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Articles 1 - 24 of 24
Full-Text Articles in Biology
Longitudinal Variation In Muscle Protein Expression And Contraction Kinetics Of Largemouth Bass Axial Muscle, Tierney M. Thys, Jason M. Blank, David J. Coughlin, Fred Schachat
Longitudinal Variation In Muscle Protein Expression And Contraction Kinetics Of Largemouth Bass Axial Muscle, Tierney M. Thys, Jason M. Blank, David J. Coughlin, Fred Schachat
Biological Sciences
The present study investigates muscle protein expression in largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides through intra- and intermyomeric comparisons of white muscle. Using denaturing SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, muscle protein expression in the arm and cone regions of sequential myomeres was compared for three bass. Low percentage (4.75 %) polyacrylamide-SDS gels and cyanogen bromide (CNBr) peptide mapping revealed no obvious intramyomeric differences between the myosin heavy chains of the arm and cone regions. Electrophoresis of myofibrils and muscle homogenates on higher percentage gels also failed to demonstrate any significant differences between arm and cone regions in either the myosin light chains or any …
Mf-Ea-705Α & Mf-Ea-705Β, New Metabolites From Microbial Fermentation Of A Streptomyces Sp., Asfia Qureshi, Jacob B. Mauger, Raul J. Cano, Jorge L. Galazzo, May D. Lee
Mf-Ea-705Α & Mf-Ea-705Β, New Metabolites From Microbial Fermentation Of A Streptomyces Sp., Asfia Qureshi, Jacob B. Mauger, Raul J. Cano, Jorge L. Galazzo, May D. Lee
Biological Sciences
No abstract provided.
Effects Of Artisanal Fishing On Marine Communities In The Galápagos Islands, Benjamin I. Ruttenberg
Effects Of Artisanal Fishing On Marine Communities In The Galápagos Islands, Benjamin I. Ruttenberg
Biological Sciences
The Galápagos Islands harbor some of the least impacted marine ecosystems in the tropics, but there are indications that local artisanal fishing is affecting exploited marine communities. To quantify these effects, I sampled communities of fishes and sea urchins at a number of heavily fished and lightly fished sites throughout the central islands of the archipelago. Sites were selected based on information collected as part of a local fisheries monitoring study and standardized across a number of abiotic factors. Abundance and biomass of the primary target species were significantly lower in the heavily fished sites than in the lightly fished …
Re-Evaluating Nadph-Diaphorase Histochemistry As An Indicator Of Nitric Oxide Synthase: An Examination Of The Olfactory System Of Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus Kisutch), Sean C. Lema, Gabrielle A. Nevitt
Re-Evaluating Nadph-Diaphorase Histochemistry As An Indicator Of Nitric Oxide Synthase: An Examination Of The Olfactory System Of Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus Kisutch), Sean C. Lema, Gabrielle A. Nevitt
Biological Sciences
The NADPH-diaphorase (NADPH-d) histochemical technique is commonly used to localize the nitric oxide (NO)-producing enzyme NO synthase (NOS) in neural tissues. In the olfactory tissues of vertebrates, however, NADPH-d staining can be present without the detection of NOS by other methods. We used pharmacological controls to determine whether NADPH-d staining was indicative of NOS in olfactory tissues from coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). We also compared NADPH-d staining with immunoreactivity to NOS. NADPH-d staining localized to the olfactory epithelium and to the glomerular layer of the olfactory bulb. Two NOS inhibitors, L-N-nitroarginine and L-N-methyl-L-arginine, failed …
Whence Meiosis?, Anne M. Villeneuve, Kenneth J. Hillers
Whence Meiosis?, Anne M. Villeneuve, Kenneth J. Hillers
Biological Sciences
Sexual reproduction predominates among eukaryotic organisms on our planet. While debate continues over why this should be so, burgeoning genomic and functional information now allows us to begin to think reasonably about some of the events that may have occurred to make sex possible in the first place.
Invasive Plant Management Project, Scott J. Steinmaus
Invasive Plant Management Project, Scott J. Steinmaus
Biological Sciences
ARI Final Report - Project Number 46910.
The Effect Of The El Niño–Southern Oscillation Event On The Distribution Of Reef-Associated Labrid Fishes In The Eastern Pacific Ocean, Benjamin C. Victor, Gerard M. Wellington, D. Ross Robertson, Benjamin I. Ruttenberg
The Effect Of The El Niño–Southern Oscillation Event On The Distribution Of Reef-Associated Labrid Fishes In The Eastern Pacific Ocean, Benjamin C. Victor, Gerard M. Wellington, D. Ross Robertson, Benjamin I. Ruttenberg
Biological Sciences
We surveyed the labrid fishes of the eastern Pacific ocean at multiple sites before, during, and after the 1997–98 ENSO event. Our observations showed that reef fish communities in general did not appear to change markedly as a result of the ENSO. Recruitment of labrids at the Galápagos Islands, Clipperton Atoll and Baja California was generally high near the end of the ENSO, indicating no negative effect on populations. Two labrid species did extend their known range during the ENSO: Stethojulis bandanensis settled onto the tip of Baja California and to the Galápagos Islands, while Thalassoma virens recruited heavily to …
Parasitism Patterns And The Size-Fecundity Relationship In The Acoustically Orienting Dipteran Parasitoid Ormia Ochracea, Gita R. Kolluru, Marlene Zuk
Parasitism Patterns And The Size-Fecundity Relationship In The Acoustically Orienting Dipteran Parasitoid Ormia Ochracea, Gita R. Kolluru, Marlene Zuk
Biological Sciences
Female parasitoids are expected to distribute offspring among hosts in a manner that maximizes fitness. Several theoretical and empirical studies have focussed on clutch-size patterns in hymenopteran parasitoids. In contrast, dipteran parasitoids, which differ from hymenopterans in potentially important ways, have received little attention. The phonotactic tachinid fly Ormia ochracea has been intensively studied for its effects on host crickets, and has recently been the subject of studies of its own reproductive biology. This work suggests a negative relationship between clutch size and progeny fitness (consistent with hymenopterans), but no adjustment of clutch size to host size (different from hymenopterans). …
Invasion Genetics Of New World Medflies: Testing Alternative Colonization Scenarios, Andrew J. Bohonak, Neil Davies, Francis X. Villablanca, George K. Roderick
Invasion Genetics Of New World Medflies: Testing Alternative Colonization Scenarios, Andrew J. Bohonak, Neil Davies, Francis X. Villablanca, George K. Roderick
Biological Sciences
The Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata) is an invasive agricultural pest with a wide host range and a nearly global distribution. Efforts to forgo the medfly''s spread into the United States are dependent on an understanding of population dynamics in newly established populations elsewhere. To explore the potential influence of demographic and historical parameters in six medfly populations distributed from Mexico to Peru, we created population genetic null models using Monte Carlo simulations. Null expectations for genetic differentiation (F ST) were compared with actual sequence variation from four highly polymorphic nuclear loci. Four colonization scenarios that …
Analysis And New Records Of Billfish (Teleostei: Perciformers: Istiophoridae) From The Yorktown Formation, Early Pliocene Of Eastern North Carolina At Lee Creek Mine, Harry L. Fierstine
Analysis And New Records Of Billfish (Teleostei: Perciformers: Istiophoridae) From The Yorktown Formation, Early Pliocene Of Eastern North Carolina At Lee Creek Mine, Harry L. Fierstine
Biological Sciences
Five species of the billfish family Istiophoridae (Istiophorus platypterus (Shaw and Nodder), Makaira indica (Cuvier), M. nigricans Lacépède, M. purdyi Fierstine, Tetrapturus albidus Poey) were identified from approximately 500 separate bones collected in the Yorktown Formation (early Pliocene) at Lee Creek Mine, North Carolina. This is the only record of M. purdyi, the first fossil record of the genus Tetrapturus (specifically T. albidus), the second fossil record of I. platypterus and M. indica, and the first record of I. platypterus, M. indica, M. nigricans, and T. albidus from fossil deposits bordering the Atlantic Ocean.
Identification was …
16s Ribosomal Dna Terminal Restriction Fragment Pattern Analysis Of Bacterial Communities In Feces Of Rats Fed Lactobacillus Acidophilus Ncfm, Christopher W. Kaplan, Johanna C. Astaire, M. E. Sanders, Bandaru S. Reddy, Christopher L. Kitts
16s Ribosomal Dna Terminal Restriction Fragment Pattern Analysis Of Bacterial Communities In Feces Of Rats Fed Lactobacillus Acidophilus Ncfm, Christopher W. Kaplan, Johanna C. Astaire, M. E. Sanders, Bandaru S. Reddy, Christopher L. Kitts
Biological Sciences
16S ribosomal DNA terminal restriction fragment patterns from rat fecal samples were analyzed to track the dynamics of Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM and discern bacterial populations that changed during feeding with NCFM. Lactobacillus johnsonii and Ruminococcus flavefaciens were tentatively identified as such bacterial populations. The presence of L. johnsonii was confirmed by isolation from feces.
The Scientific Foundations Of Habitat Conservation Plans: A Quantitative Assessment, Elaine K. Harding, Elizabeth E. Crone, Bret D. Elderd, Jonathan M. Hoekstra, Alexa J. Mckerrow, John D. Perrine, Jim Regetz, Leslie J. Rissler, Amanda G. Stanley, Eric L. Walters, Nceas Habitat Conservation Plan Working Group
The Scientific Foundations Of Habitat Conservation Plans: A Quantitative Assessment, Elaine K. Harding, Elizabeth E. Crone, Bret D. Elderd, Jonathan M. Hoekstra, Alexa J. Mckerrow, John D. Perrine, Jim Regetz, Leslie J. Rissler, Amanda G. Stanley, Eric L. Walters, Nceas Habitat Conservation Plan Working Group
Biological Sciences
The number of habitat conservation plans ( HCP) has risen dramatically since the first plan was written over 18 years ago. Until recently, no studies have quantitatively investigated the scientific foundations underlying these documents. As part of a larger study of HCPs, we examined 43 plans primarily to assess the availability and use of scientific data and secondarily to determine the extent of involvement by, and influence of, independent scientists within the process. Specifically, our analysis focused on five key steps taken when an HCP is developed: assessing status of a species, determining take, predicting the project effects, mitigating for …
A New Aglyptorhynchus (Perciformes: Scombroidei: Blochiidae) From The Late Oligocene Of Oregon, Harry L. Fierstine
A New Aglyptorhynchus (Perciformes: Scombroidei: Blochiidae) From The Late Oligocene Of Oregon, Harry L. Fierstine
Biological Sciences
A partial fish skull with a nearly complete rostrum, a cup-shaped sclerotic hone, and cycloid scales (UCMP 123170) from the Yaquina Formation (late Oligocene, Oregon) is described and identified as Aglyptorhynchus maxillaris, sp. nov. Unusual features of the rostrum include a fused premaxillary segment with a low dorsal keel, and a maxilla with both a flat flange on its postero-ventral margin and a large condyle that presumably allowed dorsoventral movement of the rostrum to increase the gape. The Yaquina Formation was estimated to have been deposited at a water depth of over 100m and a sea surface temperature of at …
Correlated Evolution Of Chloroplast Heat Shock Protein Expression In Closely Related Plant Species, Charles A. Knight, David D. Ackerly
Correlated Evolution Of Chloroplast Heat Shock Protein Expression In Closely Related Plant Species, Charles A. Knight, David D. Ackerly
Biological Sciences
Interspecific variation in chloroplast low molecular weight (cLMW) HSP (heat shock protein) expression was examined with respect to phylogeny, species specific leaf area, chlorophyll fluorescence, and mean environmental conditions within species ranges. Eight species of Ceanothus (Rhamnaceae) were heat shocked for 4 h at several different temperatures. Leaf samples were collected immediately after the heat shock, and cLMW HSP expression was quantified using Western blots. At 450C species from the subgenus Cerastes had significantly greater cLMW HSP expression than species from the subgenus Ceanothus. Specific leaf area was negatively correlated with cLMW HSP expression after the 45 …
Low Genetic Diversity In An Endangered Species: Recent Or Historic Pattern?, Marjorie D. Matocq, Francis X. Villablanca
Low Genetic Diversity In An Endangered Species: Recent Or Historic Pattern?, Marjorie D. Matocq, Francis X. Villablanca
Biological Sciences
Examining patterns of genetic diversity has become an integral component of many management plans concerning endangered species, yet interpreting the processes underlying such patterns remains challenging. We demonstrate low genetic diversity in a critically endangered small mammal population. A common interpretation of this pattern would be that it is the result of a known, recent decline in this population. We test this interpretation and find it to be incorrect. Instead, by using museum voucher specimens, we show that the pattern of low genetic diversity is historical. This study demonstrates the importance of choosing appropriate reference groups by which to interpret …
Semi-Artificial Monarch Butterfly Larval Diet, Kingston L. H. Leong
Semi-Artificial Monarch Butterfly Larval Diet, Kingston L. H. Leong
Biological Sciences
A semi-artificial diet of monarch butterfly larva and a process for making such a diet are provided. The diet consists of a substantial amount of dried milkweed powder and small but effective amounts of mold inhibitor and antibiotic.
A Fossil Blue Marlin (Makaira Nigricans Lacépède) From The Middle Facies Of The Trinidad Formation (Upper Miocene To Upper Pliocene), San José Del Cabo Basin, Baja California Sur, México, Harry L. Fierstine, Shelton P. Applegate, Gerardo González-Barba, Tobias Schwennicke, Luis Espinosa-Arrubarrena
A Fossil Blue Marlin (Makaira Nigricans Lacépède) From The Middle Facies Of The Trinidad Formation (Upper Miocene To Upper Pliocene), San José Del Cabo Basin, Baja California Sur, México, Harry L. Fierstine, Shelton P. Applegate, Gerardo González-Barba, Tobias Schwennicke, Luis Espinosa-Arrubarrena
Biological Sciences
A large fossil skull and several rostra of Makaira nigricans Lacépède, 1802 (Perciformes: Istiophoridae), as well as some less diagnostic istiophorid remains, have been recovered from the middle facies of the Trinidad Formation near Rancho Algodones, San José del Cabo Basin, Baja California Sur, México. These are the only bill fish specimens known from fossiliferous deposits located between southern California and Panama. Based on published accounts of the presence of nannofossils and planktonic foraminifera, and additional field work, we conclude that the age of the study area is late Miocene to late Pliocene. Based on the habitat preferences of recent …
Terminal Restriction Fragment Patterns: A Tool For Comparing Microbial Communities And Assessing Community Dynamics, Christopher L. Kitts
Terminal Restriction Fragment Patterns: A Tool For Comparing Microbial Communities And Assessing Community Dynamics, Christopher L. Kitts
Biological Sciences
Terminal Restriction Fragment (TRF) patterns, also known as Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (T-RFLP), are a recently introduced PCR-based tool for studying microbial community structure and dynamics. Since the first review of TRF methodology (Marsh, 1999. Curr. Op. Microbiol. 2: 323-7), at least 35 new research articles were published that include this powerful tool in some part of their reports. This review covers some of the applications that TRF patterns were used for and provides a discussion of how to create and analyze TRF pattern data. This data has the advantage of being simply and rapidly produced using standard DNA …
Optical Remote Sensing Techniques In Biological Oceanography, W. Paul Bissett, Oscar Schofield, Curtis D. Mobley, Michael F. Crowley, Mark A. Moline
Optical Remote Sensing Techniques In Biological Oceanography, W. Paul Bissett, Oscar Schofield, Curtis D. Mobley, Michael F. Crowley, Mark A. Moline
Biological Sciences
No abstract provided.
Adaptive Sampling In The Coastal Ocean At The Long Ecosystem Observatory, Mark A. Moline, W. Paul Bissett, Scott Glenn, Dale Haidvogel, Oscar Schofield
Adaptive Sampling In The Coastal Ocean At The Long Ecosystem Observatory, Mark A. Moline, W. Paul Bissett, Scott Glenn, Dale Haidvogel, Oscar Schofield
Biological Sciences
A multi-platform inter-disciplinary observation network has been operating at the Rutgers University Long-term Ecosystem Observatory (LEO) since 1996, with real-time capabilities beginning in July 1999. The network integrates numerous remote (satellites and shore- based), stationary (surface and subsurface), moveable (ships and AUVs) observation systems. The observation network provides spatially extensive updates of the physics, optics, chemistry and biology on time scales of an hour or less which are communicated in real-time to shipboard scientists and AUV operators. This rapid environmental assessment capability is already changing current paradigms for ocean adaptive sampling strategies. For example, in the well-sampled ocean, where forecast …
Modeling Atmosphere-Ocean Interactions And Primary Productivity, Joe Grzymski, Mark A. Moline, Jay T. Cullen
Modeling Atmosphere-Ocean Interactions And Primary Productivity, Joe Grzymski, Mark A. Moline, Jay T. Cullen
Biological Sciences
The heat budget, and hence the climate of the Earth, is sensitive to changes in the atmospheric greenhouse gas composition. Next to water vapor, carbon dioxide (CO2) is the most important atmospheric greenhouse gas affecting the Earth's radiative balance. Greenhouse gases raise the mean temperature of the Earth by absorbing and trapping long-wave radiation from the planet surface that would otherwise be lost to space.
Changes In Phytoplankton Assemblages Along The Antarctic Peninsula And Potential Implications For The Antarctic Food Web, Mark A. Moline, Herve Claustre, Thomas K. Frazer, Joe Grzymski, Maria Vernet
Changes In Phytoplankton Assemblages Along The Antarctic Peninsula And Potential Implications For The Antarctic Food Web, Mark A. Moline, Herve Claustre, Thomas K. Frazer, Joe Grzymski, Maria Vernet
Biological Sciences
The majority of the yearly organic carbon production int he coastal regions of the Southern ocean occurs during summer blooms. Changes in the quantity and quality of the phytoplankton standing crop during this period will likely impact organisms that occupy higher trophic levels within the ecosystem. Here we report a recurrent shift in the dominant phytoplankton taxa during the austral summer in a coastal region along the Antarctic Peninsula. The pattern was observed each year between 1991 and 1996 despite radically different biomass concentrations and meteorological and hydrographic conditions. We show that a repeated dominance of cryptophytes (Cryptophyceae) during the …
Impact Of Dynamic Light And Nutrient Environments On Phytoplankton Communities In The Coastal Ocean, Mark A. Moline, Oscar Schofield, Joe Grzymski
Impact Of Dynamic Light And Nutrient Environments On Phytoplankton Communities In The Coastal Ocean, Mark A. Moline, Oscar Schofield, Joe Grzymski
Biological Sciences
Phytoplankton represent the base of the food web in marine ecosystems. Changes in the structure and composition of these phytoplankton communities will, therefore, have a direct effect on the amount of carbon available to higher trophic levels. In the absence of significant grazing, light and nutrients are the primary factors regulating phytoplankton photosynthesis and productivity in marine environments. As the requirements for light and nutrients differ between species, phytoplankton community structure is also sensitive to dynamic optical and chemical conditions in the water column.
A New Wildlife Sighting Reporting And Database System For Lassen Volcanic National Park, John D. Perrine, Jonathan F. Arnold
A New Wildlife Sighting Reporting And Database System For Lassen Volcanic National Park, John D. Perrine, Jonathan F. Arnold
Biological Sciences
Visitors and employees in national parks may observe species of interest to wildlife biologists and resource managers. These sightings are useful to researchers and managers only if the data can be efficiently acquired, stored and retrieved for analysis.· We identified several problems in the wildlife sightings reporting system at Lassen Volcanic National Park, including a confusing array of reporting forms; incomplete contact information for the reporter; insufficient reporting of the animal's description, behavior and location; and a cumbersome data entry and retrieval system. We developed a new system to correct these problems. A single reporting form corrects the aforementioned data …