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Articles 1 - 9 of 9
Full-Text Articles in Genetics and Genomics
Characterizing Mekk1: Candidate Behavioural Isolation Gene, Caryn Dooner
Characterizing Mekk1: Candidate Behavioural Isolation Gene, Caryn Dooner
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Behavioural isolation can occur due to divergence in aspects of courtship and mating, and can contribute to reproductive isolation. The purpose of this study is to determine how a gene, Mekk1, contributes to female rejection behaviour between D. melanogaster and D. simulans. Unique polymorphisms were identified within D. simulans Mekk1 that could contribute to behaviour, most of which are non-coding. Both transcripts of Mekk1 appear to be expressed at similar levels in D. simulans and D. melanogaster. These data also indicate that Mekk1 may be expressed in a specific region of the brain called the mushroom body, …
A Combined Computational Strategy Of Sequence And Structural Analysis Predicts The Existence Of A Functional Eicosanoid Pathway In Drosophila Melanogaster, Michael Scarpati
A Combined Computational Strategy Of Sequence And Structural Analysis Predicts The Existence Of A Functional Eicosanoid Pathway In Drosophila Melanogaster, Michael Scarpati
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
With increased understanding of their roles in signal transduction and metabolism, eicosanoids have emerged as important players in human health and disease. Mammalian prostanoids and related lipid mediators perform varied functions in different tissues and organs. Synthesized through the oxygenation of C20 polyunsaturated fatty acids, mammalian eicosanoids are both pro- and anti-inflammatory. The physiological contexts in which eicosanoid family members act at the cellular level are not well understood. In this study, we examined whether the genome of Drosophila melanogaster, a powerful model for innate immunity and inflammation, codes for the enzymes required for eicosanoid biosynthesis. We report the …
Retrotransposons Are The Major Contributors To The Expansion Of The Drosophila Ananassae Muller F Element, Wilson Leung, Martin G. Burg, Spencer M. Batten, Lindsay M. Corbeill, Erica Enoch, Jesse J. Ensign, Mary E. Franks, Breanna Haiker, Judith A. Ingles, Lyndsay D. Kirkland, Josha M. Lorenz-Guertin, Jordan Matthews, Cody M. Mittig, Nicholaus Monsma, Katherine J. Olson, Guillermo Perez-Aragon, Alen Ramic, Jordan R. Ramirez, Christopher Scheiber, Patrick A. Schneider, Devon E. Schultz, Matthew Simon, Eric Spencer, Adam C. Wernette, Maxine E. Wykle, Elizabeth Zavala-Arellano, Mitchell J. Mcdonald, Kristine Ostby, Peter Wendland
Retrotransposons Are The Major Contributors To The Expansion Of The Drosophila Ananassae Muller F Element, Wilson Leung, Martin G. Burg, Spencer M. Batten, Lindsay M. Corbeill, Erica Enoch, Jesse J. Ensign, Mary E. Franks, Breanna Haiker, Judith A. Ingles, Lyndsay D. Kirkland, Josha M. Lorenz-Guertin, Jordan Matthews, Cody M. Mittig, Nicholaus Monsma, Katherine J. Olson, Guillermo Perez-Aragon, Alen Ramic, Jordan R. Ramirez, Christopher Scheiber, Patrick A. Schneider, Devon E. Schultz, Matthew Simon, Eric Spencer, Adam C. Wernette, Maxine E. Wykle, Elizabeth Zavala-Arellano, Mitchell J. Mcdonald, Kristine Ostby, Peter Wendland
Peer Reviewed Articles
The discordance between genome size and the complexity of eukaryotes can partly be attributed to differences in repeat density. The Muller F element (∼5.2 Mb) is the smallest chromosome in Drosophila melanogaster, but it is substantially larger (>18.7 Mb) in D. ananassae. To identify the major contributors to the expansion of the F element and to assess their impact, we improved the genome sequence and annotated the genes in a 1.4-Mb region of the D. ananassae F element, and a 1.7-Mb region from the D element for comparison. We find that transposons (particularly LTR and LINE retrotransposons) …
Retrotransposons Are The Major Contributors To The Expansion Of The Drosophila Ananassae Muller F Element, Wilson Leung, Gerard Mcneil
Retrotransposons Are The Major Contributors To The Expansion Of The Drosophila Ananassae Muller F Element, Wilson Leung, Gerard Mcneil
Publications and Research
The discordance between genome size and the complexity of eukaryotes can partly be attributed to differences in repeat density. The Muller F element (5.2 Mb) is the smallest chromosome in Drosophila melanogaster, but it is substantially larger (.18.7 Mb) in D. ananassae. To identify the major contributors to the expansion of the F element and to assess their impact, we improved the genome sequence and annotated the genes in a 1.4-Mb region of the D. ananassae F element, and a 1.7-Mb region from the D element for comparison. We find that transposons (particularly LTR and LINE retrotransposons) are major contributors …
Cellular/Molecular Analysis Of Interspecies Sterile Male Hybrids In Drosophila, Rachelle L. Kanippayoor
Cellular/Molecular Analysis Of Interspecies Sterile Male Hybrids In Drosophila, Rachelle L. Kanippayoor
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Over time, genetic differences can accumulate between populations that are geographically separated. This genetic divergence can lead to the evolution of reproductive isolating mechanisms that reduce gene flow between the populations and, upon secondary contact, result in distinct species. The process of speciation is, thus, what accounts for the multitude of species that contribute to the rich biodiversity on Earth. Interspecies hybrid sterility is a postzygotic isolating mechanism that affects the development of hybrids, rendering them sterile. A notable trend, known as Haldane's Rule, describes that heterogametic individual (e.g. males in Drosophila) are more susceptible to sterility than homogametic …
Examining The Neuronal Dopaminergic Pathway Underlying Sleep Behavior And Related Dopamine Sleep Disorders, Mary Beth Putz
Examining The Neuronal Dopaminergic Pathway Underlying Sleep Behavior And Related Dopamine Sleep Disorders, Mary Beth Putz
Undergraduate Honors Theses
The human brain is an extremely complex organ with approximately 100 billion different neurons that are constantly sending and receiving messages. These messages are sent using the chemical messengers of the brain: neurotransmitters and neuromodulators. Mechanisms of neural control of sleep are substantially conserved across species. Evidence from multiple animal models including flies, zebrafish, and mice shows that the arousal, or wake phase, is regulated by conserved neuromodulators such as dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin. Since these neurotransmitter systems are distributed throughout the brain and sub-serve many functions in addition to sleep, the precise circuit mechanisms by which these neurotransmitters regulate …
Genetics Of Female Interspecific Mate Rejection In Species Of Drosophila, Ryan Calhoun
Genetics Of Female Interspecific Mate Rejection In Species Of Drosophila, Ryan Calhoun
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Speciation can occur when accumulated differences in mating behavior force diverging species to remain reproductively isolated from one another. A key determinant of behavioural isolation is the evolution of female mating preferences that prevent interspecific males from mating. However, no individual genes involved in species-specific preferences of females have yet been identified. Using various genetic mapping techniques available for studying strains and species of Drosophila, I identify candidate genes involved in D. simulans female discrimination against D. melanogaster males. One candidate gene in particular, Katanin-60, was selected for further characterization. Katanin-60 is a gene encoding a microtubule severing …
A Genetic Analysis Of Nuclear Functions Of The Lipin Protein In Drosophila Melanogaster, Xeniya Rudolf
A Genetic Analysis Of Nuclear Functions Of The Lipin Protein In Drosophila Melanogaster, Xeniya Rudolf
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Lipins are a family of proteins that have critical functions in the control of fat storage and energy homeostasis. Biochemically, lipins have two functions. They provide an enzymatic activity (phosphatidate phosphatase or PAP activity) in the glycerol-3 phosphate pathway that leads to the production of storage fats (triacylglycerols). In addition, they play a role in the regulation of genes in the cell nucleus as transcriptional co-regulators. The PAP activity of lipins has been widely studied in a number of organisms. However, the transcriptional co-regulator function is not as well described in the literature. The transcriptional function of lipins depends on …
Sumo Regulates The Activity Of Smoothened And Costal-2 In Drosophila Hedgehog Signaling, Jie Zhang, Yajuan Liu, Kai Jiang, Jianhang Jia
Sumo Regulates The Activity Of Smoothened And Costal-2 In Drosophila Hedgehog Signaling, Jie Zhang, Yajuan Liu, Kai Jiang, Jianhang Jia
Markey Cancer Center Faculty Publications
In Hedgehog (Hh) signaling, the GPCR-family protein Smoothened (Smo) acts as a signal transducer that is regulated by phosphorylation and ubiquitination, which ultimately change the cell surface accumulation of Smo. However, it is not clear whether Smo is regulated by other post-translational modifications, such as sumoylation. Here, we demonstrate that knockdown of the small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) pathway components Ubc9 (a SUMO-conjugating enzyme E2), PIAS (a SUMO-protein ligase E3), and Smt3 (the SUMO isoform in Drosophila) by RNAi prevents Smo accumulation and alters Smo activity in the wing. We further show that Hh-induced-sumoylation stabilizes Smo, whereas desumoylation by Ulp1 …