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Full-Text Articles in Biology
Genome Size Scaling Through Phenotype Space, Charles A. Knight, Jeremy M. Beaulieu
Genome Size Scaling Through Phenotype Space, Charles A. Knight, Jeremy M. Beaulieu
Biological Sciences
Background and Aims Early observations that genome size was positively correlated with cell size formed the basis of hypothesized consequences of genome size variation at higher phenotypic scales. This scaling was supported by several studies showing a positive relationship between genome size and seed mass, and various metrics of growth and leaf morphology. However, many of these studies were undertaken with limited species sets, and often performed within a single genus. Here we seek to generalize the relationship between genome size and the phenotype by examining eight phenotypic traits using large cross-species comparisons involving diverse assemblages of angiosperm and gymnosperm …
The Long And Winding Road: Influences Of Intracellular Metabolite Diffusion On Cellular Organization And Metabolism In Skeletal Muscle, Stephen T. Kinsey, Kristin M. Hardy, Bruce R. Locke
The Long And Winding Road: Influences Of Intracellular Metabolite Diffusion On Cellular Organization And Metabolism In Skeletal Muscle, Stephen T. Kinsey, Kristin M. Hardy, Bruce R. Locke
Biological Sciences
A fundamental principle of physiology is that cells are small in order to minimize diffusion distances for O2 and intracellular metabolites. In skeletal muscle, it has long been recognized that aerobic fibers that are used for steady state locomotion tend to be smaller than anaerobic fibers that are used for burst movements. This tendency reflects the interaction between diffusion distances and aerobic ATP turnover rates, since maximal intracellular diffusion distances are ultimately limited by fiber size. The effect of diffusion distance on O2 flux in muscle has been the subject of quantitative analyses for a century, but the …
A Reaction–Diffusion Analysis Of Energetics In Large Muscle Fibers Secondarily Evolved For Aerobic Locomotor Function, Kristin M. Hardy, Bruce R. Locke, Marilia Da Silva, Stephen T. Kinsey
A Reaction–Diffusion Analysis Of Energetics In Large Muscle Fibers Secondarily Evolved For Aerobic Locomotor Function, Kristin M. Hardy, Bruce R. Locke, Marilia Da Silva, Stephen T. Kinsey
Biological Sciences
The muscles that power swimming in the blue crab, Callinectes sapidus, grow hypertrophically, such that in juvenile crabs the cell diameters are
Does Intracellular Metabolite Diffusion Limit Post-Contractile Recovery In Burst Locomotor Muscle?, Stephen T. Kinsey, Pragyansri Pathi, Kristin M. Hardy, Amanda Jordan, Bruce R. Locke
Does Intracellular Metabolite Diffusion Limit Post-Contractile Recovery In Burst Locomotor Muscle?, Stephen T. Kinsey, Pragyansri Pathi, Kristin M. Hardy, Amanda Jordan, Bruce R. Locke
Biological Sciences
Post-metamorphic growth in the blue crab entails an increase in body mass that spans several orders of magnitude. The muscles that power burst swimming in these animals grow hypertrophically, such that small crabs have fiber diameters that are typical of most cells (600μm). Thus, as the animals grow, their muscle fibers cross and greatly exceed the surface area to volume ratio (SA:V) and intracellular diffusion distance threshold that is adhered to by most cells. Large fiber size should not impact burst contractile function, but post-contractile recovery may be limited by low SA:V and excessive intracellular diffusion distances. A number of …