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- Keyword
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- Flight (7)
- Temperature (4)
- Hsp70 (3)
- Thermoregulation (3)
- Aerodynamics (2)
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- Agroecosystems (2)
- Apis mellifera (2)
- Bee (2)
- Centris pallida (2)
- Conservation (2)
- Energetics (2)
- Flight energetics (2)
- Heat shock (2)
- Heat shock proteins (2)
- Honey bee (2)
- Reserve capacity (2)
- Risk assessment (2)
- Senescence (2)
- Water loss (2)
- Aging (1)
- Allometry (1)
- Bee flight (1)
- Bees (1)
- Behavioral development (1)
- Beneficial acclimation (1)
- Body size (1)
- Chill coma (1)
- Cold tolerance (1)
- Cross tolerance (1)
- Cross-tolerance (1)
Articles 1 - 26 of 26
Full-Text Articles in Entomology
Neonicotinoids Can Cause Arrested Pupal Ecdysis In Lepidoptera, Niranjana Krishnan, Russell A. Jurenka, Steven P. Bradbury
Neonicotinoids Can Cause Arrested Pupal Ecdysis In Lepidoptera, Niranjana Krishnan, Russell A. Jurenka, Steven P. Bradbury
Biological Sciences Faculty Research & Creative Works
Recently, we reported a novel mode of action in monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus) larvae exposed to neonicotinoid insecticides: arrest in pupal ecdysis following successful larval ecdysis. In this paper, we explore arrested pupal ecdysis in greater detail and propose adverse outcome pathways to explain how neonicotinoids cause this effect. Using imidacloprid as a model compound, we determined that final-instar monarchs, corn earworms (Helicoverpa zea), and wax moths (Galleria mellonella) showed high susceptibility to arrested pupal ecdysis while painted ladies (Vanessa cardui) and red admirals (Vanessa atalanta) showed low susceptibility. Fall …
Evaluating Toxicity Of Varroa Mite (Varroa Destructor)-Active Dsrna To Monarch Butterfly (Danaus Plexippus) Larvae, Niranjana Krishnan, Maura J. Hall, Richard L. Hellmich, Joel R. Coats, Steven P. Bradbury
Evaluating Toxicity Of Varroa Mite (Varroa Destructor)-Active Dsrna To Monarch Butterfly (Danaus Plexippus) Larvae, Niranjana Krishnan, Maura J. Hall, Richard L. Hellmich, Joel R. Coats, Steven P. Bradbury
Biological Sciences Faculty Research & Creative Works
Varroa mites (Varroa destructor) are parasitic mites that, combined with other factors, are contributing to high levels of honey bee (Apis mellifera) colony losses. A Varroa-active dsRNA was recently developed to control Varroa mites within honey bee brood cells. This dsRNA has 372 base pairs that are homologous to a sequence region within the Varroa mite calmodulin gene (cam). The Varroa-active dsRNA also shares a 21-base pair match with monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus) calmodulin mRNA, raising the possibility of non-target effects if there is environmental exposure. We chronically exposed the entire monarch …
Monarch Butterfly (Danaus Plexippus) Life-Stage Risks From Foliar And Seed-Treatment Insecticides, Niranjana Krishnan, Yang Zhang, Melanie E. Aust, Richard L. Hellmich, Joel R. Coats, Steven P. Bradbury
Monarch Butterfly (Danaus Plexippus) Life-Stage Risks From Foliar And Seed-Treatment Insecticides, Niranjana Krishnan, Yang Zhang, Melanie E. Aust, Richard L. Hellmich, Joel R. Coats, Steven P. Bradbury
Biological Sciences Faculty Research & Creative Works
Conservation of North America's eastern monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus) population would require establishment of milkweed (Asclepias spp.) and nectar plants in the agricultural landscapes of the north central United States. A variety of seed-treatment and foliar insecticides are used to manage early- and late-season pests in these landscapes. Thus, there is a need to assess risks of these insecticides to monarch butterfly life stages to inform habitat conservation practices. Chronic and acute dietary toxicity studies were undertaken with larvae and adults, and acute topical bioassays were conducted with eggs, pupae, and adults using 6 representative insecticides: beta-cyfluthrin …
Conservation Risks And Benefits Of Establishing Monarch Butterfly (Danaus Plexippus) Breeding Habitats Close To Maize And Soybean Fields In The North Central United States: A Landscape-Scale Analysis Of The Impact Of Foliar Insecticide On Nonmigratory Monarch Butterfly Populations, Tyler J. Grant, Niranjana Krishnan, Steven P. Bradbury
Conservation Risks And Benefits Of Establishing Monarch Butterfly (Danaus Plexippus) Breeding Habitats Close To Maize And Soybean Fields In The North Central United States: A Landscape-Scale Analysis Of The Impact Of Foliar Insecticide On Nonmigratory Monarch Butterfly Populations, Tyler J. Grant, Niranjana Krishnan, Steven P. Bradbury
Biological Sciences Faculty Research & Creative Works
Establishing habitat in agricultural landscapes of the north central United States is critical to reversing the decline of North America's eastern monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus) population. Insecticide use could create population sinks and threaten recovery. Discouraging habitat establishment within a 38-m zone around crop fields is a suggested risk mitigation measure. In Story County, Iowa, United States, this mitigation would discourage habitat establishment in 84% of roadsides and 38% of noncrop land. It is unclear if the conservation benefits from establishing habitat close to crop fields outweigh suppression of population growth owing to insecticide exposure. Consequently, monarch conservation …
Assessing Field-Scale Risks Of Foliar Insecticide Applications To Monarch Butterfly (Danaus Plexippus) Larvae, Niranjana Krishnan, Yang Zhang, Keith G. Bidne, Richard L. Hellmich, Joel R. Coats, Steven P. Bradbury
Assessing Field-Scale Risks Of Foliar Insecticide Applications To Monarch Butterfly (Danaus Plexippus) Larvae, Niranjana Krishnan, Yang Zhang, Keith G. Bidne, Richard L. Hellmich, Joel R. Coats, Steven P. Bradbury
Biological Sciences Faculty Research & Creative Works
Establishment and maintenance of milkweed plants (Asclepias spp.) in agricultural landscapes of the north central United States are needed to reverse the decline of North America's eastern monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus) population. Because of a lack of toxicity data, it is unclear how insecticide use may reduce monarch productivity when milkweed habitat is placed near maize and soybean fields. To assess the potential effects of foliar insecticides, acute cuticular and dietary toxicity of 5 representative active ingredients were determined: beta-cyfluthrin (pyrethroid), chlorantraniliprole (anthranilic diamide), chlorpyrifos (organophosphate), and imidacloprid and thiamethoxam (neonicotinoids). Cuticular median lethal dose values for …
Effects Of Flight Activity And Age On Oxidative Damage In The Honey Bee, Apis Mellifera, Joseph W. Margotta, Stephen P. Roberts, Michelle M. Elekonich
Effects Of Flight Activity And Age On Oxidative Damage In The Honey Bee, Apis Mellifera, Joseph W. Margotta, Stephen P. Roberts, Michelle M. Elekonich
Biological Sciences Faculty Research & Creative Works
Frequent and Highly Aerobic Behaviors Likely Contribute to Naturally Occurring Stress, Accelerate Senescence and Limit Lifespan. to Understand How the Physiological and Cellular Mechanisms that Determine the Onset and Duration of Senescence Are Shaped by Behavioral Development and Behavioral Duration, We Exploited the Tractability of the Honeybee (Apis Mellifera) Model System. First, We Determined Whether a Cause-Effect Relationship Exists between Honeybee Flight and Oxidative Stress by Comparing Oxidative Damage Accrued from Intense Flight Bouts to Damage Accrued from D-Galactose Ingestion, Which Induces Oxidative Stress and Limits Lifespan in Other Insects. Second, We Experimentally Manipulated the Duration of Honeybee Flight Across …
The Effects Of Age And Lifetime Flight Behavior On Flight Capacity In Drosophila Melanogaster, Steven J. Lane, W. Anthony Frankino, Michelle M. Elekonich, Stephen P. Roberts
The Effects Of Age And Lifetime Flight Behavior On Flight Capacity In Drosophila Melanogaster, Steven J. Lane, W. Anthony Frankino, Michelle M. Elekonich, Stephen P. Roberts
Biological Sciences Faculty Research & Creative Works
The Effects of Flight Behavior on Physiology and Senescence May Be Profound in Insects Because of the Extremely High Metabolic Costs of Flight. Flight Capacity in Insects Decreases with Age; in Contrast, Limiting Flight Behavior Extends Lifespan and Slows the Age-Related Loss of Antioxidant Capacity and Accumulation of Oxidative Damage in Flight Muscles. in This Study, We Tested the Effects of Age and Lifetime Flight Behavior on Flight Capacity by Measuring Wingbeat Frequency, the Ability to Fly in a Hypo-Dense Gas Mixture, and Metabolic Rate in Drosophila Melanogaster. Specifically, 5-Day-Old Adult Flies Were Separated into Three Life-Long Treatments: (1) Those …
Effects Of Flight On Gene Expression And Aging In The Honey Bee Brain And Flight Muscle, Joseph W. Margotta, Georgina E. Mancinelli, Azucena A. Benito, Andrew Ammons, Stephen P. Roberts, Michelle M. Elekonich
Effects Of Flight On Gene Expression And Aging In The Honey Bee Brain And Flight Muscle, Joseph W. Margotta, Georgina E. Mancinelli, Azucena A. Benito, Andrew Ammons, Stephen P. Roberts, Michelle M. Elekonich
Biological Sciences Faculty Research & Creative Works
Honeybees Move through a Series of In-Hive Tasks (E.g., "Nursing") to Outside Tasks (E.g., "Foraging") that Are Coincident with Physiological Changes and Higher Levels of Metabolic Activity. Social Context Can Cause Worker Bees to Speed Up or Slow Down This Process, and Foragers May Revert Back to their Earlier In-Hive Tasks Accompanied by Reversion to Earlier Physiological States. to Investigate the Effects of Flight, Behavioral State and Age on Gene Expression, We Used Whole-Genome Microarrays and Real-Time PCR. Brain Tissue and Flight Muscle Exhibited Different Patterns of Expression during Behavioral Transitions, with Expression Patterns in the Brain Reflecting Both Age …
Synchrotron X-Ray Visualisation Of Ice Formation In Insects During Lethal And Non-Lethal Freezing, Brent J. Sinclair, Allen G. Gibbs, Wah Keat Lee, Arun Rajamohan, Stephen P. Roberts, John J. Socha
Synchrotron X-Ray Visualisation Of Ice Formation In Insects During Lethal And Non-Lethal Freezing, Brent J. Sinclair, Allen G. Gibbs, Wah Keat Lee, Arun Rajamohan, Stephen P. Roberts, John J. Socha
Biological Sciences Faculty Research & Creative Works
Although the Biochemical Correlates of Freeze Tolerance in Insects Are Becoming Well-Known, the Process of Ice Formation in Vivo is Subject to Speculation. We Used Synchrotron X-Rays to Directly Visualize Real-Time Ice Formation at 3.3 Hz in Intact Insects. We Observed Freezing in Diapausing 3rd Instar Larvae of Chymomyza Amoena (Diptera: Drosophilidae), Which Survive Freezing If It Occurs above 214uC, and non-Diapausing 3rd Instar Larvae of C. Amoena and Drosophila Melanogaster (Diptera: Drosophilidae), Neither of Which Survive Freezing. Freezing Was Readily Observed in All Larvae, and on One Occasion the Gut Was Seen to Freeze Separately from the Haemocoel. There …
Cold Rearing Improves Cold-Flight Performance In Drosophila Via Changes In Wing Morphology, Melanie R. Frazier, Jon F. Harrison, Scott D. Kirkton, Stephen P. Roberts
Cold Rearing Improves Cold-Flight Performance In Drosophila Via Changes In Wing Morphology, Melanie R. Frazier, Jon F. Harrison, Scott D. Kirkton, Stephen P. Roberts
Biological Sciences Faculty Research & Creative Works
We Use a Factorial Experimental Design to Test Whether Rearing at Colder Temperatures Shifts the Lower Thermal Envelope for Flight of Drosophila Melanogaster Meigen to Colder Temperatures. D. Melanogaster that Developed in Colder Temperatures (15°C) Had a Significant Flight Advantage in Cold Air Compared to Flies that Developed in Warmer Temperatures (28°C). at 14°C, Cold-Reared Flies Failed to Perform a Take-Off Flight ∼47% of the Time Whereas Warm-Reared Flies Failed ∼94% of the Time. at 18°C, Cold- and Warm-Reared Flies Performed Equally Well. We Also Compared Several Traits in Cold- and Warm-Developing Flies to Determine If Cold-Developing Flies Had Better …
The Effect Of Selection For Desiccation Resistance On Cold Tolerance Of Drosophila Melanogaster, Brent J. Sinclair, Sean Nelson, Theresa L. Nilson, Stephen P. Roberts, Allen G. Gibbs
The Effect Of Selection For Desiccation Resistance On Cold Tolerance Of Drosophila Melanogaster, Brent J. Sinclair, Sean Nelson, Theresa L. Nilson, Stephen P. Roberts, Allen G. Gibbs
Biological Sciences Faculty Research & Creative Works
Low Temperature and Desiccation Stress Are Thought to Be Mechanistically Similar in Insects, and Several Studies Indicate that There is a Degree of Cross-Tolerance between Them, such that Increased Cold Tolerance Results in Greater Desiccation Tolerance and Vice Versa. This Assertion is Tested at an Evolutionary Scale by Examining Basal Cold Tolerance, Rapid Cold-Hardening (RCH) and Chill Coma Recovery in Replicate Populations of Drosophila Melanogaster Selected for Desiccation Resistance (With Controls for Both Selection and Concomitant Starvation) for over 50 Generations. All of the Populations Display a RCH Response, and There is No Effect of Selection Regime on RCH or …
Gene Transcription During Exposure To, And Recovery From, Cold And Desiccation Stress In Drosophila Melanogaster, B. J. Sinclair, A. G. Gibbs, S. (Stephen) P. Roberts
Gene Transcription During Exposure To, And Recovery From, Cold And Desiccation Stress In Drosophila Melanogaster, B. J. Sinclair, A. G. Gibbs, S. (Stephen) P. Roberts
Biological Sciences Faculty Research & Creative Works
We Exposed Adult Male Drosophila Melanogaster to Cold, Desiccation or Starvation, and Examined Expression of Several Genes during Exposure and Recovery. Frost Was Expressed during Recovery from Cold and Was Up Regulated during Desiccation. Desiccation and Starvation (But Not Cold) Elicited Increased Expression of the Senescence-Related Gene Smp-30. Desat2 Decreased during Recovery from Desiccation, But Not in Response to Starvation or Cold. Hsp70 Expression Increased after 1 H of Recovery from Cold Exposure but Was Unchanged in Response to Desiccation or Starvation Stress, and Hsp23 Levels Did Not Respond to Any of the Stressors. We Conclude that D. Melanogaster's Responses …
Short-Amplitude High-Frequency Wing Strokes Determine The Aerodynamics Of Honeybee Flight, Douglas L. Altshuler, William B. Dickson, Jason T. Vance, Stephen P. Roberts, Michael H. Dickinson
Short-Amplitude High-Frequency Wing Strokes Determine The Aerodynamics Of Honeybee Flight, Douglas L. Altshuler, William B. Dickson, Jason T. Vance, Stephen P. Roberts, Michael H. Dickinson
Biological Sciences Faculty Research & Creative Works
Most Insects Are Thought to Fly by Creating a Leading-Edge Vortex that Remains Attached to the Wing as It Translates through a Stroke. in the Species Examined So Far, Stroke Amplitude is Large, and Most of the Aerodynamic Force is Produced Halfway through a Stroke When Translation Velocities Are Highest. Here We Demonstrate that Honeybees Use an Alternative Strategy, Hovering with Relatively Low Stroke Amplitude (≈90°) and High Wingbeat Frequency (≈230 Hz). When Measured on a Dynamically Scaled Robot, the Kinematics of Honeybee Wings Generate Prominent Force Peaks during the Beginning, Middle, and End of Each Stroke, Indicating the Importance …
Muscle Biochemistry And The Ontogeny Of Flight Capacity During Behavioral Development In The Honey Bee, Apis Mellifera, Stephen P. Roberts, Michelle M. Elekonich
Muscle Biochemistry And The Ontogeny Of Flight Capacity During Behavioral Development In The Honey Bee, Apis Mellifera, Stephen P. Roberts, Michelle M. Elekonich
Biological Sciences Faculty Research & Creative Works
A Fundamental Issue in Physiology and Behavior is Understanding the Functional and Genetic Mechanisms that Underlie Major Behavioral Shifts in Organisms as They Adopt New Environments or Life History Tactics. Such Transitions Are Common in Nature and Include the Age-Related Switch from Nest/hive Work to Foraging in Social Insects Such as Honeybees (Apis Mellifera). Because of their Experimental Tractability, Recently Sequenced Genome and Well Understood Biology, Honeybees Are an Ideal Model System for Integrating Molecular, Genetic, Physiological and Sociobiological Perspectives to Advance Understanding of Behavioral and Life History Transitions. When Honeybees (Apis Mellifera) Transition from Hive Work to Foraging, their …
Environmental Hypoxia Influences Hemoglobin Subunit Composition In The Branchiopod Crustacean Triops Longicaudatus, J. A. Guadagnoli, A. M. Braun, S. (Stephen) P. Roberts, C. L. Reiber
Environmental Hypoxia Influences Hemoglobin Subunit Composition In The Branchiopod Crustacean Triops Longicaudatus, J. A. Guadagnoli, A. M. Braun, S. (Stephen) P. Roberts, C. L. Reiber
Biological Sciences Faculty Research & Creative Works
Hemoglobin (Hb) is a Highly Conserved Protein that Provides a Vital Link between Environmental Oxygen and its Use And/or Storage within an Organism. While Ubiquitous among Vertebrates, Hb Occurs Frequently in Invertebrate Phyla as Well. Many Arthropod Species Use the Copper-Binding Pigment Hemocyanin, But Unique in This Phylum Are the Branchiopod Crustaceans, Which Express Hb. Branchiopod Hb Concentration and Structure Are Exquisitely Sensitive to Environmental Oxygen Availability. Hemoglobin Concentration and Oxygen-Binding Affinity Increase with Decreasing Oxygen Tension in Daphnia, Artemia and Triops. the Change in Binding Affinity is Attributed to Differential Hb Subunit Expression in Daphnia and Artemia But Remains …
Effects Of Flight Behaviour On Body Temperature And Kinematics During Inter-Male Mate Competition In The Solitary Desert Bee Centris Pallida, Stephen P. Roberts
Effects Of Flight Behaviour On Body Temperature And Kinematics During Inter-Male Mate Competition In The Solitary Desert Bee Centris Pallida, Stephen P. Roberts
Biological Sciences Faculty Research & Creative Works
Body Temperatures and Kinematics Are Measured for Male Centris Pallida Bees Engaged in a Variety of Flight Behaviors (Hovering, Patrolling, Pursuit) at a Nest Aggregation Site in the Sonoran Desert. the Aim of the Study is to Test for Evidence of Thermoregulatory Variation in Convective Heat Loss and Metabolic Heat Production and to Assess the Mechanisms of Acceleration and Forward Flight in Field Conditions. Patrolling Males Have Slightly (1-3°C) Cooler Body Temperatures Than Hoverers, Despite Similar Wingbeat Frequencies and Larger Body Masses, suggesting that Convective Heat Loss is Likely to Be Greater during Patrolling Flight Than during Hovering. Comparisons of …
Allometry Of Kinematics And Energetics In Carpenter Bees (Xylocopa Varipuncta) Hovering In Variable-Density Gases, Stephen P. Roberts, Jon F. Harrison, Robert Dudley
Allometry Of Kinematics And Energetics In Carpenter Bees (Xylocopa Varipuncta) Hovering In Variable-Density Gases, Stephen P. Roberts, Jon F. Harrison, Robert Dudley
Biological Sciences Faculty Research & Creative Works
We Assessed the Energetic and Aerodynamic Limits of Hovering Flight in the Carpenter Bee Xylocopa Varipuncta. using Normoxic, Variable-Density Mixtures of O2, N2 and He, We Were Able to Elicit Maximal Hovering Performance and Aerodynamic Failure in the Majority of Bees Sampled. Bees Were Not Isometric Regarding Thorax Mass and Wing Area, Both of Which Were Disproportionately Lower in Heavier Individuals. the Minimal Gas Density Necessary for Hovering (MGD) Increased with Body Mass and Decreased with Relative Thoracic Muscle Mass. Only the Four Bees in Our Sample with the Highest Body Mass-Specific Thorax Masses Were Able to Hover in Pure …
Effect Of Heat Shock, Pretreatment And Hsp70 Copy Number On Wing Development In Drosophila Melanogaster, Karen D. Williams, Amanda B. Helin, Joseph Posluszny, Stephen P. Roberts, Martin E. Feder
Effect Of Heat Shock, Pretreatment And Hsp70 Copy Number On Wing Development In Drosophila Melanogaster, Karen D. Williams, Amanda B. Helin, Joseph Posluszny, Stephen P. Roberts, Martin E. Feder
Biological Sciences Faculty Research & Creative Works
Naturally Occurring Heat Shock (HS) during Pupation Induces Abnormal Wing Development in Drosophila; We Examined Factors Affecting the Severity of This Induction. the Proportion of HS-Surviving Adults with Abnormal Wings Varied with HS Duration and Intensity, and with the Pupal Age or Stage at HS Administration. Pretreatment (PT), Mild Hyperthermia Delivered Before HS, Usually Protected Development Against HS. Gradual Heating Resembling Natural Thermal Regimes Also Protected Wing Development Against Thermal Disruption. Because of the Roles of the Wings in Flight and Courtship and in View of Natural Thermal Regimes that Drosophila Experience, Both HS-Induction of Wing Abnormalities and its Abatement …
Changes In Thermotolerance And Hsp70 Expression With Domestication In Drosophila Melanogaster, R. A. Krebs, S. (Stephen) P. Roberts, B. R. Bettencourt, M. E. Feder
Changes In Thermotolerance And Hsp70 Expression With Domestication In Drosophila Melanogaster, R. A. Krebs, S. (Stephen) P. Roberts, B. R. Bettencourt, M. E. Feder
Biological Sciences Faculty Research & Creative Works
To Examine How the Duration of Laboratory Domestication May Affect Drosophila Stocks Used in Studies of Thermotolerance, We Measured Expression of the Inducible Heat-Shock Protein Hsp70 and Survival after Heat Shock in D. Melanogaster Strains Recently Collected from Nature and Maintained in Laboratory Culture for Up to 50 or More Generations. after an Initial Increase in Both Hsp70 Expression and Thermotolerance Immediately after Transfer to Laboratory Medium, Both Traits Remained Fairly Constant over Time and Variation among Strains Persisted through Laboratory Domestication. Furthermore, Variation in Heat Tolerance and Hsp70 Expression Did Not Correlate with the Length of Time Populations Evolved …
Flight Respiration And Energetics, J. F. Harrison, S. (Stephen) P. Roberts
Flight Respiration And Energetics, J. F. Harrison, S. (Stephen) P. Roberts
Biological Sciences Faculty Research & Creative Works
We Use a Comparative Approach to Examine Some of the Physiological Traits that Make Flight Possible. Comparisons of Related Fliers and Runners Suggest that Fliers Generally Have Higher Aerobic Metabolic Capacities Than Runners But that the Difference is Highly Dependent on the Taxa Studied. the High Metabolic Rates of Fliers Relative to Runners, Especially in Insects, Are Correlated with High Locomotory Muscle Cycle Frequencies and Low Efficiencies of Conversion of Metabolic Power to Mechanical Power. We Examine Some Factors that Produce Variation in Flight Respiration and Energetics. Air Temperature Strongly Affects the Flight Metabolic Rote of Some Insects and Birds. …
Changing Fitness Consequences Of Hsp70 Copy Number In Transgenic Drosophila Larvae Undergoing Natural Thermal Stress, S. (Stephen) P. Roberts, M. E. Feder
Changing Fitness Consequences Of Hsp70 Copy Number In Transgenic Drosophila Larvae Undergoing Natural Thermal Stress, S. (Stephen) P. Roberts, M. E. Feder
Biological Sciences Faculty Research & Creative Works
1. Transgenic Manipulation of the Gene Copy Number of Hsp70, Which Encodes the Major Inducible Heat-Shock Protein of Drosophila Melanogaster (Hsp70), Affects Both Hsp70 Levels and Inducible Thermotolerance in the Laboratory; Here Parallel Effects in Transgenic Drosophila Larvae Undergoing Natural or Simulated Natural Thermal Stress Are Demonstrated. 2. Necrotic Fruit Was Infested with Larvae of Either of Two Transgenic Strains, One Transformed with 12 Extra Copies of the Hsp70 Gene (Extra-Copy Strain) and a Sister Strain Possessing Only the Wild-Type Number (10) of Hsp70 Genes (Excision Strain), and Then Allowed to Heat to Variable Extents. 3. as the Intensity of …
Natural Hyperthermia And Expression Of The Heat Shock Protein Hsp70 Affect Developmental Abnormalities In Drosophila Melanogaster, Stephen P. Roberts, Martin E. Feder
Natural Hyperthermia And Expression Of The Heat Shock Protein Hsp70 Affect Developmental Abnormalities In Drosophila Melanogaster, Stephen P. Roberts, Martin E. Feder
Biological Sciences Faculty Research & Creative Works
We Demonstrate that Natural Heat Stress on Wild Larval Drosophila Melanogaster Results in Severe Developmental Defects in >10% of Eclosing Adults, and that Increased Copy Number of the Gene Encoding the Major Inducible Heat Shock Protein of D. Melanogaster, Hsp70, is Sufficient to Reduce the Incidence of Such Abnormalities. Specifically, Non-Adult D. Melanogaster Inhabiting Necrotic Fruit Experienced Severe, Often Lethal Heat Stress in Natural Settings. Adult Flies Eclosing from Wild Larvae that Had Survived Natural Heat Stress Exhibited Severe Developmental Anomalies of Wing and Abdominal Morphology, Which Should Dramatically Affect Fitness. the Frequency of Developmental Abnormalities Varied Along Two Independent …
Mechanisms Of Thermal Stability During Flight In The Honeybee Apis Mellifera, Stephen P. Roberts, Jon F. Harrison
Mechanisms Of Thermal Stability During Flight In The Honeybee Apis Mellifera, Stephen P. Roberts, Jon F. Harrison
Biological Sciences Faculty Research & Creative Works
Thermoregulation of the Thorax Allows Honeybees (Apis Mellifera) to Maintain the Flight Muscle Temperatures Necessary to Meet the Power Requirements for Flight and to Remain Active Outside the Hive Across a Wide Range of Air Temperatures (T(A)). to Determine the Heat-Exchange Pathways through Which Flying Honeybees Achieve Thermal Stability, We Measured Body Temperatures and Rates of Carbon Dioxide Production and Water Vapor Loss between T(A) Values of 21 and 45°C for Honeybees Flying in a Respirometry Chamber. Body Temperatures Were Not Significantly Affected by Continuous Flight Duration in the Respirometer, indicating that Flying Bees Were at Thermal Equilibrium. Thorax Temperatures …
Mechanisms Of Thermal Balance In Flying Centris Pallida (Hymenoptera: Anthophoridae), Stephen P. Roberts, Jon F. Harrison, Neil F. Hadley
Mechanisms Of Thermal Balance In Flying Centris Pallida (Hymenoptera: Anthophoridae), Stephen P. Roberts, Jon F. Harrison, Neil F. Hadley
Biological Sciences Faculty Research & Creative Works
Thermoregulation of the Thorax is Critical for Bees and Other Endothermic Insects to Achieve High Rates of Flight Muscle Power Production. However, the Mechanisms Allowing Insects to Regulate Thorax Temperatures during Flight Are Not Well Understood. to Test Whether Variations in Metabolic Heat Production, Evaporation or Heat Transfer from the Thorax to the Abdomen Contribute to the Maintenance of Stable Body Temperatures during Flight in the Bee Centris Pallida, We Measured CO2 Production, Water Vapor Loss, Wingbeat Frequency and Body Segment Temperatures during Flight at Varying Air Temperatures (T(A)). While Hovering in the Field and While Flying in the Respirometer, …
Mechanisms Of Thermorégulation In Flying Bees', Stephen P. Roberts, Jon F. Harrison
Mechanisms Of Thermorégulation In Flying Bees', Stephen P. Roberts, Jon F. Harrison
Biological Sciences Faculty Research & Creative Works
SYNOPSIS. Thermoregulation of Elevated Thorax Temperatures is Necessary for Bees to Achieve the High Rates of Power Production Required for Flight and is a Key Factor Allowing Them to Occupy Widely Varying Thermal Environments. However, the Mechanisms by Which Bees Thermoregulate during Flight Are Poorly Understood. Thermoregulation is Accomplished by Balancing Heat Gain and Heat Loss Via the Following Routes: Convection, Evaporation, and Metabolic Heat Production. There Appears to Be a Diversity of Thermoregulatory Mechanisms Employed during Flight among Bee Species. Some Species, Particularly Bambus Spp., Actively Increase the Distribution of Thoracic Heat to the Abdomen during Flight as Air …
Energy Metabolism, Enzymatic Flux Capacities, And Metabolic Flux Rates In Flying Honeybees, R. K. Suarez, J. R.B. Lighton, B. Joos, S. (Stephen) P. Roberts, J. F. Harrison
Energy Metabolism, Enzymatic Flux Capacities, And Metabolic Flux Rates In Flying Honeybees, R. K. Suarez, J. R.B. Lighton, B. Joos, S. (Stephen) P. Roberts, J. F. Harrison
Biological Sciences Faculty Research & Creative Works
Honeybees Rely Primarily on the Oxidation of Hexose Sugars to Provide the Energy Required for Flight. Measurement of VCO2 (Equal to VO2, Because VCO2/VO2 = 1.0 during Carbohydrate Oxidation) during Flight Allowed Estimation of Steady-State Flux Rates through Pathways of Flight Muscle Energy Metabolism. Comparison of V(Max) Values for Flight Muscle Hexokinase, Phosphofructokinase, Citrate Synthase, and Cytochrome C Oxidase with Rates of Carbon and O2 Flux during Flight Reveal that These Enzymes Operate Closer to V(Max) in the Flight Muscles of Flying Honeybees Than in Other Muscles Previously Studied. Possible Mechanistic …