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Articles 1 - 12 of 12
Full-Text Articles in Cell and Developmental Biology
Neuroinflammation In Alzheimer’S Disease Mouse Brain Following Repetitive Mild Traumatic Brain Injury, Lujain Almuhanna
Neuroinflammation In Alzheimer’S Disease Mouse Brain Following Repetitive Mild Traumatic Brain Injury, Lujain Almuhanna
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) are a common form of head injury, with mild TBIs (mTBIs) making up 75-90% of the TBI severity scale. It’s been suggested that repetitive mild TBIs (rmTBIs) may enhance effects of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). With dementia linking TBI and AD together, we investigated the memory hub of the brain - the hippocampus. Astrocytes and microglia are two glial cells that respond to neuroinflammation and therefore imaged in hippocampal regions of the 3xTg-AD mouse brain. We hypothesized that AD brain pathology (i.e., neuroinflammation) would be accelerated in 3xTg-AD mice following rmTBIs early in life. Analyses revealed that …
The Role Of Ehd2 In Endothelial Cells, Rachael Judson
The Role Of Ehd2 In Endothelial Cells, Rachael Judson
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The role of EHD2 in terms of Cav1 interaction had not been previously characterized and was the main goal of this research. Cav1 has been shown to lead to the ubiquitination of Rac1. Because of this, the role of EHD2 in Rac1 regulation was investigated. An increase in long-term migration in endothelial cells was observed and suggested that EHD2 impacts the RhoA pathway instead of the Rac1 pathway. This lead to the hypothesis that EHD2 controls a part of the RhoA pathway. This hypothesis is supported by the loss of filamentous actin and an increase in serrated junctions in cells …
Development Of Endoplasmic Reticulum Targeted Probes And Red Fluorescent Probes For Detecting Zinc, Drew Maslar
Development Of Endoplasmic Reticulum Targeted Probes And Red Fluorescent Probes For Detecting Zinc, Drew Maslar
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Zinc (Zn2+) is the second most abundant transition metal in the body and is important in various biological functions. Fluorescent sensors based on circularly permuted fluorescent proteins (cpFPs) have been previously made to detect labile, or unbound, Zn2+ within the cytoplasm of cells. These sensors have proven invaluable for studying Zn2+, however, these sensors are limited to their use in the cytoplasm and by the fact that only green cpFP have been utilized to create fluorescent Zn2+ sensors. In this thesis, we use a combination of peptide targeting sequences, site-directed mutagenesis, and rational design …
Cellular And Organismal Ramifications Of De Novo Purine Synthesis Dysregulation, Randall Craig Mazzarino
Cellular And Organismal Ramifications Of De Novo Purine Synthesis Dysregulation, Randall Craig Mazzarino
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Purines are a class of nitrogenous bases and are essential small molecules to life. Purines are used within the cell as genetic information carriers, energy currency, signaling molecules, and cofactors for multiple processes. They are formed through de novo and salvage pathways found in cells across the phylogenetic tree. The substrates of enzymes within de novo purine synthesis are known to influence other processes within the cell, such as energy homeostasis. In humans, de novo purine synthesis disorders are rare, with around 100 people identified. These patients exhibit a range of phenotypes, with varying degrees of mental retardation, seizure activity, …
Actin Regulation And Furrow Dynamics During Early Drosophila Embryogenesis, Yi Xie
Actin Regulation And Furrow Dynamics During Early Drosophila Embryogenesis, Yi Xie
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Drosophila embryogenesis starts with a single nucleus undergo 13 rounds of nuclear divisions called syncytial cycles. Staring at cycle 10 when nuclei migrate to the surface of the embryo, massive and dynamic cortical actin structures and cleavage furrow formations occur. How actin regulators coordinate into an organized network directing three-dimension actin structures in the developing organisms is an unsolved question. Here, I present an in-depth characterization of actin cap dynamics: the actin caps go through expansion, stabilization, elongation and fragmentation phases in each cycle. Arp2/3 is the major contributor to actin cap formation. The functions of 7 different actin and …
Akap150 Dynamics In Anterior Pituitary Cells, Kristen E. Dew
Akap150 Dynamics In Anterior Pituitary Cells, Kristen E. Dew
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Cellular communication occurs as a result of changes in signaling pathways. A well-studied signaling pathway is through G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). In gonadotropes, GPCR stimulation by GnRH leads to the activation of protein kinase A (PKA). Activated PKA can phosphorylate ion channels, potentially causing an influx of calcium, depolarization and secretion of hormones. A scaffolding protein known as AKAP150 anchors PKA near L-type calcium channels. In addition, AKAP150 anchors phosphatases, which provides temporal control during signaling events. It was recently shown that AKAP150 is mobile in neuronal dendrites, providing regulation to where the signaling cascade occurs in the cell. …
Regulation Of Synaptogenesis By The Mirna Pathway And Fmr/P Bodies, Jacqueline Rochelle Furlong
Regulation Of Synaptogenesis By The Mirna Pathway And Fmr/P Bodies, Jacqueline Rochelle Furlong
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Post-transcriptional regulation of mRNA is facilitated by different mechanisms, such as microRNA (miRNA) induced gene silencing or fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) mediated repression either independent of or acting through cytoplasmic RNA Processing bodies (P bodies). DPTP99A, Lar, and Wg have known functions during synaptogenesis and may be targets of miR-8. Here, we provide evidence that miR-8 regulates DPTP99A in vitro. Non-endogenous miR-8 expressed using an UAS driver regulates Lar. Endogenous miR-8 may regulate DPTP99A in vivo. Here we show that FMRP is capable of colocalizing with the P body components: DCP1, HPat, and Me31B, but not …
Rala And Rab8 Regulate Drosophila Embryogenesis, Zhongyuan Zuo
Rala And Rab8 Regulate Drosophila Embryogenesis, Zhongyuan Zuo
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Pseudocleavage furrow dynamics initiate at cycle 10 to help with mitotic divisions that lack cytokinesis. Permanent furrows then form at the beginning of cellularization (cycle 14). Cytoskeletal networks such as F-actin and non-muscle Myosin II have been demonstrated to be required for furrow formation and provide anchor points for chromosomal segregation. However, what drives the onset of furrow formation and membrane addition remains largely unclear. In my thesis, I have explored RalA and Rab8 function during furrow formation at metaphase and cellularization stages. These furrows are critical for correct chromosomal segregation, while disruption of furrow formation results in severe developmental …
A Role For Dynamin-Dependent Endocytosis During Drosophila Gastrulation, Marissa Kay Kuhl
A Role For Dynamin-Dependent Endocytosis During Drosophila Gastrulation, Marissa Kay Kuhl
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Gastrulation, a process conserved among many higher organisms, is the directed migration of cells into layers that will establish various tissues targeted to become anatomical structures. This process is accomplished through another conserved morphogenetic event, known as cell intercalation. Early in development, this movement of cells within an organized tissue leads to unique cellular arrangements where neighboring cells contract their shared interfaces in order to meet at a shared vertex. In this thesis, I present work that demonstrates a requirement for Dynamin-dependent endocytosis during these contraction events. Using quantitative analysis, I have identified varied cell behaviors during experiments which knockdown …
Estradiol Modulation Of Calcium Dynamics In Pituitary Mmq Lactotroph Cells, Monika Pauckova
Estradiol Modulation Of Calcium Dynamics In Pituitary Mmq Lactotroph Cells, Monika Pauckova
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Pituitary lactotrophs are excitable cells that exhibit spontaneous, calcium influx triggering prolactin (PRL) secretion to stimulate lactation. Lactotrophs express estrogen receptors (ER) and are a well established estrogen-responsive cell system. 17B-estradiol (E2) is known to directly affect lactotrophs by increasing PRL transcription and biosynthesis, intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) and PRL secretion. This study demonstrates that the MMQ clonal cell line, isolated from the 7315a rat pituitary tumor, is a model lactotroph cell line that is E2-responsive. Spontaneous and evoked Ca2+ transients were especially sensitive to L-type channel block, but not affected by block of omega-conotoxin-GVIA-sensitive CaV channels or TTX-sensitive voltage-gated …
Neuronal Calcium Regulation And Cellular Stress In A Malignant Hyperthermia Disease Model, Jason Santiago
Neuronal Calcium Regulation And Cellular Stress In A Malignant Hyperthermia Disease Model, Jason Santiago
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Calcium ions (Ca2+) are essential signaling molecules and must be carefully regulated to preserve specificity in function. One indispensible Ca2+ signaling protein is the ryanodine receptor (RyR) calcium release channel. RyR1 is essential for muscle contraction, and RyR1mutations can lead to severe muscle disorders such as malignant hyperthermia (MH). Recently, a mouse model of human MH (Y522S-RyR1) has been developed. In skeletal muscle, Y522S-RyR1 exhibits an increased sensitivity to activation resulting in Ca2+ leak, mitochondrial disorganization, and cellular stress. Although RyR1 expression is limited in the brain, the cerebellum may be particularly vulnerable to this disease because RyR1 is highly …
Purinergic Receptors In The Circumvallate Papillae Of Rats, Alana Marselle Montoya
Purinergic Receptors In The Circumvallate Papillae Of Rats, Alana Marselle Montoya
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
P2X2 receptors and P2Y4 receptors are ATP-activated cell surface receptors that gate movement of K+, Na+, and Ca2+. We used immunocytochemistry for P2X2 and P2Y4 receptors as well as taste cell type markers to learn if P2X2 immunoreactivity (IR) is present in nerve processes in close apposition to Type II and/or Type III taste cells. We also tested to see if P2Y4 IR is present in Type II and/or Type III taste cells. Our results indicate that P2X2 is present only in intragemmal nerve processes. P2X2-LIR nerve processes form close contacts with Type II and Type III taste cells. P2Y4 …