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Articles 1 - 30 of 38
Full-Text Articles in Biology
Pattern Analysis Of Microtubule-Polymerizing And -Depolymerizing Agent Combinations As Cancer Chemotherapies, Carol A. Heckman, S. O. Uppal, Y. Li, E. Wendt, M. L. Cayer, J. Barnes, D. Conway, N. Boudreau
Pattern Analysis Of Microtubule-Polymerizing And -Depolymerizing Agent Combinations As Cancer Chemotherapies, Carol A. Heckman, S. O. Uppal, Y. Li, E. Wendt, M. L. Cayer, J. Barnes, D. Conway, N. Boudreau
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
Subcellular distribution of mass can be analyzed by a technique that involves culturing cells on interferometers and digitizing their interference contours. Contour sampling resulted in 102 variables per cell, which were predictors of oncogenic transformation. Cell phenotypes can be deconstructed by use of latent factors, which represent the covariance of the real variables. The reversal of the cancertype phenotype by a combination of microtubule- stabilizing and -depolymerizing agents was described previously. The implications of these results have been explored by clinicians who treated patients with the combination of docetaxel and vinorelbine (Navelbine®). The current study was performed to determine the …
Vertebrate Osmoregulation: A Student Laboratory Exercise Using Teleost Fish, Bernard Rees
Vertebrate Osmoregulation: A Student Laboratory Exercise Using Teleost Fish, Bernard Rees
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
Anaerobic metabolism is recruited in vertebrates under conditions of intense exercise or lowered environmental oxygen availability (hypoxia), typically resulting in the accumulation of lactate in blood and tissues. Lactate will be cleared over time after the reoxygenation of tissues, eventually returning to control levels. Here, we present a laboratory exercise developed as part of an upper-level vertebrate physiology class that demonstrates the effects of exercise and hypoxia exposure on blood lactate in fish and the subsequent decrease in lactate during recovery. Typically, the results obtained by students demonstrate that both treatments cause significant increases in blood lactate concentrations (two to …
Fundulus As The Premier Teleost Model In Environmental Biology: Opportunities For New Insights Using Genomics, Bernard Rees
Fundulus As The Premier Teleost Model In Environmental Biology: Opportunities For New Insights Using Genomics, Bernard Rees
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
A strong foundation of basic and applied research documents that the estuarine fish Fundulus heteroclitus and related species are unique laboratory and field models for understanding how individuals and populations interact with their environment. In this paper we summarize an extensive body of work examining the adaptive responses of Fundulus species to environmental conditions, and describe how this research has contributed importantly to our understanding of physiology, gene regulation, toxicology, and ecological and evolutionary genetics of teleosts and other vertebrates. These explorations have reached a critical juncture at which advancement is hindered by the lack of genomic resources for these …
A Novel Zinc-Binding Domain Is Essential For Formation Of The Functional Junin Virus Envelope Glycoprotein Complex, Joanne York, Jack H. Nunberg
A Novel Zinc-Binding Domain Is Essential For Formation Of The Functional Junin Virus Envelope Glycoprotein Complex, Joanne York, Jack H. Nunberg
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
The envelope glycoprotein of the Junin arenavirus (GP-C) mediates entry into target cells through a pH-dependent membrane fusion mechanism. Unlike other class I viral fusion proteins, the mature GP-C complex retains a cleaved, 58-amino-acid signal peptide (SSP) as an essential subunit, required both for trafficking of GP-C to the cell surface and for the activation of membrane fusion. SSP has been shown to associate noncovalently in GP-C via the cytoplasmic domain (CTD) of the transmembrane fusion subunit G2. In this report we investigate the molecular basis for this intersubunit interaction. We identify an invariant series of six cysteine and histidine …
Structural Biology: A Receptor Unlocked, Stephen R. Sprang
Structural Biology: A Receptor Unlocked, Stephen R. Sprang
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Additive And Synergistic Bactericidal Activity Of Antibodies Directed Against Minor Outer Membrane Proteins Of Neisseria Meningitidis, Vincent E. Weynants, Christiane M. Feron, Karine K. Goraj, Martine P. Bos, Philippe A. Denoeal, Vincent G. Verlant, Jan Tommassen, Ian R. A. Peak, Ralph C. Judd, Michael P. Jennings, Jan T. Poolman
Additive And Synergistic Bactericidal Activity Of Antibodies Directed Against Minor Outer Membrane Proteins Of Neisseria Meningitidis, Vincent E. Weynants, Christiane M. Feron, Karine K. Goraj, Martine P. Bos, Philippe A. Denoeal, Vincent G. Verlant, Jan Tommassen, Ian R. A. Peak, Ralph C. Judd, Michael P. Jennings, Jan T. Poolman
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B is a major cause of bacterial meningitis in younger populations. The available vaccines are based on outer membrane vesicles obtained from wild-type strains. In children less than 2 years old they confer protection only against strains expressing homologous PorA, a major, variable outer membrane protein (OMP). We genetically modified a strain in order to eliminate PorA and to overproduce one or several minor and conserved OMPs. Using a mouse model mimicking children's PorA-specific bactericidal activity, it was demonstrated that overproduction of more than one minor OMP is required to elicit antibodies able to induce complement-mediated killing …
Evaluating Forensic Dna Evidence - A Day-Long Workshop, Dan E. Krane, William C. Thompson
Evaluating Forensic Dna Evidence - A Day-Long Workshop, Dan E. Krane, William C. Thompson
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Native Plant Diversity Resists Invasion At Both Low And High Resource Levels, John L. Maron, Marilyn Marler
Native Plant Diversity Resists Invasion At Both Low And High Resource Levels, John L. Maron, Marilyn Marler
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
Human modification of the environment is causing both loss of species and changes in resource availability. While studies have examined how species loss at the local level can influence invasion resistance, interactions between species loss and other components of environmental change remain poorly studied. In particular, the manner in which native diversity interacts with resource availability to influence invasion resistance is not well understood. We created experimental plant assemblages that varied in native species (1–16 species) and/or functional richness (defined by rooting morphology and phenology; one to five functional groups). We crossed these diversity treatments with resource (water) addition to …
Transcriptional Regulation Of The Heme Binding Protein Gene Family Of Bartonella Quintana Is Accomplished By A Novel Promoter Element And Iron Response Regulator, James M. Battisti, Laura S. Smitherman, Kate N. Sappington, Nermi L. Parrow, Rahul Raghavan, Michael F. Minnick
Transcriptional Regulation Of The Heme Binding Protein Gene Family Of Bartonella Quintana Is Accomplished By A Novel Promoter Element And Iron Response Regulator, James M. Battisti, Laura S. Smitherman, Kate N. Sappington, Nermi L. Parrow, Rahul Raghavan, Michael F. Minnick
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
We previously identified a five-member family of hemin-binding proteins (Hbp's) of Bartonella quintana that bind hemin on the outer surface but share no homology with known bacterial heme receptors. Subsequently, we demonstrated that expression of the hbp family is significantly influenced by oxygen, heme, and temperature conditions encountered by the pathogen in the human host and the body louse vector; e.g., we observed a dramatic (>100-fold) increase in hbpC transcript levels in response to the "louse-like" temperature of 30 degrees C. The goal of the present study was to identify a transcription factor(s) involved in the coordinated and differential …
The Unusual 23s Rrna Gene Of Coxiella Burnetii: Two Self-Splicing Group I Introns Flank A 34-Base-Pair Exon, And One Element Lacks The Canonical Omega G, Rahul Raghavan, Scott R. Miller, Linda D. Hicks, Michael F. Minnick
The Unusual 23s Rrna Gene Of Coxiella Burnetii: Two Self-Splicing Group I Introns Flank A 34-Base-Pair Exon, And One Element Lacks The Canonical Omega G, Rahul Raghavan, Scott R. Miller, Linda D. Hicks, Michael F. Minnick
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
We describe the presence and characteristics of two self-splicing group I introns in the sole 23S rRNA gene of Coxiella burnetii. The two group I introns, Cbu.L1917 and Cbu.L1951, are inserted at sites 1917 and 1951 (Escherichia coli numbering), respectively, in the 23S rRNA gene of C. bumetii. Both introns were found to be self-splicing in vivo and in vitro even though the terminal nucleotide of Cbu.L1917 is adenine and not the canonical conserved guanine, termed Omega G, found in Cbu.L1951 and all other group I introns described to date. Predicted secondary structures for both introns were constructed and revealed …
Phylogeography Of The Thermophilic Cyanobacterium Mastigocladus Laminosus, Scott R. Miller, Richard W. Castenholz, Deana Pedersen
Phylogeography Of The Thermophilic Cyanobacterium Mastigocladus Laminosus, Scott R. Miller, Richard W. Castenholz, Deana Pedersen
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
We have taken a phylogeographic approach to investigate the demographic and evolutionary processes that have shaped the geographic patterns of genetic diversity for a sample of isolates of the cosmopolitan thermophillic cyanobacterial Mastigocladus laminosus morphotype collected from throughout most of its range. Although M. laminosus is found in thermal areas throughout the world, our observation that populations are typically genetically differentiated on local geographic scales suggests the existence of dispersal barriers, a conclusion corroborated by evidence for genetic isolation by distance. Genealogies inferred using nitrogen metabolism gene sequence data suggest that a significant amount of the extant global diversity of …
High Rates Of Sulfate Reduction In A Low-Sulfate Hot Spring Microbial Mat Are Driven By A Low Level Of Diversity Of Sulfate-Respiring Microorganisms, Jesse G. Dillon, Susan Fishbain, Scott R. Miller, Brad M. Bebout, Kristen S. Habicht, Samuel M. Webb, David A. Stahl
High Rates Of Sulfate Reduction In A Low-Sulfate Hot Spring Microbial Mat Are Driven By A Low Level Of Diversity Of Sulfate-Respiring Microorganisms, Jesse G. Dillon, Susan Fishbain, Scott R. Miller, Brad M. Bebout, Kristen S. Habicht, Samuel M. Webb, David A. Stahl
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
The importance of sulfate respiration in the microbial mat found in the low-sulfate thermal outflow of Mushroom Spring in Yellowstone National Park was evaluated using a combination of molecular, microelectrode, and radiotracer studies. Despite very low sulfate concentrations, this mat community was shown to sustain a highly active sulfur cycle. The highest rates of sulfate respiration were measured close to the surface of the mat late in the day when photosynthetic oxygen production ceased and were associated with a Thermodesuffiovibrio-like population. Reduced activity at greater depths was correlated with novel populations of sulfate-reducing microorganisms, unrelated to characterized species, and most …
Hiv-2 Rna Dimerization Is Regulated By Intramolecular Interactions In Vitro, Tayyba T. Baig, Jean-Marc Lanchy, J. Stephen Lodmell
Hiv-2 Rna Dimerization Is Regulated By Intramolecular Interactions In Vitro, Tayyba T. Baig, Jean-Marc Lanchy, J. Stephen Lodmell
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
Genomic RNA dimerization is an essential process in the retroviral replication cycle. In vitro, HIV-2 RNA dimerization is mediated at least in part by direct intermolecular interaction at stem-loop 1 (SL1) within the 5'-untranslated leader region (UTR). RNA dimerization is thought to be regulated via alternate presentation and sequestration of dimerization signals by intramolecular base- pairings. One of the proposed regulatory elements is a palindrome sequence ( pal) located upstream of SL1. To investigate the role of pal in the regulation of HIV-2 dimerization, we randomized this motif and selected in vitro for dimerization- competent and dimerization-impaired RNAs. Energy minimization …
Keeping Insects At Bay: Beyond Deet, Thomas P. Rooney
Keeping Insects At Bay: Beyond Deet, Thomas P. Rooney
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Comparison Of C. Elegans And C. Briggsae Genome Sequences Reveals Extensive Conservation Of Chromosome Organization And Synteny, Ladeana W. Hiller, Raymond D. Miller, Scott Everet Baird, Asif Chinwalla, Lucinda A. Fulton, Daniel C. Koboldt, Robert H. Waterston
Comparison Of C. Elegans And C. Briggsae Genome Sequences Reveals Extensive Conservation Of Chromosome Organization And Synteny, Ladeana W. Hiller, Raymond D. Miller, Scott Everet Baird, Asif Chinwalla, Lucinda A. Fulton, Daniel C. Koboldt, Robert H. Waterston
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
To determine whether the distinctive features of Caenorhabditis elegans chromosomal organization are shared with the C. briggsae genome, we constructed a single nucleotide polymorphism-based genetic map to order and orient the whole genome shotgun assembly along the six C. briggsae chromosomes. Although these species are of the same genus, their most recent common ancestor existed 80-110 million years ago, and thus they are more evolutionarily distant than, for example, human and mouse. We found that, like C. elegans chromosomes, C. briggsae chromosomes exhibit high levels of recombination on the arms along with higher repeat density, a higher fraction of intronic …
Essential Elements Of A Defense-Review Of Dna Testing Results, Dan E. Krane
Essential Elements Of A Defense-Review Of Dna Testing Results, Dan E. Krane
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Proteomic And Immunoblot Analyses Of Bartonella Quintana Total Membrane Proteins Identify Antigens Recognized By Sera From Infected Patients, Jenni K. Boonjakuakul, Helen L. Gerns, Yu-Ting Chen, Linda D. Hicks, Michael F. Minnick, Scott E. Dixon, Steven C. Hall, Jane E. Koehler
Proteomic And Immunoblot Analyses Of Bartonella Quintana Total Membrane Proteins Identify Antigens Recognized By Sera From Infected Patients, Jenni K. Boonjakuakul, Helen L. Gerns, Yu-Ting Chen, Linda D. Hicks, Michael F. Minnick, Scott E. Dixon, Steven C. Hall, Jane E. Koehler
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
Bartonella quintana is a fastidious, gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium that causes prolonged bacteremia in immunocompetent humans and severe infections in immunocompromised individuals. We sought to define the outer membrane subproteome of B. quintana in order to obtain insight into the biology and pathogenesis of this emerging pathogen and to identify the predominant B. quintana antigens targeted by the human immune system during infection. We isolated the total membrane proteins of B. quintana and identified 60 proteins by two-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and peptide mass fingerprinting. Using the newly constructed proteome map, we then utilized two-dimensional immunoblotting with sera from …
An Extended Stem-Loop 1 Is Necessary For Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 2 Replication And Affects Genomic Rna Encapsidation, Jean-Marc Lanchy, J. Stephen Lodmell
An Extended Stem-Loop 1 Is Necessary For Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 2 Replication And Affects Genomic Rna Encapsidation, Jean-Marc Lanchy, J. Stephen Lodmell
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
Genomic RNA encapsidation in lentiviruses is a highly selective and regulated process. The unspliced RNA molecules are selected for encapsidation from a pool of many different viral and cellular RNA species. Moreover, two molecules are encapsidated per viral particle, where they are found associated as a dimer. In this study, we demonstrate that a 10-nucleotide palindromic sequence (pal) located at the 3' end of the psi encapsidation signal is critical for human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) replication and affects genomic RNA encapsidation. We used short-term and long-term culture of pal-mutated viruses in permissive C8166 cells and their phenotypic reversion …
Bitopic Membrane Topology Of The Stable Signal Peptide In The Tripartite Junin Virus Gp-C Envelope Glycoprotein Complex, Sudhakar S. Agnihothram, Joanne York, Meg Trahey, Jack H. Nunberg
Bitopic Membrane Topology Of The Stable Signal Peptide In The Tripartite Junin Virus Gp-C Envelope Glycoprotein Complex, Sudhakar S. Agnihothram, Joanne York, Meg Trahey, Jack H. Nunberg
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
The stable signal peptide (SSP) of the GP-C envelope glycoprotein of the Junin arenavirus plays a critical role in trafficking of the GP-C complex to the cell surface and in its membrane fusion activity. SSP therefore may function on both sides of the lipid membrane. In this study, we have investigated the membrane topology of SSP by confocal microscopy of cells treated with the detergent digitonin to selectively permeabilize the plasma membrane. By using an affinity tag to mark the termini of SSP in the properly assembled GP-C complex, we find that both the N and C termini reside in …
Filling Key Gaps In Population And Community Ecology, Anurag A. Agrawal, David D. Ackerly, Fred Adler, A. Elizabeth Arnold, Carla Cáceres, Daniel F. Doak, Eric Post, Peter J. Hudson, John L. Maron, Kailen A. Mooney, Mary Power, Doug Schemske, Jay Stachowicz, Sharon Strauss, Monica G. Turner, Earl Werner
Filling Key Gaps In Population And Community Ecology, Anurag A. Agrawal, David D. Ackerly, Fred Adler, A. Elizabeth Arnold, Carla Cáceres, Daniel F. Doak, Eric Post, Peter J. Hudson, John L. Maron, Kailen A. Mooney, Mary Power, Doug Schemske, Jay Stachowicz, Sharon Strauss, Monica G. Turner, Earl Werner
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
We propose research to fill key gaps in the areas of population and community ecology, based on a National Science Foundation workshop identifying funding priorities for the next 5–10 years. Our vision for the near future of ecology focuses on three core areas: predicting the strength and context-dependence of species interactions across multiple scales; identifying the importance of feedbacks from individual interactions to ecosystem dynamics; and linking pattern with process to understand species coexistence. We outline a combination of theory development and explicit, realistic tests of hypotheses needed to advance population and community ecology.
Direct And Interactive Effects Of Enemies And Mutualists On Plant Performance: A Meta-Analysis, William F. Morris, Ruth A. Hufbauer, Anurag A. Agrawal, James D. Bever, Victoria A. Borowicz, Gregory S. Gilbert, John L. Maron, Charles E. Mitchell, Ingrid M. Parker, Alison G. Power, Mark E. Torchin, Diego P. Vázquez
Direct And Interactive Effects Of Enemies And Mutualists On Plant Performance: A Meta-Analysis, William F. Morris, Ruth A. Hufbauer, Anurag A. Agrawal, James D. Bever, Victoria A. Borowicz, Gregory S. Gilbert, John L. Maron, Charles E. Mitchell, Ingrid M. Parker, Alison G. Power, Mark E. Torchin, Diego P. Vázquez
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
Plants engage in multiple, simultaneous interactions with other species; some (enemies) reduce and others (mutualists) enhance plant performance. Moreover, effects of different species may not be independent of one another; for example, enemies may compete, reducing their negative impact on a plant. The magnitudes of positive and negative effects, as well as the frequency of interactive effects and whether they tend to enhance or depress plant performance, have never been comprehensively assessed across the many published studies on plant–enemy and plant–mutualist interactions. We performed a meta-analysis of experiments in which two enemies, two mutualists, or an enemy and a mutualist …
Climate, Hydrologic Disturbance, And Succession: Drivers Of Floodplain Pattern, Diane C. Whited, Mark S. Lorang, Mary J. Harner, F. Richard Hauer, John S. Kimball, Jack Arthur Stanford
Climate, Hydrologic Disturbance, And Succession: Drivers Of Floodplain Pattern, Diane C. Whited, Mark S. Lorang, Mary J. Harner, F. Richard Hauer, John S. Kimball, Jack Arthur Stanford
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
Floodplains are among the world's most threatened ecosystems due to the pervasiveness of dams, levee systems, and other modi. cations to rivers. Few unaltered floodplains remain where we may examine their dynamics over decadal time scales. Our study provides a detailed examination of landscape change over a 60-year period ( 1945 - 2004) on the Nyack floodplain of the Middle Fork of the Flathead River, a free-flowing, gravel-bed river in northwest Montana, USA. We used historical aerial photographs and airborne and satellite imagery to delineate habitats ( i.e., mature forest, regenerative forest, water, cobble) within the. oodplain. We related changes …
Some Of The Problems Associated With Lcn (Low Copy Number) Testing, Dan E. Krane
Some Of The Problems Associated With Lcn (Low Copy Number) Testing, Dan E. Krane
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Run-Specific Limits Of Quantitation And Detection (An Alternative To Minimum Peak Height Thresholds), Dan E. Krane
Run-Specific Limits Of Quantitation And Detection (An Alternative To Minimum Peak Height Thresholds), Dan E. Krane
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Empirical Analysis Of The Str Profiles Resulting From Conceptual Mixtures, Dan E. Krane
Empirical Analysis Of The Str Profiles Resulting From Conceptual Mixtures, Dan E. Krane
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Assessing The Implications For Close Relatives In The Event Of Similar But Non-Matching Dna Profiles, Dan E. Krane
Assessing The Implications For Close Relatives In The Event Of Similar But Non-Matching Dna Profiles, Dan E. Krane
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Preliminary Notes On Tachinidae Reared From Lepidoptera In The Ecuadorian Andes, John O. Stireman Iii
Preliminary Notes On Tachinidae Reared From Lepidoptera In The Ecuadorian Andes, John O. Stireman Iii
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
Current estimates of the species richness of Tachinidae among geographical provinces suggest that the Neotropical Region harbors the largest number of species and represents a geographic epicenter of tachinid diversification (O’Hara 2006). The Neotropics boasts an impressive fauna consisting of 2864 described species belonging to 822 genera at the time of the Neotropical catalog (Guimarães 1971), making it almost twice as species rich as any other geographic realm (O’Hara 2006; Stireman et al. 2006). This diversity is most apparent at middle elevations (1000– 2000m) along the mountain chains of tropical Central and South America, where tachinids are an abundant and …
Is Selectively Harvested Forest An Ecological Trap For Olive-Sided Flycatchers?, Bruce A. Robertson, Richard L. Hutto
Is Selectively Harvested Forest An Ecological Trap For Olive-Sided Flycatchers?, Bruce A. Robertson, Richard L. Hutto
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
Disturbance-dependent species are assumed to benefit from forestry practices that mimic the appearance of postdisturbance landscapes. However, human activities that closely mimic the appearance but not the fundamental quality of natural habitats could attract animals to settle whether or not these habitats are suitable for their survival or reproduction. We examined habitat selection behavior and nest success of Olive-sided Flycatchers (Contopus cooperi) in a naturally occurring burned forest and an anthropogenically created habitat type-selectively harvested forest. Olive-sided Flycatcher density and nestling provisioning rates were greater in the selectively harvested landscape, whereas estimated nest success in selectively harvested forest was roughly …
Free-Living Male Mountain White-Crowned Sparrows Exhibit Territorial Aggression Without Modulating Total Or Free Plasma Testosterone, Sharon E. Lynn, Thomas P. Hahn, Creagh W. Breuner
Free-Living Male Mountain White-Crowned Sparrows Exhibit Territorial Aggression Without Modulating Total Or Free Plasma Testosterone, Sharon E. Lynn, Thomas P. Hahn, Creagh W. Breuner
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
In some species, expression of territorial aggression is accompanied by a rise in testosterone secretion, but in others aggressive behavior is expressed while testosterone levels remain unchanged. Corticosteroid binding globulin (CBG) binds both corticosterone and testosterone in avian plasma. Thus, increasing corticosterone may result in fluctuations in unbound ("free") testosterone; this could result in greater biological activity of testosterone without an increase in testosterone secretion. We investigated whether such plasma interactions of testosterone, corticosterone, and CBG might result in alterations of free testosterone in male Mountain White-crowned Sparrows (Zonotrichia leucophrys oriantha). We conducted simulated territorial intrusions during incubation and compared …
Autoregulation Of Gld-2 Cytoplasmic Poly(A) Polymerase, Labib Rouhana, Marvin Wickens
Autoregulation Of Gld-2 Cytoplasmic Poly(A) Polymerase, Labib Rouhana, Marvin Wickens
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
Cytoplasmic polyadenylation regulates mRNA stability and translation and is required for early development and synaptic plasticity. The GLD-2 poly(A) polymerase catalyzes cytoplasmic polyadenylation in the germline of metazoa. Among vertebrates, the enzyme is encoded by two isoforms of mRNA that differ only in the length of their 3′-UTRs. Here we focus on regulation of vertebrateGLD-2 mRNA. We show that the 3′-UTR of GLD-2 mRNA elicits its own polyadenylation and translational activation during frog oocyte maturation. We identify the sequence elements responsible for repression and activation, and demonstrate that CPEB and PUF proteins likely mediate repression in the resting oocyte. …