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Articles 1 - 9 of 9
Full-Text Articles in Biology
The Role Of System Xc- In Cognition: The Importance Of Neuron-Astrocyte Signaling, Evan Michael Hess
The Role Of System Xc- In Cognition: The Importance Of Neuron-Astrocyte Signaling, Evan Michael Hess
Dissertations (1934 -)
The biological basis of human intelligence is largely a mystery, but likely required evolutionary adaptations to achieve the information processing capacity needed to expand the complexity of cognition among species. The link between evolutionary expansion of signaling complexity in the brain and cognition has largely focused on neuronal mechanisms, in part because information processing has historically been attributed to these cells. However, astrocytes are emerging as a second type of brain cell that is capable of processing information due to their capacity to release glutamate and, thereby, regulate neural circuits. Hence, a modern question is whether astrocytes contributed to the …
Chronic Variable Stress Induces Avolition And Disrupts Corticoaccumbens Encoding Of Approach Cues, Mitchell Spring
Chronic Variable Stress Induces Avolition And Disrupts Corticoaccumbens Encoding Of Approach Cues, Mitchell Spring
Dissertations (1934 -)
Disorders in the ability to process, evaluate, and interact with rewards are hallmarks of a range of mental illnesses. Such disorders are multi-faceted and arise from altered activity throughout diffuse brain regions. Chronic variable stress (CVS) is an oft-used tool for modeling reward-related disorders in preclinical research because it impairs the function of multiple brain regions and causes a range of severe hedonic and motivational deficits. While much research has focused on the former, the latter is poorly characterized. A panel of behavioral tests was used to characterize the effect of CVS exposure on different facets of reward related behaviors …
Investigating The Role Of Lin-35 And The Dream Complex In Preserving Fertility Under Stress In C. Elegans, Frances Virginia Compere
Investigating The Role Of Lin-35 And The Dream Complex In Preserving Fertility Under Stress In C. Elegans, Frances Virginia Compere
Master's Theses (2009 -)
Organisms are subjected to environments that can fluctuate and cause them stress. Therefore, organisms must have the ability to adapt to the stress to survive and propagate. Temperature stress is becoming an increasingly relevant type of stress due to climate change and is known to affect fertility in many types of organisms including the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans. Here we examine the role of LIN-35, the single C. elegans homolog of the tumor suppressor Retinoblastoma (pRB), in fertility under moderate temperature stress. We found that lin-35 mutants lose fertility more drastically under moderate temperature stress than wildtype worms, and that …
Mechanisms Of Atp-Dependent Substrate Reduction In The Nitrogenase-Like Dpor Complex, Elliot Irwin Corless
Mechanisms Of Atp-Dependent Substrate Reduction In The Nitrogenase-Like Dpor Complex, Elliot Irwin Corless
Dissertations (1934 -)
Iron-Sulfur ([Fe-S]) clusters are the most common transient electron carriers in cells and are necessary for basic metabolism of all life. Bacterial systems use two operons (isc and suf ) for the biogenesis and delivery of [Fe-S] clusters to various proteins. Once delivered, they serve as transient electron carriers necessary for both heterotrophic and autotrophic metabolism and reduction/oxidation chemistry. This work utilizes the hetero-octameric Dark operative Protochlorophyllide Oxido-Reductase (DPOR) complex as a platform to investigate [Fe-S] cluster biogenesis and the concerted action of its multiple [Fe-S] clusters and protein subunits. DPOR catalyzes the penultimate step in bacterial chlorophyll synthesis and …
Characterization Of The Mir-44 Family Of Micrornas In The C. Elegans Germline, Katherine Ann Maniates
Characterization Of The Mir-44 Family Of Micrornas In The C. Elegans Germline, Katherine Ann Maniates
Dissertations (1934 -)
While numerous individual miRNAs have been detected in the germline, the functions of most other specific miRNAs remain largely unknown. Functions of miRNAs have been difficult to determine as miRNAs often modestly repress target mRNAs and are suggested to sculpt or fine tune gene expression to allow for the robust expression of cell fates. Analysis of newly generated mir-44 family mutants has identified a group of miRNAs that modulate the pathway of germline sex determination in C. elegans. Mutants produce fewer sperm and display an earlier switch to producing oocytes. In the germline, cell fate decisions are made for germline …
Anthropogenic Drivers And Ecological Concepts Of Antimicrobial Resistance, Rachelle E. Beattie
Anthropogenic Drivers And Ecological Concepts Of Antimicrobial Resistance, Rachelle E. Beattie
Dissertations (1934 -)
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a ubiquitous global health issue driven by the overuse and misuse of antimicrobial compounds in healthcare and veterinary medicine. Both natural and built environments have been recognized as reservoirs of antimicrobial resistant bacteria, genes, and pathogens but the factors that drive increases in their abundance are not well understood, especially in natural environments. The primary goal of this work is to characterize the ecological drivers of antimicrobial resistance in freshwater ecosystems impacted by intensive livestock farms, known contributors of environmental resistance. Kewaunee County, Wisconsin served as an ideal study site for the investigation of the impact …
Characterizing The Mechanisms Of Ectopic Expression Of Dream Complex Target Genes And The Hta Phenotype In C. Elegans, Jerrin Roy Cherian
Characterizing The Mechanisms Of Ectopic Expression Of Dream Complex Target Genes And The Hta Phenotype In C. Elegans, Jerrin Roy Cherian
Dissertations (1934 -)
It is important for organisms to establish and maintain proper gene expression for normal growth and development. In C. elegans, the DREAM repressor complex helps maintain proper gene expression in somatic cells by repressing germline genes. DREAM complex mutants show close to normal gene expression at 20°C; however, at 26°C, DREAM complex mutants display increased misexpression of germline genes ectopically in the soma and display a distinct High Temperature larval Arrest (HTA) phenotype. It is unclear what gene regulatory mechanisms lead to misexpression of germline genes in somatic cells of DREAM complex mutants. My dissertation research investigated three aspects of …
Establishing The Roles Of The Dna Binding Domains Of Replication Protein A (Rpa), Nilisha Pokhrel
Establishing The Roles Of The Dna Binding Domains Of Replication Protein A (Rpa), Nilisha Pokhrel
Dissertations (1934 -)
During DNA metabolic processes such as replication and repair, double-stranded DNA is transiently unwound to expose single-stranded DNA (ssDNA). Such ssDNA intermediates are immediately coated by Replication Protein A (RPA), an essential single-stranded DNA binding protein present in all eukaryotes. RPA binding to ssDNA fulfills four goals: 1. The ssDNA is protected from degradation by endo- and exo-nucleases. 2. A cell-cycle checkpoint signaling cascade is triggered to indicate the presence of ssDNA. 3. RPA recruits other DNA metabolic enzymes on to the ssDNA. 4. Finally, RPA promotes the catalytic activity of the recruited enzyme. The overall objective of my thesis …
Characterization Of De Novo Protein Aggregate Formation In S. Cerevisiae, Douglas Lyke
Characterization Of De Novo Protein Aggregate Formation In S. Cerevisiae, Douglas Lyke
Dissertations (1934 -)
Misfolded proteins are commonly refolded to a functional conformation or degraded by quality control mechanisms. When misfolded proteins evade quality control, they often form aggregates that are sequestered to specific sites in the cell. The proper sequestration of aggregates is thought to prevent potential dysfunction, toxicity and disease that is often associated with the presence of aggregates. However, the cellular mechanisms that underlie the management of newly formed protein aggregates are unclear. To understand the cellular response to protein aggregate formation, I used the aggregation prone prion domain of the Sup35 protein (Sup35NM) in yeast. Previous work observing GFP-tagged Sup35NM …