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Articles 1 - 15 of 15
Full-Text Articles in Food Science
An Epidemiological Study Of Campylobacter Populations Reveals A Selective Pressure By Roxarsone, Sean Jeffery Pendleton
An Epidemiological Study Of Campylobacter Populations Reveals A Selective Pressure By Roxarsone, Sean Jeffery Pendleton
Doctoral Dissertations
Whole genome sequencing (WGS) is the most discriminatory of typing methods and can provide additional information including virulence, antigen targets for vaccine development, and antimicrobial resistance profiles. The first part of this study aimed to determine the application of WGS as a genotyping method for Campylobacter by comparing WGS to two commonly used genotyping methods, Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and flaA typing. Five Campylobacter strains isolated from conventional and organic poultry, and five additional isolates with published genomes were compared using the three methods. A total of 8 PFGE patterns and 8 flaA alleles were identified from the 10 strains. …
The Elimination Of Listeria Monocytogenes Biofilms From Stainless Steel Deli Meat Slicer Components By The Use Of Hurdle Technologies, Alexandria Wynne Mertz
The Elimination Of Listeria Monocytogenes Biofilms From Stainless Steel Deli Meat Slicer Components By The Use Of Hurdle Technologies, Alexandria Wynne Mertz
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Listeria monocytogenes growth is of the greatest concern amongst ready-to-eat foods. The United States Department of Agriculture's Food Safety and Inspection Services determined that deli luncheon meats pose the greatest risk of contamination from L. monocytogenes Industrial meat slicers have many removable parts that are connected with sealers and gaskets, which can become worn over time. These spaces cannot be cleaned adequately, therefore are susceptible to bacterial growth. Planktonic cells form biofilms in order to protect the cell from adverse conditions, like during routine cleaning and sanitation. Once a biofilm is formed, the bacteria are much more difficult to eradicate …
Acanthamoeba Spp. As Reservoirs For Transmission Of Norovirus, Tun-Yun Hsueh
Acanthamoeba Spp. As Reservoirs For Transmission Of Norovirus, Tun-Yun Hsueh
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Human noroviruses (HuNoV) are the most common cause of foodborne disease outbreaks in the United States and the most common food commodities implicated in HuNoV outbreaks are leafy greens; however, the vehicle of transmission and point of contamination are often unknown. Here, we hypothesize that common free-living amoebae (FLA) ubiquitous in the environment may act as reservoirs of HuNoV and facilitate the transmission of these pathogens to fresh produce. The objective of this research was to first evaluate the interaction/association between HuNoV surrogates and Acanthamoeba by incubating them together and analyzing virus titer associated with amoeba through an 8 day …
Enhancement Of Antimicrobial Activity Of Naturally Occuring Phenolic Compounds By Nano-Particle Mediated Delivery Against Listeria Monocytogenes, Escherichia Coli O157:H7, And Salmonella Typhimurium, Madhuram Ravichandran
Enhancement Of Antimicrobial Activity Of Naturally Occuring Phenolic Compounds By Nano-Particle Mediated Delivery Against Listeria Monocytogenes, Escherichia Coli O157:H7, And Salmonella Typhimurium, Madhuram Ravichandran
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Food-borne illnesses are of major concern in the U.S. and worldwide. Salmonella,Listeria,E. coli O157:H7 continue to be some of the major foodborne pathogens. Recurring recalls due to these pathogens demand critical antimicrobial strategies to decontaminate the food through its procession from farm to fork. In our study, we combined the effectiveness of naturally occurring phenolic compounds individually, with/ without ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and/or Nisin and nanoparticle delivery to improve the antimicrobial potential of the compounds against Listeria monocytogenes (L.m.), Salmonella Typhimurium (S.T.), and Escherichia coli O157:H7 (E.c.), in brain …
Antibacterial Activity Of Commercially Available Plant Extracts On Selected Campylobacter Jejuni Strains, Divya Oppath Sivasankaran
Antibacterial Activity Of Commercially Available Plant Extracts On Selected Campylobacter Jejuni Strains, Divya Oppath Sivasankaran
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Campylobacter jejuni is recognized as a leading cause of foodborne illness worldwide with approximately 850,000 cases per year in the United Sates. A total of 18 species of Campylobacter have been identified worldwide to date. Foodborne transmission of C. jejuni is mainly through the consumption of unpasteurized milk, contaminated poultry meat and water. C. jejuni can survive in very diverse environments under stressful conditions in human and animals which is different from the specific conditions and media required in laboratory experiments. There has been increased research in recent years to identify naturally occurring antibacterial agents to control and eliminate C. …
Control Of Emerging Foodborne Viruses Using Cranberry Extracts And Chemical Sanitizers, Snigdha Nitin Sewlikar
Control Of Emerging Foodborne Viruses Using Cranberry Extracts And Chemical Sanitizers, Snigdha Nitin Sewlikar
Masters Theses
Human norovirus (HNoV), hepatitis A virus (HAV) and Aichi virus (AiV) outbreaks that cause severe foodborne disease are on the rise globally. Strategies to prevent and mitigate the spread of these viral infections need to be investigated. HNoV, HAV and AiV are known to be resistant to most of the conventionally used chemical inactivation methods. Cranberry juice (CJ) and cranberry proanthocyanidins (C-PAC) have demonstrated antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. CJ and C-PAC have been shown to exhibit antiviral activities against HNoV surrogates, feline calicivirus (FCV-F9) and murine norovirus (MNV-1) at room temperature. Hence, the objectives of this research were (1) To …
Influence Of Lipoteichoic Acid On Listeria Monocytogenes Biofilm Formation And Cellular Stress, Imelda T. Brooks
Influence Of Lipoteichoic Acid On Listeria Monocytogenes Biofilm Formation And Cellular Stress, Imelda T. Brooks
Doctoral Dissertations
Lipoteichoic acid (LTA) is an important polymer on the surface of Gram-positive organisms, including the foodborne, biofilm-forming pathogen Listeria monocytogenes, and is connected to the cell membrane through a glycolipid backbone. Previous results have shown the importance of LTA in cell viability and biofilm formation. The purpose of this research is to further investigate the influence of LTA in L. monocytogenes biofilm formation and how the bacterium responds to environmental stress caused by antimicrobial exposures, and a combination of low temperature and high osmolarity. We created in frame deletion mutants along the operon lmo-2555-lmo2554-lmo2553, which have been shown …
Susceptibility Of Escherichia Coli O157:H7, Salmonella Enterica Sp., And Listeria Monocytogenes To Antimicrobial Mixed Micelle Delivery Systems, Chanelle N. Adams
Susceptibility Of Escherichia Coli O157:H7, Salmonella Enterica Sp., And Listeria Monocytogenes To Antimicrobial Mixed Micelle Delivery Systems, Chanelle N. Adams
Doctoral Dissertations
Within the food industry, there is an ever increasing demand to improve the quality of food and ensure safety from pathogenic/spoilage microorganisms. Globalization of the food industry in the 1990’s, in conjunction with the worldwide shipment of food created a need for the extension of shelf-life and enhanced maintenance of food quality (12). In the United States alone, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention report that each year, roughly 1 in 6 Americans (or 48 million people) gets sick, 128,000 are hospitalized, and 3,000 die of foodborne diseases; this correlates to approximately $77.7 billion in economic loss annually (17). …
Probiotic Potential Of Bacterial Isolates From ‘Amabere Amaruranu’ Cultured Milk, Blaise B. Boyiri
Probiotic Potential Of Bacterial Isolates From ‘Amabere Amaruranu’ Cultured Milk, Blaise B. Boyiri
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Probiotics are viable nonpathogenic microbes that positively affect host health. Probiotics inhibit infection, activate immunity, and promote mucosal-barrier development. Many microbes have probiotic activity. Nonetheless, the selection of stable strains and their specific mechanism(s) of action are not fully elucidated. Bacteria from ‘Amabere amaruranu’ cultured milk from Kenya were isolated and identified by PCR sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene. Isolates were examined for stability to acid and bile, antimicrobial activity, mucin production, and degradation and sensitivity to antibiotics, hence their potential for probiotics. Lactobacillus isolates were acid unstable, bile-stable, nonmucinolytic, and presented antibacterial activity. L. rhamnosus cell fractions …
Transfer And Survival Of Microorganisms To Produce From Surface Irrigation Water, Stuart Jamison Gorman
Transfer And Survival Of Microorganisms To Produce From Surface Irrigation Water, Stuart Jamison Gorman
Masters Theses
Surface water irrigation sources are widely used for fruit and vegetable crop production in the United States. Surface water is inherently prone to direct and indirect contamination with animal fecal material. Hence, the microbial quality of surface water sources can be highly variable. Water used for irrigation is considered a common source for produce contamination. In addition to this, fruits and vegetables are commonly consumed fresh or minimally processed, thus emphasizing the need for preventative measures in production of fresh produce. This study will examine transfer from naturally contaminated irrigation water to cantaloupes using drip and overhead spray irrigation methods. …
Traceability Implementation In Organic Farming: Case Study, Chamomile Tea Production, Shaima Abdelfattah Ibrahim
Traceability Implementation In Organic Farming: Case Study, Chamomile Tea Production, Shaima Abdelfattah Ibrahim
Theses and Dissertations
Implementing a traceability plan in an herbal production plant is a complex task. In this study an attempt to integrate food safety, quality and traceability through the different stages of the organic German Chamomile (Matricaria recutita) production chain was made. First, all the current relevant international laws, regulations and standards regarding traceability, safety and quality, with emphasis on how and why they are necessary for any food production chain, were set forward. Second, physico-chemical and microbiological analyses were run throughout the different processing stages of production, for four different Chamomile batches produced over the same season using the same farming …
Thermal Inactivation Of Human Norovirus Surrogates And Hepatitis A Virus In Foods, Hayriye Bozkurt Cekmer
Thermal Inactivation Of Human Norovirus Surrogates And Hepatitis A Virus In Foods, Hayriye Bozkurt Cekmer
Doctoral Dissertations
Foodborne enteric viruses are the leading cause of gastroenteritis in humans. In particular, human noroviruses and hepatitis A virus (HAV) are the most important foodborne viral pathogens with regard to the number of outbreaks and people affected. Therefore, studies are needed to bridge existing data gaps and determine appropriate parameters for thermal inactivation methods for human norovirus and hepatitis A virus. Due to the absence of appropriate cell culture systems to propagate these viruses, cultivable surrogates (feline calicivirus, FCV-F9 and murine norovirus, MNV-1) are commonly used based on the assumption that they can mimic the viruses they represent. The objectives …
Antimicrobial Activity Of Cinnamic Acid, Citric Acid, Cinnamaldehyde, And Levulinic Acid Against Foodborne Pathogens, Savannah G. Hawkins
Antimicrobial Activity Of Cinnamic Acid, Citric Acid, Cinnamaldehyde, And Levulinic Acid Against Foodborne Pathogens, Savannah G. Hawkins
Chancellor’s Honors Program Projects
No abstract provided.
Chitosan Reduces Enteric Colonization Of Campylobacter In Young Chickens, But Not On Post-Harvest Chicken Skin Samples, Hanna Royce Arambel
Chitosan Reduces Enteric Colonization Of Campylobacter In Young Chickens, But Not On Post-Harvest Chicken Skin Samples, Hanna Royce Arambel
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Worldwide, Campylobacter is one of the leading causes of foodborne bacterial gastroenteritis causing an estimated 1.3 million infections in the United States alone. Consumption and/or cross-contamination of raw or undercooked poultry products have been linked as the most common source of Campylobacter infection, making the poultry industry a target for Campylobacter reduction strategies. Campylobacter is prevalent in most poultry flocks in the United States, with as many as 90% of flocks Campylobacter-positive at the time of slaughter. It is estimated that a reduction of Campylobacter in poultry would greatly reduce the risk of campylobacteriosis in humans. Unfortunately, there are …
Inactivation Of Sporeforming Spoilage Bacteria In Milk And Juice Using Ultra High Pressure Homogenization, Julie Michelle Gidley
Inactivation Of Sporeforming Spoilage Bacteria In Milk And Juice Using Ultra High Pressure Homogenization, Julie Michelle Gidley
Masters Theses
Inactivation of spores is essential for extending the shelf life of fluid milk and other food products. Three studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of ultra-high pressure homogenization (UHPH) on spores from three spore forming bacteria. The first experiment studied UHPH effects on Geobacillus stearothermophilus, Paenibacillus lautus, and Bacillus licheniformis in fluid milk. Homogenization pressures of 100 - 500 MPa were applied to spore-inoculated samples, and spore viability was determined by plating onto agar media. Heat shock treatments (80°C, 10 min) were applied to a portion of each sample prior to UHPH. UHPH treatment significantly reduced spore populations on …