Forest Sciences Commons^™

Two-Stage Peroxide-Hydrosulphite Bleaching Of Groundwood Pulp, Richard Daniel Hyatt

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

The conditions and chemicals for the use of hydrogen peroxide, sodium hydrosulphite and zinc hydrosulphite for the bleaching of groundwood pulp are discussed. Previous research provided guidelines for establishing optimum conditions for temperature, time, pH, consistency and type of buffer. The research carried out determined optimum conditions for a two-stage peroxide-hydrosulphite sequence. The use of an HCl extraction prior to bleaching was found to be as effective as EDTA for the removal of heavy metals. The combination of peroxide-hydrosulphite gave a brightness rise of 26 G. E. points while hydrogen peroxide alone gave 22.2 points and hydrosulphite alone gave 8.7 …

Drying Rates, Infrared Drying, And Binder Migration, Alan Larson

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Proper distribution of adhesive in pigmented coatings is necessary to obtain good printability. This ___ undertaker to study the effect of varying drying rates on adhesive distribution. Using a standard substrate, coating was dried under four separate drying rates on a pilot coater equipped with an air knife coater and three sections of hot air driers. After grinding to carious derths, a spectrophotometric method was used to analyze migration behavior. The fastest rate, utilizing an infrared heater temporarily placed directly after the air knife, showed extremely uniform adhesive distribution. This was due in part to the reflective foil placed opposite …

Dow Saran Microspheres A Low Weight – High Bulk Filler, William R. Hajek

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Dow Saran Microspheres as a light weight high bulk filler has been plagued with certain problems, due to the distribution and retention of the microspheres within the sheet. These problems concern dusting and build-up of the microsphere polymer on the dryer cans and during the printing operations on the finished base sheet.

Single and dual retention aid systems were studied and analyzed as a possible solution to the poor distribution and retention of the spheres within the sheet.

Based on this experimental data, the dual retention aid system proved far superior in improving sphere distribution as well as sphere retention. …

An Operation Research Approach To The Economic Optimization Of Kraft Pulping, Robert E. Packwood

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

The first attempt to apply operations research to the kraft industry came in 1959 by C.W. Carroll at the Institute of Paper Chemistry. Carroll developed a pulping rate expression and incorporated engineering balances to complete his mathematical model. Carroll then developed an optimization technique to optimize kraft mill economic performance.

This work develops the mathematical model utilizing a different pulping rate expression and further develops certain areas (e.g. recovery boiler, lime kiln, and washer models) utilizing regression equations obtained from literature and material and energy balances in an approach much like that of Boyle and Tobias.

An attempt was made …

The Attainment Of Ultrahigh-Solid Coating Colors, Robert C. Ziolkowski

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Ultrahigh-solid coating colors were mixed containing (#1) clay, three different ground calcium carbonates of varying particle size, and a styrene-butadiene latex as a sole binder. The resulting colors demonstrated proper coating rheology and were applied to a base paper by means of a blade coater. The coated paper was then evaluated for the physical properties produced.

An effective control of binder migration and water retention without the aid of a hydrocolloid was indicated by tests made on the coated paper. The paper coated with the ultrahigh-solid coating colors also depicted desirable finished properties of brightness, opacity, pick strength, ink receptivity, …

Fibrous Filler As An Extender For Titanium Dioxide – Methods Of Filler Addition, James G. Shaner

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

The paper industry today faces higher costs in such fillers as titanium dioxide. The need for extenders to add to the pulp slurries with titanium dioxide is ever increasing. The extender must not lower the strength properties of the paper to any large extent and must yield nearly the same optical properties as titanium dioxide. Fibrous filler has proven to be a filler which meets these requirements. There exists, however, several different methods for the addition of the fillers to the pulp stock. Each of these methods give different results in the final sheet of paper. It was found from …

Alginate Additives And Coating Migration Control, Peter B. Bradshaw

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

In this study the feasibility of using alginate compounds in latex coating slurries to control migration so as to improve the coating properties of the latex is discussed. In the past, starch and casein have been used in an attempt to alleviate streaking, blade build-up and premature drying, but they have not performed in an entirely satisfactory way, particularly with higher concentrations of solids. Considerable evidence is presented to indicate that the use of alginate additives will enhance both the coating ability and the coating properties of latex, even when high concentrations of solids are present.

In addition, a new …

A Study Of The Refiners At The Pilot Plant Of Western Michigan University, Thomas P. Lewis

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

The following report is an analysis of Paper Science and Engineering at Western Michigan University. This project was made as an indication of how the refiners at the tire pilot plan performed. This could also be used as ground work for further study of the refiners. For example, the new double disk refiner which was not in operation at the time when these tests were made could be compared to the other refiners in the pilot plant. It could also be the basis for refiner analysis with mixed hard and soft wood pulps.

This project was made to determine which …

Hemicellulose Retention In Pulping, Denise R. Trainer

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

In order to study the fate of hemicelluloses in sulfite pulping, a full survey of the reactions involved and the techniques which have been successful in promoting the retention of the hemicelluloses was carried out. Experimentation then followed with wood analysis, pulping and analysis of the three pulps produced. From the results it can be seen that either a determination of the pentosans or of hemicelluloses will illuminate the relative amount of hemicelluloses in a set of samples. However, the hemicellulose value is more reliable for sulfite pulp. The total yield of a pulp is greatly increased by starting the …

The Modern Paper Machine Headbox, Richard N. Alger

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Introduction

The headbox and associated equipment, such as the slice and intlet header, are the most important items on a paper machine since what this equipment does or does not do at the wet end determines the quality of paper the machine will produce. The purpose of this project is to examine the historical background and the development of this equipment and ultimately design a new headbox for the fourdrinier pilot machine at Western Michigan University's Department of Paper Science and Engineering. The present headbox does not allow sufficient head to be developed due to the low speed of the …

The Effect Of Various Initial Electrokinetic Potentials On The Retention Of Titanium Dioxide, Jeff L. Gutowski

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

The purpose of this thesis was to find out if maximum TiO₂ retention will always occur in an electrokinetic range of +3 mV, as theorized, regardless of initial electrokinetic values. The systems investigated, included the addition of 5% TiO₂ slurries at various positive and negative electrokinetic values to pulp slurries, also at various charges. Even though all 13 systems investigated by handsheet analysis were all run at the same final electrokinetic values of ±4 mV, wide variations in their % retention of TiO₂ were found. The scattering coefficient of TiO₂ and the conductivity and % light …

An Examination Of Paper Manufacture Quality Control Methods And How They Effect Consumer Complaints, Ian R. Paisley

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Information gathered by means of a consumer survey indicates that the majority of problems affecting roll runnability are caused by employee work habits and supervision, rather than machinery, during the manufacture of a roll of paper.

A second survey, in the form of a three-part questionnaire, was sent to mills in the United States and Canada, producing newsprint, fine paper, groundwood printing and specialty papers. The survey obtained information about testing and supervision procedures plus the formal training of those responsible for quality control. The conclusion indicate that the lack of professional training may contribute to potential customer complaints.

Pulping Of Rubber Wood For Pulp And Paper, George Paulose

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

The Effects Of Fiber Furnish On Physical Properties Of Paper, Dennis Havard

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

This experiment was designed to determine the effects of fiber furnish on the physical properties of paper. To do this various pulps and combinations of these pulps were formed into handsheets and their physical properties determined. The tests performed on the handsheets were tear, fold, tensile, stretch and tensile energy absorption.

The findings of this report indicates possibilities of a linear relationship between percent of pulp in a sheet and the fold and tensile. Stretch values increase by various degrees as more of the higher stretch fiber is added. The TEA follows the stretch values very closely.

A Study Of Hydrotropic Pulping, Tat-Hong Poon

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Aspen wood chips and hardwood thermomechanical pulp were cooked with Sodium Xylen Sulfonate solution in various cooking temperature, time length, chemical content and liquor to wood radio.

The process had a very high yield but the products produced a poor strength. Brightness was increased slightly by the treatment. Kappa Number was decreased at the beginning of the cook but increased again as the cook proceeded.

Based on this experimental data, hydrotropic pulp produced from wood chips and thermomechanical pulp was inferior to ordinary chemical pulp (Kraft or Sulfate) both in terms of physical and optical characteristics.

The Application Of Linear Programming In The Design Of Least Cost Furnishes For Paper Making Systems, George M. Iverson

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Linear programming is a mathematical technique used to optimize complex physical processes. Due to rising pulp costs, the need to minimize the costs of raw materials in paper furnishes is acute. This paper studies the potential of linear programming as a tool to design furnishes meeting designated paper specifications while minimizing raw material costs. The flexibility of linear programming is discussed and the applicability of linear models describing multi-component furnishes with their effect on paper properties is investigated. Some paper properties were found to fit well with the linear model. Some of these were opacity, smoothness, tensile, mullen, and tear. …

The Potential For Application Of The Fluidized Bed In High Rate Waste Treatment, Bradley M. Mcclary

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

A feasibility study of fluidized bed high rate - biological waste treatment was performed. Goals of the , investigation were to demonstrate possible advantages of higher treatment rates and compaction of effective reactor volume, and to compare this, system to conventional high rate treatment, in particular, activated sludge.

This system was found to be capable of achieving high rates of Boo 5 removal, producing a, consistent low concentration effluent. Such treatment could be realized in one-fifth the reactor volume required for conventional activated sludge, operating at an equivalent organic loading rate. Less sludge wasting occurred in this system operation than …