Forest Sciences Commons^™

The Effect Of Various Concentrations Of Alkali With The Adsorption Of Calcium Ions Onto Oleic Acid, Thomas J. Mcapline

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

The purpose of this thesis was to find an optimum condition for the formation of the precipitated calcium soaps. The system investigated included the range of alkali addition of 0 to 1.2 pounds per one hundred gallons (#/100 gal.). A direct relationship between the adsorption with an increasing alkali concentration to a maximum of 145 parts per million calcium ion adsorbed to 833.5 ppm oleic acid when .225 (#/100 gal.) is applied. It shows that any higher concentration of an alkali will level out the maximum calcium adsorption to approximately 140 ppm.

It was also found that the alkali demand …

Comparative Study Of Flotation And Sidehill Washing Stages In Deinking Coated Magazine Stock, Joseph M. Korepta

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

This is a study comparing the effectiveness of removing ink particles, consumption of water, and the retention of coating and/or filler pigments in deinked pulp between the flotation washing method and the counter-current sidehill washing method. Coated magazine waste paper was deinked using 5.3% Sodium Hydroxide at 190°F. The washing stage of both methods was carried out at a .9% consistency and a temperature of 30°C. The results of the study indicate that the flotation method of washing deinked pulp removed the majority of ink particles but did not remove the coating and filler pigments. The …

The Effects Of Temperature On Retention, Michael D. Holt

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

The purpose of this thesis was to study the effects of temperature and concentration of retention aids on retention. This had been a debatable issue between northern and southern paper mills because of their temperature differences.

The retention studies were performed with the dynamic drainage jar and the pilot paper machine at Western Michigan University with good agreement in both cases.

It was found that increasing temperature when using different retention aids had a considerable effect on first-pass retention. The effect of temperature on retention was found to depend on the ionic charge of the retention aid. The cationic polymer …

The Effects Of Ph On Alkali-Swellable Latex Binder Coating Systems, Larry N. Justen

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Introduction

In recent years there has been a growing demand for the use of synthetic latexes as sole binders in coating formulations. This had been brought about by the shortage of supply and changing prices of natural binders like casein and protein. Synthetic latex binders require no cooking; this increased energy saving over starch becomes more important as fuel prices rise. Synthetic latex systems are easy to handle and they can be combined easily to fit different requirements.

Most synthetic latex systems need a thickener and water retention aid to achieve the right viscosity and flow properties. The new alkali-swellable …

The Effects Of Variable Double Disk Refining Action On Sheet And Fiber Properties, Gary Flohr

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

The purpose of this project was to evaluate several operating variables of the newly installed Western Michigan University Jones DD 3000 refiner. The operating variables were refiner load in amperes, throughput rate in gallons per minute, and disk speed in revolutions per minute.

On the fiber level, Canadian Standard Freeness was most dependent upon the load and somewhat less dependent upon the tonnage rate and speed. The tonnages used were 4.8, 9.6, and 14.4 T/D. At 9.6 T/D, the refiner used the least HPD/T per 100 ml C.S.F. drop throughout the 300-500 ml C.S.F. range. At 4.8 and 9.6 T/D, …

Aspects Of Some Compacted Campground Ameliorating Practices, Keith Foster

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to determine if the direct mechanical manipulation of compacted campground soils, with and without the addition of organic materials and the planting of grasses, had any long lasting effect on the amelioration of these deteriorated campsites. An attempt was also made to determine the natural recovery time for East Texas sandy loam soils using the campground closure method. Closure or partial (seasonal) closure of campsites reduced compaction to an acceptable level in three years. Roto-tilling alone was the least effective treatment. Roto-tilling and the addition of bark or chips to maintain the loose soil …

Effect Of Recycling Cooking Liquor And Eliminating The Washing Stage During Chemical Deinking, Thomas H. Ollila

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

The purpose of this investigation was two-fold--first to determine what effects recycling the cooking liquor in varying percentages had upon the final pulp quality, and second to find out what effect eliminating the washing stage had upon the final pulp. The results are not as definite as would have been desired due to variation in the data. Generally, the results showed recycling the cooking liquor left more fines in the pulp resulting in higher tensile, burst, and fold strength. Eliminating the washing stage left more ink particles, pigments, and fines in the pulp which resulted in higher yields, better opacity, …

Evergreen Tree Species For Urban Use In Eastern Tennessee, Vivian Orr Potter

Masters Theses

The objective of this study was to determine which of five tree species was best suited for urban conditions in eastern Tennessee with respect to certain criteria. The species included eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.), eastern hemlock [Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr.], Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.], southern magnolia (Magnolia grandiflora L.), and eastern red-cedar (Juniperus virginiana L.). The criteria used for comparing the species were resistance to disease, resistance to insect pests, range of soil fertility adaptability, range of soil pH adaptability, and aesthetic appeal.

Questionnaires were sent to nurserymen …

Structural Comparisons Of Four Plant Communities In The Great Dismal Swamp, Claire Virginia Dabel

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

Four plant communities in the Great Dismal Swamp, located on the coastal plain in southeastern Virginia, were sampled and estimates of density, basal area and aboveground standing crop biomass were determined, Biomass was estimated as 229,800 kg/ha in the Chamaecyparis thyoides community and as 344,500 kg/ha in the Taxodium distichum community. Biomass for the two hardwood communities, the

Acer-Nyssa community and mixed hardwood (Quercus-Nyssa-Acer-Liriodendron-Liquidamber) community was estimated as 195,700 kg/ha and 194,600 kg/ha respectively and did not differ significantly (P

Comparison Of Urea Formaldehyde, Melamine Formaldehyde, Glyoxal And Latex In Improving The Water Resistance Of The Starch Coatings, Tran Trong Kim

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Several coatings colors were prepared and applied. The coated sheets were tested with great emphasis on keeping the conditions constant throughout the course of the experimental work. The study utilized several types of insolubilizers: urea formaldehyde, melamine formaldehyde, glyoxal and latex. Two types of starches were also used: regular and cationic.

Results showed the importance of drying on wet rub development of both urea and malamine formaldehyde as compared to latex and glyoxal. Results also proved the superiority of using insolubilizer additions with cationic starch rather than regular starch.

Glyoxal and latex were superior choices to urea and malamine formaldehyde, …

A Hydrology Temperature Model For A Small Mountain Watershed, Charles Wilson Pettee

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A small mountain watershed located in the Wasatch Mountains of North Central Utah is calibrated to a lumped, deterministic simulation model which is capable of predicting daily streamflow and stream temperature. The input information required is daily precipitation and maximum and minimum air temperatures.

In this study, the area of watershed modeling is reviewed in general and as it specifically applies to the study watershed.

The degree of correlation between observed data and predicted output is only mediocre. The model remains unverified for streamflow prediction and is poorly verified for stream temperature.

Breeding Birds And Vegetation Of The Central Illinois Floodplain Forest, Daniel Edward Varland

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.