Entomology Commons^™

Use Of Double Sample Plans In Insect Sampling With Reference To The Colorado Potato Beetle, Leptinotarsa Decemlineata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), Jan P. Nyrop, Robert J. Wright

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

When used in a pest control decision-making context, protocols for obtaining sample information on insect numbers can be evaluated via three properties: the operating characteristic (OC), the average sample number (ASN), and the availability of methods for calculating the OC and ASN. On the average, sequential sample plans have lower ASN's, and OC's are comparable to fixed sample-size procedures. The two most commonly used sequential procedures for insect sampling are Wald's probability ratio test and a test proposed by Iwao. Each of these methods has limitations. An alternative to sequential procedures is double sampling. Double sample plans developed for the …

Comparison Of Vacuum And Carbon Dioxide-Cone Sampling Devices For Arthropods In Flooded Rice, Merle Shepard, G. Aquino, E. R. Ferrer, E. A. Heinrichs

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Leafhoppers (Nepholett.ix spp.), whitebacked planthoppers, [Sogatella furcifera (Horvath)]. brown planthoppers [Nilaparvata lugens (Stål)], ripple bugs (Micrvuelia atrolineala Bergoth), a predatory myrid (Cyrtorhinus lividipennis Reuter) and spiders were sampled from flooded rice using a vacuum sampling device (FARMCOP) and a cone sampler (C0₂NE). The vacuum sampler was a modified automobile vacuum cleaner powered by batteries and the cone sampler required carbon dioxide gas and aluminum cones. The FARMCOP sampler yielded significantly higher mean numbers of most arthropods except spiders. However, the coefficients of variation for the two techniques were approximately equal and the C0 …

Relationship Between Planthoppers (Nilaparvata Lugens And Sogatella Furcifera) And Rice Diseases, S. C. Lee, D. M. Matias, T. W. Mew, J. S. Sorino, Elvis A. Heinrichs

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

The locational preference of the brown planthopper (BPH) Nilaparvata lugens

(Still) and the whitebacked plant hopper (WBPH) Sogatella furcifera (Horvath) was studied on rice cultivars IR22 and IR36 as an integral part of subsequent research on insect-fungal pathogen relationships. The BPH was observed to stay consistently on the basal portion while the WBPH showed a general preference for the upper portion regardless of varieties, rice growth stages and insect population density levels. The habitat preference of both species (BPH and WBPH) was found not to be affected by the presence of the other species when both species are present on …

Variation In Population Sex Ratio And Mating Success Of Asexual Lineages Of Alsophila Pometaria (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), Lawrence G. Harshman, Douglas J. Futuyma

Lawrence G. Harshman Publications

Populations of Alsophila pometaria (Harris) are largely gynogenetic and composed of asexual females that must mate with a conspecific male to reproduce. Within this asexual contingent, there are a variety of electrophoretically defined multilocus genotypes. In this study we found that populations differ in sex ratio. We also found that there is an indication of differential mating success among asexual genotypes in a population of A. pometaria.

Colorado Potato Beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae): Expression Of Resistance In Solanum Berthaultii And Interspecific Potato Hybrids, Robert J. Wright, Michael B. Dimock, Ward M. Tingey, Robert L. Plaisted

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

A wild potato species, Solanum berthaultii Hawkes, and its interspecific hybrids with the commercial potato, S. tuberosum L., were evaluated for resistance to the Colorado potato beetle (CPB), Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) in field and laboratory studies in New York. Field-collected summer adults produced nearly 3-fold more eggs on S. tuberosum cv. Katahdin than on S. berthaultii over a 7-day period. Egg masses laid on 'Katahdin' were 61% larger than those laid on S. berthaultii. In field cage plots of S. berthaultii, CPB larval development was retarded and very few larvae survived to adulthood. Densities of overwintered CPB adults …

Survivorship And Growth Of Sexually And Asexually Derived Larvae Of Alsophila Pometaria (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), Lawrence G. Harshman, Douglas J. Futuyma

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

A substantial body of theory is devoted to understanding the relative advantages of sexual and asexual reproduction. It is generally understood that asexual forms potentially have a higher rate of reproduction because they save the cost of producing males. The micro-evolutionary consequences of sexual and asexual reproduction are less clear. Sexual reproduction generates abundant genotypic diversity which may be adaptively advantageous (Williams 1975; Maynard Smith 1978). Asexual reproduction may perpetuate combinations of genes that are co-adapted (Templeton 1979), heterotic (Suomalainen et al. 1976; White 1979), or specialized (Vrijenhoek 1979, 1984). Thus, it is possible that the fitness of a sexual …

Male Effects On Fecundity In Drosophila Melanogaster, Ary A. Hoffman, Lawrence G. Harshman

Lawrence G. Harshman Publications

Effects of male Drosophila melanogaster on female fecundity and productivity were examined, considering both females held in containers with males and females exposed to male effects not involving contact. Females were more fecund when male effects were present, and the largest increase was recorded when vials were previously conditioned by males. This effect was probably due to the growth of transmitted microorganisms, which were observed on the laying surface, as further experiments with vials conditioned by virgin females showed a similar increase in fecundity. A male-specific effect was isolated by conditioning bottles containing only agar with males and virgin females. …

The Origin And Distribution Of Clonal Diversity In Alsophila Pometaria (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), Lawrence G. Harshman, Douglas J. Futuyma

Lawrence G. Harshman Publications

A survey of spatial and temporal variation in the frequency of electrophoretically defined genotypes in the geometrid moth Alsophila pometaria revealed a high diversity of uncommon or rare asexual genotypes and clinal distributions of two of the more common clones. There was substantial year-to-year variation in genotype frequencies in seven of eleven sites. Progeny tests have revealed that sexual reproduction is uncommon in two populations and that new asexual genotypes arise from the sexual population. The recurrent origin of asexual genotypes is likely to account for the high genetic and ecological diversity of the asexual contingent of this species’ populations, …

Classification, Paleoecology, And Biostratigraphy Of Crinoids From The Stull Shale (Late Pennsylvanian) Of Nebraska, Kansas, And Iowa, Roger K. Pabian, Harrell L. Strimple

Bulletin of the University of Nebraska State Museum

Thirteen species of crinoids representing the families Diphuicrinidae, catacrinidae, Pirasocrinidae, Erisocrinidae, Cromyocrinidae, Cymbiocrinidae, Scytalocrinidae, and Ampelocrinidae have been collected from the Stull Shale Member of the Kanwaka Formation in the Shawnee Group of the Virgil Series (Upper Pennsylvanian) from near Weeping Water and Plattsmouth, Nebraska, and near Pacific Junction, Iowa. Exposures of the Stull Shale near Melvern, Kansas, have yielded 14 species of crinoids representing the families Diphuicrinidae, Catacrinidae, Pirasocrinidae, Lophocrinidae Allagecrinidae, Cymbiocrinidae, Erisocrinidae, Apographiocrinidae, and Stellarocrinidae. All but two of the species present in the Stull Shale have been previously reported from other stratigraphic horizons, including the Vinland Shale …

The Chrysis Gibba Species Group In The New World (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae), R. M. Bohart

Insecta Mundi

The gibba group of Chrysis occurs in many parts of the world. It is characterized in part by a lengthened clypeus. Other features are the usually long malar space, micro-ridging on the scapal basin, a frontal carina (when developed) with a broad M-shape and partial posterior rami (broadly biconvex in one species), tergum II apicolaterally obtuse, and tergum III with 4 teeth or lobes. American forms in the male, and to lesser extent the female, have long whitish hair beneath the head and on the opposing surface of the forecoxae. Other legs are also quite hairy, especially in males. Sternum …

Four Undescribed Oligocene Craneflies From Florissant, Colorado, (Diptera:Tipulidae), F. Martin Brown

Insecta Mundi

The following described craneflies were discovered during ongoing research at the Museum of the University of Colorado in preparation of parts of the Colorado Natural History Inventory.

These Oligocene shale specimens are somewhat difficult to study. This is especially true of Limoniinae with lightly sclerotized veins. With proper illumination and a good binocular microscope, the veins often appear as glittering lines on the shale. The veins often are better seen when the specimen is placed so the veins are illuminated from one end. Sometimes the shale is so rough that this lighting does not improve their visibility.

The help of …

A Monograph Of The Genus Pheidole In Florida (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), Marcio A. Naves

Insecta Mundi

The genus Pheidole is one of the more important ant genera in the world Approximately 1000 species are now known. Over 400 of these are found in the Neotropical region (Kempf, 1972), and about 75 taxa are known from North America north of Mexico. Pheidole spp. are abundant in many areas, and live in varying habitats ranging from the humid tropics to deserts. They are able to survive in some areas by their habits of collecting and storing seeds as food resources. They are also scavengers of dead insects and other animals, and can be predacious. Some species tends aphids …

A New Subspecies Of Inca Clathrata (Olivier) From Trinidad, West Indies, And Range Extensions For Inca Clathrata Sommeri Westwood (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Trichiinae), Julius Boos, Brett C. Ratcliffe

University of Nebraska State Museum: Entomology Papers

Inca clathrata quesneli is described as a new subspecies from Trinidad, West Indies. New distribution records are given for Inca clathrata sommeri Westwood that extend its range northward in Mexico by approximately 200 km and southward into Colombia and Ecuador in South America west of the Andes. A brief analysis of the historical biogeography of Inca clathrata (Olivier) suggests vicariance (Andean uplift) to explain the separation of the clathrata/sommeri subspecies lineage, and dispersal to explain the separation and isolation of the quesneli lineage on Trinidad and occurrence of sommeri in Mesoamerica.

Evaluation Of Rice Cultivars For Resistance To Cnaphalocrocis Medinalis Guenée (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), E. A. Heinrichs, E. Camanag, A. Romena

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Greenhouse screening of 17,914 accessions of rice, Oryza sativa L., from 62 countries identified 115 accessions from 10 countries having resistant or moderately resistant reactions to Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenée. Of 264 wild rices (Oryza spp.) screened, 10 (3.7%) were resistant. Several breeding lines having “Ptb33” and “W1263” as donor parents were moderately resistant. All of the resistant accessions are from regions where C. medinalis is an important pest, except for one accession from Italy, which is beyond the range of C. medinalis distribution.

Alfalfa Seed Cbalcid (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae) Infestation Trials In Annual Medicago, Gary Brewer, Edgar L. Sorensen, E. K. Horber

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

We evaluated five annual Medicago species (M. disciformis DC., M. rigidula (L.) All., M. ciliaris (L.) Kroeker, M. rugosa Des., and M. rotata Boiss.) as potential hosts of the alfalfa seed chalcid, Bruchophagus roddi (Gussakovsky), in growth chambers. A perennial, M. sativa L., was used as a susceptible control. The five annual species represented the four sections (Leptospirae, Pachyspirae, Intertextae, Rotatae) of the subgenus Spirocarpus.

In no-choice tests, all annual species were highly resistant to the chalcid. Ovipositor marks and larvae were found in some M. rigidula. The other annuals were uninfested. In a second test, we were unsuccessful in …

Biochemical Evidence For Hybridization In Fire Ants, Robert K. Vander Meer, Clifford S. Lofgren, Francisco M. Alvarez

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

Hybridization in social insects has been predicted on a theoretical basis by Pearson (1983); however, it is not a commonly reported phenomenon among ants. We recently found support for this theory when we discovered unique biochemical evidence for hybridization between Solenopsis invicta Buren and Solenopsis richteri Forel, two South American fire ant species that were inadvertently introduced into the southeastern United States.

Compatibility Of Intercropping With Mechanized Agriculture: Effects Of Strip Intercropping Of Pinto Beans And Sweet Corn On Insect Abundance In Colorado, J. L. Capinera, Thomas J. Weissling, E. E. Schweizer

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

The potential for management of insect pest densities by regulation of crop diversity through intercropping was examined in sweet corn and pinto beans. Insect abundance was monitored in corn and beans in alternating multiple-row patterns of 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 rows. Insect responses to intercropping treatments were variable, with positive, negative, and neutral responses observed, depending on species of insect and crop. In some cases, insect abundance was affected by strip-intercropping widths of up to eight rows, suggesting that strip intercropping may be compatible with some types of mechanized agriculture.

Extrafloral Nectaries On Plants In Communities Without Ants: Hawaii, Kathleen H. Keeler

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

Since the Hawaiian Islands lack native ants, it was hypothesized that extrafloral nectaries, an ant-related mutualistic trait, should be lacking on native species. Presence of extrafloral nectaries (EFNs) on plants was determined by direct observation and related to vegetation structure and floral composition. Frequency of plants with EFNs was low by all possible comparisons. However, several endemic species had functional EFNs. The hypotheses to explain these anomalies are (1) phylogenetic inertia or (2) mutualism with some other organism than ants.

Spermatozoon In Males And Inseminated Queens Of The Imported Fire Ants, B. Michael Glancey, Clifford S. Lofgren

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

The Coulter Counter IIA, an automatic particle counter, was a fast, accurate device for counting spermatozoa in fire ants. Queens of Solenopsis invicta, the red imported fire ant (RIFA) had an average 5,669,683 ± 48,148 spermatozoa in the spermatheca two weeks after mating.

A Key To The Australian Chrysis With Description Of New Species(Hymenoptera: Chrysididae), Richard M. Bohart

Insecta Mundi

Australian Chrysis form three closely related groups in addition to a few wide-ranging and apparently adventive species. The latter are lincea Fabricius, schiodtei Dahlbom, fuscipennis Brulle, and fossulata F. Smith. The remaining 23 species, including those presently described, appear to be endemic i n the Australia-New Guinea area. Recently, Linsenmaier (1982, Entomofauna 3: 323-349) described a number of new species from Australia. Some of these I have been able to recognize and they are included in the key. Others that I am unable to place, possibly through lack of material, are curtisensis from Queensland and dentifrontis from South Australia. I …

Call For Authors And Subscribers To “Insecta Mundi”

Insecta Mundi

This is the first issue of a new series, Insecta Mundi which has been started for the publication of short papers on insect taxonomy. This first issue of the publication is being mailed to subscribers in January, 1985. It contains, as you can see, a variety of articles, including those on Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, and Neuroptera. In keeping with its name, Insects of the World, the areas covered in these papers include not only the United States, but Mexico, the West Indies, Australia, Europe, and Africa.

Covers Volume 1

Insecta Mundi

Volume 1 Covers

West Indies Brenthia (Lepidoptera: Choreutidae), J. B. Heppner

Insecta Mundi

The genus Brenthia includes numerous species in the New World and another large contingent in the tropical parts of Asia and Australia. There also are a few species known from Africa (Heppner, 1981). The few species in Japan represent the only intrusion of the genus into the Palearctic region.

Review Of Lanelater Of North America (Coleoptera, Elateridae), T. J. Spilman

Insecta Mundi

Descriptions, illustrations, and distributions of adults of 3 species: schottii (=arizonae) from Arizona to southern Texas and northern Mexico; hayekae n. sp. (=schottii of authors) from Kansas to southern Texas; sallei from Louisiana to Florida to New York. Identification key. The larvae, unknown, are undoubtedly predaceous on larvae (grubs) of Scarabaeidae and other soft bodied insects.

A Generic Review Of The Acanthaclisine Antlions Based On Larvae (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae), Lionel Stange, Robert B. Miller

Insecta Mundi

The tribe Acanthaclisini Navas contains 14 described genera which we recognize as valid. We have reared larvae of 8 of these (Acanthaclisis Rambur, Centroclisis Navas, Fadrina Navas, Paranthaclisis Banks, Phanoclisis Banks, Synclisis Navas, Syngenes Kolbe, and Vella Navas). In addition, we have studied preserved larvae from Australia which probably represent the genus Heoclisis Navas. This represents the majority of the taxa, lacking only the small genera Avia Navas, Cosina Navas, Madrasta Navas, Mestressa Navas, and Stiphroneuria Gerstaecker. Studies of these larvae have revealed structural differences, especially of the mandible, which we have employed to provide identification of these genera by …

Elevation Of Cicindela Nigrior To Species Rank, K. W. Vick, S. J. Roman

Insecta Mundi

Cicindela nigrior Schaupp (1884) has a complex taxonomic history as a subspecies, variety, and aberration of the morphologically plastic tiger beetle C . scutellaris. Schaupp gave the varietal name nigrior to what he apparently thought was a melanistic form of Cicindela scutellaris unicolor Dejean. Leng (1902) listed both nigrior and unicolor as varieties of scutellaris Say. However, Horn (1905) llsted nigrior and unicolor as aberrations of obscura Say (=scutellaris). Later he listed nigrior as a variety of scutellaris unicolor (Horn 1916). The Leng catalog (1920) shows both nigrior and unicolor as subspecies of scutellaris, while Vaurie …