marker-based motion capture systems and six different camera combinations were analyzed for motion reconstruction accuracy. Two different calibration procedures were used to determine the influence on marker position reconstruction. Static and dynamic calibration mean merit score differences between the reference and experimental camera systems were 0.4 mm and 1.3 mm, respectively. Angular displacement difference between the reference and experimental camera systems range between 0.1 and 2.0 degrees. A systematic bias (− 0.54 to 0.19 degrees) was determined between the reference and …

Effect Of Exercise Training On Lipoprotein Subclass Particle Concentrations And Sizes In Older Women: Results From A Randomized Controlled Trial, Ryan R. Porter, Joshua R. Sparks, J. Larry Durstine, Sabra S. Custer, Raymond W. Thompson, Xuewen Wang

Faculty Publications

Background: Evidence suggests that lipoprotein subclass particles are critical markers of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Older women have increased CVD risk related to age. The purpose of this study was to determine whether low and moderate doses of exercise influence lipoprotein subclasses. Methods: Women (60–75 years) were randomized into groups for 16 weeks of moderate-intensity exercise training at a low or moderate dose (33.6 and 58.8 kJ/kg body weight weekly, respectively). Lipoprotein subclasses were determined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy before and after the training. RESULTS: The average weekly exercise duration was 109 and 164 min, for low- and moderate-dose …

Trauma Prevalence And Desire For Trauma-Informed Coaching In Collegiate Sports: A Mixed Methods Study, Elizabeth Alma Hertzler-Mccain, Aerin Mcquillen, Shalini Setty, Stephanie Lopez, Erica Tibbetts

Exercise and Sport Studies: Faculty Publications

This study investigated trauma prevalence amongst collegiate student-athletes and openness towards trauma-informed coaching practices among athletes and coaches at two small Division III colleges. Surveys gathered quantitative data from athletes (n = 91) and coaches (n =18) and qualitative data from athletes (n = 33). Quantitative results indicated that 52.7% of athletes experienced at least one potentially traumatic event during their lifetime. The most prevalent trauma was unwanted sexual contact. Additionally, 50.5% of athletes experienced sport-based harassment or abuse during their lifetime, with 21.7% of affected athletes experiencing said abuse in college sports. Athletes reported that 8 out of 10 …

Effects Of Plyometric- And Cycle-Based High-Intensity Interval Training On Body Composition, Aerobic Capacity, And Muscle Function In Young Females: A Field-Based Group Fitness Assessment, A. J. Holmes, M. T. Stratton, A. R. Bailly, J. S. Gottschall, Y. Feito, P. L. Ha, A. Lavigne, K. Persaud, H. L. Gagnon, A. Krueger, A. Modjeski, T. A. Esmat, L. N. Harper, T. A. Vandusseldorp, Garrett Hester

Faculty and Research Publications

High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is an effective alternative to moderate intensity continuous training for improvements in body composition and aerobic capacity; however, there is little work comparing different modalities of HIIT. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of plyometric- (PLYO) and cycle-oriented (CYC) HIIT on body composition, aerobic capacity, and skeletal muscle size, quality, and function in recreationally trained females. Young (21.7 ± 3.1 yrs), recreationally active females were quasi-randomized (1:1 ratio) to 8 weeks of twice weekly PLYO (n = 15) or CYC (n = 15) HIIT. Body composition (four-compartment model), VO_{2peak …}

Effects Of Intermittent Pneumatic Compression Following Eccentric Exercise On Soreness And Heart Rate Variability, Annemarie D. Luzum

Celebrating Scholarship and Creativity Day (2018-)

BACKGROUND: The use of intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC) may provide relief from delayed onset muscle soreness due to strenuous lower body exercise. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of 20 minutes of IPC following strenuous eccentric exercise on heart rate variability (HRV) and perceived soreness (PS). METHODS: 10 subjects (aged 21.2 +/- .4) who did not regularly participate in resistance training completed 2 trials, no less than 1 week apart. Each exercise session consisted of a 5-minute warmup followed by 3 sets of a superset of 5 Nordic hamstring curls (5 seconds eccentric) and isometric split …

Effects Of A Short-Term Mindfulness Meditation On A Battery Of Muscular Fitness In Active College Individuals, Lauren N. Dueland

Celebrating Scholarship and Creativity Day (2018-)

Mindfulness meditation programs of long-term duration have been used by prior research as long-term meditation programs implemented for collegiate athletes. However, there was a lack of short-term based programs and the effects on exercise performance. PURPOSE: To examine the effect of short-term mindfulness meditation effect on exercise performance by examining the effects of mindfulness on strength, power, and endurance exercises. METHODS: Nine college individuals, ages of 20.7±1.0, who were physically active participated in this study. Participants completed pre- and post- exercises of hand grip, vertical jump for height, and plank hold for time. Participants were randomly assigned to either complete …

Dynamic Transcriptomic Responses Of Circulating Immune Cells In Response To Subsequent Days Of Exercise Heat Stress, Soohyun Oh

University Scholar Projects

Acute exercise and chronic training have diverse effects on immune function that are still not well understood. There are remaining questions about how an acute bout of exercise, competition, or repeated training over a period affects an individual’s immune defense system. In a related study, there is evidence that acute exercise may serve as an adjuvant to enhance response to immune function as well as contradicting evidence, including our preliminary data (unpublished). Understanding the fundamental function and gene expression of circulating immune cells in response to acute exercise and in various contexts such as heat stress is critical in understanding …

The Effect Of Running On The Onset And Development Of Osteoarthritis, Jordan Hekman

Senior Honors Theses

Osteoarthritis is a prominent and debilitating form of joint disease characterized by pain and deterioration of the articular cartilage and other tissues in the affected joint. Research has identified a variety of risk factors for osteoarthritis, including age, obesity, gender, previous injury, and occupation. The relationship between running and osteoarthritis is a topic of particular interest because of the prevalence of running as a simple and physiologically beneficial form of exercise. Increasing evidence suggests that recreational running has at worst no effect and at best a protective effect on joint and articular cartilage health in contrast to high-intensity professional/elite-level running …

Impact Of Physical Activity Levels On College Student Depression, Anxiety, And Stress, Sophia R. Sullivan Almquist

Celebrating Scholarship and Creativity Day (2018-)

A moderate to high prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress have been found in undergraduate students. Physical activity has been shown to decrease anxiety, depression, and stress. Examining the impacts of physical activity on the mental health of college students might show to be beneficial. PURPOSE: To assess if self-reported physical activity levels impact depression, anxiety, and stress levels in college students. METHODS: A total of 92 college students from private institutions in central Minnesota completed an online survey. The survey collected demographics including age, gender, height, weight, and year in school. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was used …

Burnout And Overtraining In Division 1 Female Soccer Athletes, Catharine Forst

Longwood Senior Theses

Burnout, a commonly studied phenomenon in college athletics, has been a major concern college athletes while overtraining, also a frequent concern in athletics, lacks specific research and connection to burnout. The purpose of this study was to see if overtraining or burnout occurred in D1 female soccer players and the possible factors/trends that might contribute. A self-report survey was completed weekly by the 34 D1 female soccer players, which assessed sleep quality (SPQI), quality of life (QOL), academic load, soccer evaluation (ABQ), and mood states (POMS). Bi-weekly heart rate variability (HRV) was assessed for 3 minutes at rest, and a …

Csb Student-Athlete Mental Health Promotion, Ally Frantzick

Celebrating Scholarship and Creativity Day (2018-)

No abstract provided.

Fuel Your Fitness, Payton Carpenter

Senior Seminar Papers

Caffeinated beverages are incredibly popular for improving mental acuity and exercise performance, and their ergogenic effects have been thoroughly studied. For our research project, we wanted to study the effects of caffeine, specifically caffeinated energy drinks, on muscular endurance. There are hundreds of energy drinks on the market with varying ingredients in addition to caffeine that claim to have substantial physiological benefits, so when choosing energy drinks for the study, we chose Alani Nu and Celsius because of the similarities in marketing strategies, ingredients, and serving size. We asked this questions: is there a significant difference in muscular endurance when …

Meditation And Action Observation Effect On Putting Performance, Austin Tyler Webb, Tanner Burris, Trafton Houck

Senior Seminar Papers

The understanding of meditation and action observations effect on performance can be extremely beneficial for sporting success. A new method of preparation could be the deciding factor of the next national champion, Master’s winner, or NFL dynasty. Psychological factors have not been thoroughly studied, and any science in this field is still new. Because of the infancy of this field, there are a lot of unknowns about the effectiveness of a physiological routine on performance.

The Effects Of Creatine Monohydrate Supplementation On Anaerobic Performance, Ava G. Swart

Celebrating Scholarship and Creativity Day (2018-)

Multiple studies have been conducted on the effect of creatine monohydrate supplementation on muscular strength. However, evidence of the effect of creatine supplementation on anaerobic performance is less clear. PURPOSE: To determine if creatine supplementation impacts sprint speed and vertical jump height. METHODS: 10 females and 9 males (N=19) aged 21 ± 0 from the College of Saint Benedict and Saint John’s University participated in this randomized single blind study. Participants ingested creatine monohydrate or a placebo for 21 days and were tested on days 1, 6, 14, and 21. Day one tests were completed prior to the consumption of …

New Perspectives On Foot Segment Forces And Joint Kinetics - Integrating Plantar Shear Stresses And Pressures With Multi-Segment Foot Modeling, Dustin A. Bruening, Spencer R. Petersen, Sarah T. Ridge

Faculty Publications

The role of the foot in gait is not well understood, in part due to challenges in capturing and utilizing segmental ground reaction forces. The purposes of this study were to 1) develop methodology to integrate plantar pressure/shear stresses with a multi-segment foot model, and 2) generate and display key normative data from this combined system. Twenty-six young healthy adults walked barefoot (1.3 m/s) across a pressure/shear sensor with markers matching a published 4-segment kinetic foot model. A novel anatomical/geometric masking method was developed that successfully separated regions aligned with model segmentation. This template-based method can be automated and customized …