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Full-Text Articles in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
Molecular Pedomorphism Underlies Craniofacial Skeletal Evolution In Antarctic Notothenioid Fishes, R. Albertson, Yi-Lin Yan, Tom Titus, Eva Pisano, Marino Vacchi, Pamela Yelick, H. Detrich, John Postlethwait
Molecular Pedomorphism Underlies Craniofacial Skeletal Evolution In Antarctic Notothenioid Fishes, R. Albertson, Yi-Lin Yan, Tom Titus, Eva Pisano, Marino Vacchi, Pamela Yelick, H. Detrich, John Postlethwait
H. William Detrich III
Background Pedomorphism is the retention of ancestrally juvenile traits by adults in a descendant taxon. Despite its importance for evolutionary change, there are few examples of a molecular basis for this phenomenon. Notothenioids represent one of the best described species flocks among marine fishes, but their diversity is currently threatened by the rapidly changing Antarctic climate. Notothenioid evolutionary history is characterized by parallel radiations from a benthic ancestor to pelagic predators, which was accompanied by the appearance of several pedomorphic traits, including the reduction of skeletal mineralization that resulted in increased buoyancy. Results We compared craniofacial skeletal development in two …
Cognitive Representation In Transitive Inference: A Comparison Of Four Corvid Species, Alan B. Bond, Cynthia A. Wei, Alan C. Kamil
Cognitive Representation In Transitive Inference: A Comparison Of Four Corvid Species, Alan B. Bond, Cynthia A. Wei, Alan C. Kamil
Alan B. Bond
During operant transitive inference experiments, subjects are trained on adjacent stimulus pairs in an implicit linear hierarchy in which responses to higher ranked stimuli are rewarded. Two contrasting forms of cognitive representation are often used to explain resulting choice behavior. Associative representation is based on memory for the reward history of each stimulus. Relational representation depends on memory for the context in which stimuli have been presented. Natural history characteristics that require accurate configural memory, such as social complexity or reliance on cached food, should tend to promote greater use of relational representation. To test this hypothesis, four corvid species …