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Theses/Dissertations

Estrogen

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Full-Text Articles in Biology

Uncovering Molecular Targets To Overcome Immunosuppression In Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer With Acquired Tki Resistance, Sonia A. Patel May 2023

Uncovering Molecular Targets To Overcome Immunosuppression In Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer With Acquired Tki Resistance, Sonia A. Patel

Dissertations & Theses (Open Access)

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Targeted therapeutic agents, such as epidermal-like growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) or monoclonal antibodies targeting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF/R), can effectively inhibit upregulated signaling pathways driving tumorigenesis in NSCLC and many other cancers. Unfortunately, however, resistance to such targeted therapies inevitably arise in most patients and can occur through a variety of resistance mechanisms including genomic alterations and upregulation of bypass pathways. Additionally, patients who have acquired resistance to these targeted agents typically have tumors characterized by an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and thus …

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Estrogen Regulation Of Daily Metabolic Rhythms In Female Mice, Oluwabukola Omotola Jan 2022

Estrogen Regulation Of Daily Metabolic Rhythms In Female Mice, Oluwabukola Omotola

Theses and Dissertations--Biology

Circadian rhythms are approximately 24-hour cycles of behavior, physiology, and gene expression. In mammals, these circadian rhythms are generated by clocks located in nearly every tissue in the body. The function of circadian clocks is to synchronize physiology and behavior with environmental cycles such as the light-dark cycle. After menopause, when circulating levels of estrogens are very low, women are more susceptible to obesity comorbidities such as metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease, suggesting that estrogens regulate these processes. Estrogens could protect females from metabolic dysfunction by regulating circadian rhythms. Consumption of diets that are high in fat contribute to obesity. …

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Sex Differences In The Co-Expression Of Estrogen Receptor Alpha With Corticotropin Releasing Factor, Deborah Ariyibi Dec 2021

Sex Differences In The Co-Expression Of Estrogen Receptor Alpha With Corticotropin Releasing Factor, Deborah Ariyibi

Biological Sciences

Women are far more likely to develop anxiety and depression than men. It is believed that the dysregulation of the HPA axis by the binding of corticotropin -releasing factor (CRF) to the corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 1 (CRFR1) contributes to the likelihood of these stress- related disorders. Estrogens acting through Estrogen receptor alpha (ERa) have been shown to increase anxiety production upon activating the HPA axis. In this current study, we explored whether CRF-expressing neurons in various regions of the brain express ERa. The levels of ERa were counted in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BST), the medial preoptic …

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Estrogen Modulation Of Vta Dopamine Neuron Physiology And Behavioral Responsivity To Variable Social Stressors, Mary R. Shanley Sep 2021

Estrogen Modulation Of Vta Dopamine Neuron Physiology And Behavioral Responsivity To Variable Social Stressors, Mary R. Shanley

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

The behavioral output of different animals, or even the same animal in different contexts, is remarkably variable in response to the same external stimulus. This behavioral diversity is due to the complex integration of external and internal stimuli, through both neuronal and hormonal signals that selects the best behavioral response. By their nature as long-distance signaling molecules, hormones play a critical role in communicating information about internal states across the organism. Many hormones produced in the periphery target the central nervous system to modulate animal behavior, selecting for behaviors that are appropriate over behaviors that are maladaptive in that specific …

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Effects Of Synthetic Estrogen (17Α-Ethinyl Estradiol) On Male Fiddler Crab Aggression, Micayla Shirley May 2021

Effects Of Synthetic Estrogen (17Α-Ethinyl Estradiol) On Male Fiddler Crab Aggression, Micayla Shirley

Honors College Theses

Pharmaceuticals, including hormones and antibiotics, are considered contaminants due to their widespread use and release into the environment. Hormones, like the synthetic estrogen used in oral contraceptives (17α-ethinylestradiol), are present in freshwater and marine systems, but with relatively unknown effects on the organisms that live there. Ethinylestradiol (EE2) accumulates in waterlogged soil (sediment) with potential to harm sediment-dwelling animals. For example, fiddler crabs (Uca pugilator) are vital members of salt marsh communities. Their burrowing adds oxygen to sediments and cycles nutrients, and they are an important food resource to birds and raccoons. Male fiddler crabs are territorial, aggressively …

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Estrogen Disruption Of Hypothalamic Neural Activity, Princess Dickson Jan 2021

Estrogen Disruption Of Hypothalamic Neural Activity, Princess Dickson

Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects

The brain is highly dependent on the endocrine system for proper neurodevelopment, as it plays a key role in many biological processes. Bisphenol A is a chemical found in plastics that has the potential to mimic the effects of Estrogen in the body, at least weakly. People interact with plastic that contains BPA regularly, and people are at risk for exposure even before being born. The abundance of BPA, along with other exogenous estrogens, makes examining the relationship between early exposure and changes in brain activity imperative. The current study aims to establish a relationship between disrupted estrogen function and …

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Examining The Effects Of Fadrozole, An Aromatase Inhibitor, On Testosterone And Estrogen Production Of Domestic Chicken Embryos (Gallus Gallus), Abby E. Joseph Jan 2019

Examining The Effects Of Fadrozole, An Aromatase Inhibitor, On Testosterone And Estrogen Production Of Domestic Chicken Embryos (Gallus Gallus), Abby E. Joseph

Honors Theses

The hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis is responsible for the production of the hormones testosterone and estradiol, and testosterone is thought to contribute to regulation of the axis through a negative feedback mechanism. Regulation by negative feedback involves the product of a pathway turning off that pathway when enough product is made. However, because the enzyme P450 aromatase converts testosterone to estradiol, estradiol may also contribute to regulation of the HPG axis and other phenomena that have been attributed to testosterone, like the inhibition of immune function. Previous studies have injected birds with an aromatase inhibitor (presumably reducing estradiol production) and shown …

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The Effects Of The Environmental Estrogens Cadmium And Arsenite On Phosphorylation Of Erk1/2 Via Gpr30 In Human Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells, Katarzyna Krauss May 2016

The Effects Of The Environmental Estrogens Cadmium And Arsenite On Phosphorylation Of Erk1/2 Via Gpr30 In Human Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells, Katarzyna Krauss

Undergraduate Theses

Nanomolar concentrations of both cadmium and arsenite, two environmental estrogens present in cigarette smoke, have been documented in rapidly phosphorylating ERK1/2, a type of MAPK, in the human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) line NHI-1793 in a manner similar to that of estrogen. Pretreatment of cells with a general, nonspecific estrogen receptor antagonist reduced the levels of phosphorylated MAPK, indicating that this phosphorylation event is achieved through use of an estrogen signaling pathway. The specific estrogen receptor involved in this process, however, is currently unknown. To determine whether GPR30, one of the three types of estrogen receptors, is necessary for …

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The Involvement Of Estrogen Receptors In Astrocyte Survival, Lauren M. Johnson Jan 2016

The Involvement Of Estrogen Receptors In Astrocyte Survival, Lauren M. Johnson

Theses and Dissertations

Estrogens are a class of hormones that are demonstrated to be neuroprotective. The levels of estrogen in the body decline during menopause which can cause a variety of symptoms. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is a treatment option for menopause, however, it has been demonstrated to have adverse side effects. Of the treatment options for adverse side effects of HRT, Selective estrogen Down-regulators do not appear to have an agonist effects on estrogen receptors while Selective estrogen receptor Modulators do. The aim of this study was to determine the role that estrogen receptors play in the survival of astrocytes when placed …

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Influence Of Estradiol And Exercise On Foot Laxity, Ankle Laxity, And Plantar Loading In College Athletes, Kristina Teri Silke May 2011

Influence Of Estradiol And Exercise On Foot Laxity, Ankle Laxity, And Plantar Loading In College Athletes, Kristina Teri Silke

Masters Theses, 2010-2019

As female participation in athletics has increased, it has become apparent that sex differences exist in sports-related injury types and frequencies. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of exercise and the sex hormone estradiol on sex differences in foot and ankle laxity and plantar pressure. We measured serum estradiol, pre- and post-fatigue ankle and toe laxity, and pre- and post-fatigue plantar pressure in 47 subjects (34 female, 13 male) once a week for 12 weeks. We compared laxity and plantar pressure in females not using oral contraceptive (NOC) to females using oral contraceptives (OC) and males. …

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Estrogenic Regulation Of The Immune System In A Murine Model For Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Matthew James Zuber Apr 2011

Estrogenic Regulation Of The Immune System In A Murine Model For Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Matthew James Zuber

Biology Honors Papers

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus is a damaging autoimmune disease afflicting millions of people worldwide. Lupus is characterized by an overabundance of autoantibodies, proteins directing the immune system to destroy a person's own body, what it would normally be protecting. The molecular mechanisms, environmental influences, and genetic predispositions of Lupus are not yet fully understood. However, nine out of ten Lupus patients are women between the age of puberty and menopause, when estrogen levels are highest. The fact that women are significantly more prone to suffer from Lupus than men leads experts to believe that the sex hormone estrogen which is present …

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Creating Rna Aptamers To Modulate Function Of Human Estrogen Receptor Alpha, Daiying Xu Jan 2011

Creating Rna Aptamers To Modulate Function Of Human Estrogen Receptor Alpha, Daiying Xu

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

ABSTRACT

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Anatomy And Physiology Of The Nucleus Paragigantocellularis: Neural Regulation Of Genital Reflexes In Male And Female Rats, Joseph Jeremy Normandin Apr 2010

Anatomy And Physiology Of The Nucleus Paragigantocellularis: Neural Regulation Of Genital Reflexes In Male And Female Rats, Joseph Jeremy Normandin

Biology Dissertations

The supraspinal control of descending inhibition of genital reflexes (such as ejaculation) is poorly understood but is important in our global comprehension of how neural signals are integrated to produce sexual behavior, and in our understanding of sexual dysfunction. Sexual dysfunctions, such as premature ejaculation/delayed ejaculation in men, and involuntary vaginal spasms, dyspareunia, and anorgasmia in women, are common. An underlying dysregulation of genital reflexes may produce these dysfunctions, especially in those individuals being treated for depression and anxiety with serotonergic drugs. The nucleus paragigantocellularis (nPGi) of the rat medulla has been described as a descending inhibitory system for genital …

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Differential Effects Of Estrogen Receptor Alpha Suppression By Antisense Oligodeoxynucleotides In The Medial Preoptic Area And The Medial Amygdala On Male Rat Mating Behavior, Jacquelyn Carrie Paisley Dec 2007

Differential Effects Of Estrogen Receptor Alpha Suppression By Antisense Oligodeoxynucleotides In The Medial Preoptic Area And The Medial Amygdala On Male Rat Mating Behavior, Jacquelyn Carrie Paisley

Biology Theses

Male rat copulation is mediated by estrogen-sensitive neurons in the medial preoptic area (MPO) and medial amygdala (MEA); however, the mechanisms through which estradiol (E2) acts are not fully understood. We hypothesized that E2 acts through estrogen receptor α (ERα) in the MPO and MEA to promote male mating behavior. Antisense oligodeoxyneucleotides (AS-ODN) complementary to ERα mRNA were bilaterally infused via minipumps into either brain area to block the synthesis of ERα, which we predicted would reduce mating. Western blot analysis and immunocytochemistry revealed a knockdown of ERα in each brain region; however, compared to saline controls, males receiving AS-ODN …

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The Expression Of P68 Protein In The Australian Zebra Finch Brain Across Development, Chukwuemeka Franklin Okeke May 2007

The Expression Of P68 Protein In The Australian Zebra Finch Brain Across Development, Chukwuemeka Franklin Okeke

Biology Theses

Steroid hormones and receptors play a role in regulating biological events underlying brain development and sexual differentiation. Current evidence indicates that circulating sex steroid hormones are not entirely responsible for development of neural sex differences in song birds such as the zebra finch. p68, as a coactivator specific for estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and an essential factor in early tissue development and maturation might play a role in sexual differentiation. Zebra finches have a sexually dimorphic song control nuclei in the brain, males have larger song nuclei than females, and are ideal model for investigating the mechanisms controlling sexual differentiation …

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An Examination Of The Human Fibrinogen-Like Protein2: Sequence Variations And Genetic Expression By Human Endothelial Cells, Meredith E. Jenkins Jan 2006

An Examination Of The Human Fibrinogen-Like Protein2: Sequence Variations And Genetic Expression By Human Endothelial Cells, Meredith E. Jenkins

Biology Theses

A role for Fgl2 (fibroleukin) in thrombophilic-associated human fetal loss has been indicated by previous studies. Clotting of vascular vessels of the placenta and fetus interferes with adequate blood circulation. The human Fgl2 gene was sequenced with identification of six SNPs, suggesting an association with a population of women suffering from recurrent fetal losses. A small sample size however, prevented precise statistical analyses of this association. In vitro, human endothelial cells (HUVECs) were not found to constitutively express Fgl2, but were shown to up-regulate its expression when challenged with IFN-γ and TNF-α. Interestingly, TNF-α was only shown to induce expression …

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Social Interactions Of Lythrypnus Dalli And Their Effects On Aggression, Neuropeptides, Steroid Metabolism, And Sex-Typical Morphology, Michael Paul Black Apr 2005

Social Interactions Of Lythrypnus Dalli And Their Effects On Aggression, Neuropeptides, Steroid Metabolism, And Sex-Typical Morphology, Michael Paul Black

Biology Dissertations

Social interactions can have profound effects on the behavior, physiology, and overall fitness of an individual. An example of this in Lythrypnus dalli is the removal of a male from a social group resulting in a dominant female fish changing sex. The dominant female's transformation involves a suite of changes including brain, behavior, morphology, and physiology. Following the social trigger (male removal), sex-changing individuals' morphology, steroid levels, and changes in the behavior were quantified in the field and compared to results found previously in the laboratory. There were lower rates of aggressive and courtship behavior in the field, but the …

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Ovarian Steroid Regulation Of Tryptophan Hydroxylase Enzyme Level In The Midbrain Raphe In Ovariectomized Guinea Pigs, Zhidong Lu Jul 1997

Ovarian Steroid Regulation Of Tryptophan Hydroxylase Enzyme Level In The Midbrain Raphe In Ovariectomized Guinea Pigs, Zhidong Lu

Dissertations and Theses

Progesterone stimulates prolactin secretion in estrogen ( estradiol-17-~)primed monkeys and guinea pigs. It is hypothesized that the serotonin neural system plays a pivotol role in mediating the effect of progesterone on prolactin secretion. Indeed, progesterone, but not estrogen, increases serotonin levels in the midbrain raphe in guinea pigs. However, estrogen alone stimulates gene expression of the rate-limiting enzyme for serotonin synthesis, tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH), and progesterone supplement to the estrogen regimen has no additive effect, as indicated by TPH mRNA levels in monkeys. The discrepancy between ovarian steroid effects on the TPH mRNA level and the serotonin level might be …

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