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- Behavior (2)
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- Receptor (2)
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- Angiosperms • comparative seed biology • dormancy • endosperm and perisperm • gymnosperms • seed development • seed evolution • seed mass (1)
- Bioluminescence; Acoustic backscatter; Zooplankton; Phytoplankton; Aggregation; Thin plankton layers (1)
- Cyprinodon nevadensis amargosae (1)
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- Phylogenetic independent contrasts (1)
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- Rocky intertidal (1)
- Squid dissection (1)
- Steroid hormones; Testosterone; 5α-dihydrotestosterone; Corticosterone; 17β-estradiol; Progesterone; Reptile; Snake; Reproduction (1)
- Thin layers; Bio-optics; Bioacoustics; Bioluminescence; Length scales; Autocorrelation (1)
- Vasopressin (1)
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Articles 1 - 30 of 44
Full-Text Articles in Biology
Adaptive Divergence In The Thyroid Hormone Signaling Pathway In The Stickleback Radiation, Jun Kitano, Sean C. Lema, J. Adam Luckenbach, Seiichi Mori, Yui Kawagishi, Makoto Kusakabe, Penny Swanson, Catherine L. Peichel
Adaptive Divergence In The Thyroid Hormone Signaling Pathway In The Stickleback Radiation, Jun Kitano, Sean C. Lema, J. Adam Luckenbach, Seiichi Mori, Yui Kawagishi, Makoto Kusakabe, Penny Swanson, Catherine L. Peichel
Biological Sciences
During adaptive radiations, animals colonize diverse environments, which requires adaptation in multiple phenotypic traits. Because hormones mediate the dynamic regulation of suites of phenotypic traits, evolutionary changes in hormonal signaling pathways might contribute to adaptation to new environments. Here we report changes in the thyroid hormone signaling pathway in stream-resident ecotypes of threespine stickleback fish (Gasterosteus aculeatus), which have repeatedly evolved from ancestral marine ecotypes. Stream-resident fish exhibit a lower plasma concentration of thyroid hormone and a lower metabolic rate, which is likely adaptive for permanent residency in small streams. The thyroid-stimulating hormone-β2 (TSHβ …
Flowering Locus C Influences The Timing Of Shoot Maturation In Arabidopsis Thaliana, Laurie Mentzer, Tarah Yee, Tina Y. Wang, Edward Himelblau
Flowering Locus C Influences The Timing Of Shoot Maturation In Arabidopsis Thaliana, Laurie Mentzer, Tarah Yee, Tina Y. Wang, Edward Himelblau
Biological Sciences
No abstract provided.
Designing Marine Reserve Networks For Both Conservation And Fisheries Management, Steven D. Gaines, Crow White, Mark H. Carr, Stephen R. Palumbi
Designing Marine Reserve Networks For Both Conservation And Fisheries Management, Steven D. Gaines, Crow White, Mark H. Carr, Stephen R. Palumbi
Biological Sciences
Marine protected areas (MPAs) that exclude fishing have been shown repeatedly to enhance the abundance, size, and diversity of species. These benefits, however, mean little to most marine species, because individual protected areas typically are small. To meet the larger-scale conservation challenges facing ocean ecosystems, several nations are expanding the benefits of individual protected areas by building networks of protected areas. Doing so successfully requires a detailed understanding of the ecological and physical characteristics of ocean ecosystems and the responses of humans to spatial closures. There has been enormous scientific interest in these topics, and frameworks for the design of …
Nonylphenol In Marine Organisms In North American Estuaries: Trophic Chain Accumulation And Proteomic Responses, Lars Tomanek, J. M. Diehl, S. E. Johnson, K. Xia, S. J. Teh
Nonylphenol In Marine Organisms In North American Estuaries: Trophic Chain Accumulation And Proteomic Responses, Lars Tomanek, J. M. Diehl, S. E. Johnson, K. Xia, S. J. Teh
Biological Sciences
No abstract provided.
The Role Of Oxidative Stress In Setting Thermal Tolerance Limits In Mytilus, Lars Tomanek
The Role Of Oxidative Stress In Setting Thermal Tolerance Limits In Mytilus, Lars Tomanek
Biological Sciences
No abstract provided.
Notonecta Exhibit Threat-Sensitive, Predator-Induced Dispersal, Shannon J. Mccauley, Locke Rowe
Notonecta Exhibit Threat-Sensitive, Predator-Induced Dispersal, Shannon J. Mccauley, Locke Rowe
Biological Sciences
Dispersal is a central process determining community structure in heterogeneous landscapes, and species interactions within habitats may be a major determinant of dispersal. Although the effects of species interactions on dispersal within habitats have been well studied, how species interactions affect the movement of individuals between habitats in a landscape has received less attention. We conducted two experiments to assess the extent to which predation risk affects dispersal from an aquatic habitat by a flight-capable semi-aquatic insect (Notonecta undulata). Exposure to non-lethal (caged) fish fed conspecifics increased dispersal rates in N. undulata. Moreover, dispersal rate was positively correlated with the …
Pismo Beach Fecal Contamination Source Identification Study: Final Report, Christopher L. Kitts, Michael W. Black, Mark M. Moline, Marie Yeung, Alice K. Hamrick, Ian C. Robbins, Andrew A. Schaffner, Nathania I. Boutet
Pismo Beach Fecal Contamination Source Identification Study: Final Report, Christopher L. Kitts, Michael W. Black, Mark M. Moline, Marie Yeung, Alice K. Hamrick, Ian C. Robbins, Andrew A. Schaffner, Nathania I. Boutet
Biological Sciences
No abstract provided.
Turning Crocodilian Hearts Into Bird Hearts: Growth Rates Are Similar For Alligators With And Without Right-To-Left Cardiac Shunt, John Eme, June Gwalthney, Tomasz Owerkowicz, Jason M. Blank, James W. Hicks
Turning Crocodilian Hearts Into Bird Hearts: Growth Rates Are Similar For Alligators With And Without Right-To-Left Cardiac Shunt, John Eme, June Gwalthney, Tomasz Owerkowicz, Jason M. Blank, James W. Hicks
Biological Sciences
The functional and possible adaptive significance of non-avian reptiles’ dual aortic arch system and the ability of all non-avian reptiles to perform central vascular cardiac shunts have been of great interest to comparative physiologists. The unique cardiac anatomy of crocodilians – a four-chambered heart with the dual aortic arch system – allows for only right-to-left (R–L; pulmonary bypass) cardiac shunt and for surgical elimination of this shunt. Surgical removal of the R–L shunt, by occluding the left aorta (LAo) upstream and downstream of the foramen of Panizza, results in a crocodilian with an obligatory, avian/mammalian central circulation. In this study, …
Sierra Nevada Red Fox (Vulpes Vulpes Necator): A Conservation Assessment, John D. Perrine, Lori A. Campbell, Gregory A. Green
Sierra Nevada Red Fox (Vulpes Vulpes Necator): A Conservation Assessment, John D. Perrine, Lori A. Campbell, Gregory A. Green
Biological Sciences
One goal of the Sierra Nevada Forest Plan Amendment (SNFPA) 2001 and 2004 Records of Decision was to protect and recover native Sierra Nevada red fox (Vulpes vulpes necator) populations in the Sierra Nevada (USDA Forest Service 2001 p. 14). To accomplish this goal, the ROD commits the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Service to completing a conservation assessment for the Sierra Nevada red fox in cooperation with other federal, state, and local agencies, as well as Tribal governments. This conservation assessment synthesizes the best available scientific information and thought concerning habitat relationships, population status and trends, historical and …
Barnacle Settlement And The Adhesion Of Protein And Diatom Microfouling To Xerogel Films With Varying Surface Energy And Water Wettability, John A. Finlay, Stephanie M. Bennett, Lenora H. Brewer, Anastasiya Sokolova, Gemma Clay, Nikhil Gunari, Anne E. Meyer, Gilbert C. Walker, Dean E. Wendt, Maureen E. Callow, James A. Callow, Michael R. Detty
Barnacle Settlement And The Adhesion Of Protein And Diatom Microfouling To Xerogel Films With Varying Surface Energy And Water Wettability, John A. Finlay, Stephanie M. Bennett, Lenora H. Brewer, Anastasiya Sokolova, Gemma Clay, Nikhil Gunari, Anne E. Meyer, Gilbert C. Walker, Dean E. Wendt, Maureen E. Callow, James A. Callow, Michael R. Detty
Biological Sciences
Previous work has shown that organosilica-based xerogels have the potential to control biofouling. In this study, modifications of chemistry were investigated with respect to their resistance to marine slimes and to settlement of barnacle cyprids. Adhesion force measurements of bovine serum albumin (BSA)-coated atomic force microscopy (AFM) tips to xerogel surfaces prepared from aminopropylsilyl-, fluorocarbonsilyl-, and hydrocarbonsilyl-containing precursors, indicated that adhesion was significantly less on the xerogel surfaces in comparison to a poly(dimethylsiloxane) elastomer (PDMSE) standard. The strength of adhesion of BSA on the xerogels was highest on surfaces with the highest and the lowest critical surface tensions, gamma(C) and …
Grand Challenges In Comparative Physiology: Integration Across Disciplines And Across Levels Of Biological Organization, Donald L. Mykles, Cameron K. Galambor, Jonathon H. Stillman, Lars Tomanek
Grand Challenges In Comparative Physiology: Integration Across Disciplines And Across Levels Of Biological Organization, Donald L. Mykles, Cameron K. Galambor, Jonathon H. Stillman, Lars Tomanek
Biological Sciences
No abstract provided.
Effects Of Testosterone And Captivity On Medial And Dorsal Cortex Volumes And Neurogenesis In Adult Male Western Fence Lizards, Sceloporus Occidentalis, D. R. Pfau, S. Y. Potter, D. F. Denardo, E. N. Taylor, C. R. Strand
Effects Of Testosterone And Captivity On Medial And Dorsal Cortex Volumes And Neurogenesis In Adult Male Western Fence Lizards, Sceloporus Occidentalis, D. R. Pfau, S. Y. Potter, D. F. Denardo, E. N. Taylor, C. R. Strand
Biological Sciences
In lizards, the medial cortex and dorsal cortex are thought to be homologous to the hippocampus in birds and mammals, in that these regions are functionally involved with spatial memory and learning. In birds and mammals, neurogenesis continues into adulthood in these regions and is associated with ability of spatial memory tasks. Little is known about whether adult neurogenesis contributes to memory formation or spatial memory in lizards. In some lizards, territory size is correlated with testosterone (T) levels. If T affects these brain regions to help with spatial navigation, manipulating T levels may influence the medial or dorsal cortex …
Proteomic Analysis Of The Purple Sea Urchin, Strongylocentrotus Purpuratus, In Response To Acute Heat Stress, M. W. Webb, M. Devian, L. Tomanek
Proteomic Analysis Of The Purple Sea Urchin, Strongylocentrotus Purpuratus, In Response To Acute Heat Stress, M. W. Webb, M. Devian, L. Tomanek
Biological Sciences
No abstract provided.
The Proteomic Response Of Mytilus Galloprovincialis And M. Trossulus To Acute Temperature Stress, Lars Tomanek, Marcus Zuzow
The Proteomic Response Of Mytilus Galloprovincialis And M. Trossulus To Acute Temperature Stress, Lars Tomanek, Marcus Zuzow
Biological Sciences
No abstract provided.
Diurnal Rhythms Of Behavior And Brain Mrna Expression For Arginine Vasotocin, Isotocin, And Their Receptors In Wild Amargosa Pupfish (Cyprinodon Nevadensis Amargosae), Sean C. Lema, Lauren J. Wagstaff, Nina M. Gardner
Diurnal Rhythms Of Behavior And Brain Mrna Expression For Arginine Vasotocin, Isotocin, And Their Receptors In Wild Amargosa Pupfish (Cyprinodon Nevadensis Amargosae), Sean C. Lema, Lauren J. Wagstaff, Nina M. Gardner
Biological Sciences
Amargosa pupfish (Cyprinodon nevadensis amargosae) occupy remote desert habitats that vary widely in environmental conditions from day to night. In this study, die! patterns of behavior were documented for pupfish in their natural habitat, and examined relative to changes in the abundance of mRNAs encoding prepro-arginine vasotocin (pro-VT), prepro-isotocin (pro-IT), three distinct vasotocin receptors (V1a1, V1a2, and V2), and an isotocin receptor (ITR) in the brain. The behavior of wild pupfish varied diurnally, with frequent aggression from 12:00 to 15:00 h and courtship and spawning most common between 15:00 and 19:00h. Transcript abundance for pro-VT in the brain …
How Do Polar Marine Ecosystems Respond To Rapid Climate Change?, Oscar Schofield, Hugh W. Ducklow, Douglas G. Martinson, Michael P. Meredith, Mark A. Moline, William R. Fraser
How Do Polar Marine Ecosystems Respond To Rapid Climate Change?, Oscar Schofield, Hugh W. Ducklow, Douglas G. Martinson, Michael P. Meredith, Mark A. Moline, William R. Fraser
Biological Sciences
Climate change will alter marine ecosystems; however, the complexity of the food webs, combined with chronic undersampling, constrains efforts to predict their future and to optimally manage and protect marine resources. Sustained observations at the West Antarctic Peninsula show that in this region, rapid environmental change has coincided with shifts in the food web, from its base up to apex predators. New strategies will be required to gain further insight into how the marine climate system has influenced such changes and how it will do so in the future. Robotic networks, satellites, ships, and instruments mounted on animals and ice …
Identification Of Multiple Vasotocin Receptor Cdnas In Teleost Fish: Sequences, Phylogenetic Analysis, Sites Of Expression, And Regulation In The Hypothalamus And Gill In Response To Hyperosmotic Challenge, Sean C. Lema
Biological Sciences
Vasopressin and its homolog vasotocin regulate hydromineral balance, stress responses, and social behaviors in vertebrates. In mammals, the functions of vasopressin are mediated via three classes of membrane-bound receptors: V1a-type, V1b-type and V2-type. To date, however, only a single class of vasotocin receptor has been identified in teleost fish. Here, cDNAs encoding three putative vasotocin receptors – two distinct V1a-type receptor paralogs (V1a1 and V1a2) and a previously undescribed V2- type receptor (V2) – and a single isotocin receptor were isolated and sequenced from the Amargosa pupfish (Cyprinodon nevadensis amargosae). RT-PCR revealed that mRNAs …
Ocean Currents Help Explain Population Genetic Structure, Crow White, Kimberly A. Selkoe, James Watson, David A. Siegel, Danielle C. Zacherl, Robert J. Toonen
Ocean Currents Help Explain Population Genetic Structure, Crow White, Kimberly A. Selkoe, James Watson, David A. Siegel, Danielle C. Zacherl, Robert J. Toonen
Biological Sciences
No abstract provided.
Design And Implementation Of Marine Biology Lessons At The Avila Beach Sea Life Center, Heather L. Price
Design And Implementation Of Marine Biology Lessons At The Avila Beach Sea Life Center, Heather L. Price
Biological Sciences
No abstract provided.
The Evolution Of Seeds, Ada Linkies, Kai Graeber, Charles A. Knight, Gerhard Leubner-Metzger
The Evolution Of Seeds, Ada Linkies, Kai Graeber, Charles A. Knight, Gerhard Leubner-Metzger
Biological Sciences
The evolution of the seed represents a remarkable life-history transition for photosynthetic organisms. Here, we review the recent literature and historical understanding of how and why seeds evolved. Answering the 'how' question involves a detailed understanding of the developmental morphology and anatomy of seeds, as well as the genetic programs that determine seed size. We complement this with a special emphasis on the evolution of dormancy, the characteristic of seeds that allows for long 'distance' time travel. Answering the 'why' question involves proposed hypotheses of how natural selection has operated to favor the seed life-history phenomenon. The recent flurry of …
Body Size And Social Dominance Influence Breeding Dispersal In Male Pachydiplax Longipennis (Odonata), Shannon Mccauley
Body Size And Social Dominance Influence Breeding Dispersal In Male Pachydiplax Longipennis (Odonata), Shannon Mccauley
Biological Sciences
1. Dispersal behaviour can be affected by an individual's phenotype, by the environmental or social context they experience, and by interactions between these factors. Differential dispersal propensities between individuals may also be an important modifier of functional connectivity between populations. To assess how a key trait, body size, affected both social interactions and dispersal behaviour, this study examined the relationship between body size, antagonistic interactions, and breeding dispersal in male dragonflies (Pachydiplax longipennis) across a seasonal decline in adult body size. 2. During a seasonal peak in male body size in this study, dispersers were smaller than non-dispersers. Later in …
North American Montane Red Foxes: Expansion, Fragmentation, And The Origin Of The Sacramento Valley Red Fox, Benjamin N. Sacks, Mark J. Statham, John D. Perrine, Samantha M. Wisely, Keith B. Aubry
North American Montane Red Foxes: Expansion, Fragmentation, And The Origin Of The Sacramento Valley Red Fox, Benjamin N. Sacks, Mark J. Statham, John D. Perrine, Samantha M. Wisely, Keith B. Aubry
Biological Sciences
Most native red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in the western contiguous United States appear to be climatically restricted to colder regions in the major mountain ranges and, in some areas, have suffered precipitous declines in abundance that may be linked to warming trends. However, another population of unknown origin has occurred in arid habitats in the Sacramento Valley of California well outside this narrow bioclimatic niche since at least 1880. If native, this population would be ecologically distinct among indigenous North American red foxes. We used mitochondrial and microsatellite markers from historical and modern samples (modes: 1910–1930 and 2000–2008, …
Platform Effects On Optical Variability And Prediction Of Underwater Visibility, Grace Chang, Michael S. Twardowski, Yu You, Mark A. Moline, Peng-Wang Zhai, Scott Freeman, Matthew Slivkoff, Francesco Nencioli, George W. Kattawar
Platform Effects On Optical Variability And Prediction Of Underwater Visibility, Grace Chang, Michael S. Twardowski, Yu You, Mark A. Moline, Peng-Wang Zhai, Scott Freeman, Matthew Slivkoff, Francesco Nencioli, George W. Kattawar
Biological Sciences
We present hydrographic and optical data collected concurrently from two different platforms, the R/P FLoating Instrument Platform and the R/V Kilo Moana, located about 2km apart in the Santa Barbara Channel in California. We show that optical variability between the two platforms was due primarily to platform effects, specifically the breakdown of stratification from mixing by the hull of R/P FLIP. Modeled underwater radiance distribution differed by as much as 50% between the two platforms during stratified conditions. We determine that the observed optical variability resulted in up to 57% differences in predicted horizontal visibility of a black target.
Investigation Of High Salt Intake And Adipogenesis In Rats, May Yong
Investigation Of High Salt Intake And Adipogenesis In Rats, May Yong
Biological Sciences
Sodium chloride has been scrutinized of late, not only for its liberal use as a food preservative but for its contribution to disease states. The causal role of habitual high salt intake in increasing blood pressure and exacerbating hypertension has been established. A growing body of evidence strongly suggests that hypertension contributes to other conditions such as cardiovascular disease, obesity, stroke, and type II diabetes. Rates of hypertension are significantly higher in obese individuals. These comorbidities have been positively associated with the modern Western diet. Worldwide, many government and health organizations have called for public policy measures to mandate sodium …
The Relationship Between Plasma Steroid Hormone Concentrations And The Reproductive Cycle In The Northern Pacific Rattlesnake, Crotalus Oreganus, Craig M. Lind, Jerry F. Husak, Cas Eikenaar, Ignacio T. Moore, Emily N. Taylor
The Relationship Between Plasma Steroid Hormone Concentrations And The Reproductive Cycle In The Northern Pacific Rattlesnake, Crotalus Oreganus, Craig M. Lind, Jerry F. Husak, Cas Eikenaar, Ignacio T. Moore, Emily N. Taylor
Biological Sciences
We describe the reproductive cycle of Northern Pacific rattlesnakes (Crotalus oreganus) by quantifying steroid hormone concentrations and observing reproductive behaviors in free-ranging individuals. Additionally, we examined reproductive tissues from museum specimens. Plasma steroid hormone concentrations were quantified for both male and female snakes throughout the active season (March–October). We measured testosterone (T), 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT), and corticosterone (B) concentrations in both sexes and 17β-estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P) in females only. We observed reproductive behaviors (e.g., consortship, courtship, and copulation) in the field and measured testis and follicle size in male and female snakes from museum collections to relate …
Correlated Evolution Of Defensive And Nutritional Traits In Native And Non-Native Plants, Nicole Molinari, Charles A. Knight
Correlated Evolution Of Defensive And Nutritional Traits In Native And Non-Native Plants, Nicole Molinari, Charles A. Knight
Biological Sciences
We performed a comparative analysis of defensive and nutritional plant traits responsible for differential herbivory in a series of experimental feeding trials with generalist herbivores. We measured three defensive traits (leaf strength, leaf mass per unit area and endophytic fungal infection) and two nutritional traits (foliar nitrogen and water) for 26 native and eight non-native plant species from coastal California shrublands. Our feeding trials involved three species of generalist herbivore (beet armyworm, cabbage looper and the garden snail) in two types of laboratory feeding trial (single plant species and preference tests). All traits were significantly related to the amount of …
Vascular Plants Of Adjacent Serpentine And Granite Outcrops On The Deer Isles, Maine, U.S.A, Nathaniel S. Pope, Tanner B. Harris, Nishanta Rajakaruna
Vascular Plants Of Adjacent Serpentine And Granite Outcrops On The Deer Isles, Maine, U.S.A, Nathaniel S. Pope, Tanner B. Harris, Nishanta Rajakaruna
Biological Sciences
We performed a comparative study of the vascular flora of a serpentine outcrop, Pine Hill, and that of a granite outcrop, Settlement Quarry, from Little Deer Isle and Deer Isle, respectively, Hancock County, Maine. We established four transects along a gradient from exposed to forested areas within each outcrop. Plants were recorded for presence and percent cover from circular plots along each transect. Soil and tissue samples were collected to examine soil-tissue elemental relations. One hundred thirty-two taxa were recorded from serpentine and 89 from granite. Fifty-seven taxa were shared by both sites. Species richness (α diversity) and diversity indices …
Bacteria - The Last Stronghold Of Lamarckism?, William D. Stansfield
Bacteria - The Last Stronghold Of Lamarckism?, William D. Stansfield
Biological Sciences
French naturalist J.B. Lamarck is most commonly known for popularizing the theory that some traits acquired during the life of an organism can be inherited in his 1809 book. German biologist A. Weismann presented evidence in his 1891 book that acquired traits were not heritable in sexually reproducing animals. But so little was known about bacteria that they were considered to be the last stronghold of Lamarckism. The “fluctuation test” of S. Luria and M. Delbrück in 1943 seemed to confirm that Lamarckism in bacteria was indeed dead. This review, however, proposes that today bacteria may be viewed as the …
Foraging Rates Of Larval Dragonfly Colonists Are Positively Related To Habitat Isolation: Results From A Landscape-Level Experiment, Shannon J. Mccauley, Tomas Brodin, John Hammond
Foraging Rates Of Larval Dragonfly Colonists Are Positively Related To Habitat Isolation: Results From A Landscape-Level Experiment, Shannon J. Mccauley, Tomas Brodin, John Hammond
Biological Sciences
There is increasing evidence of intraspecific variation in dispersal behavior. Individual differences in dispersal behavior may be correlated with other traits that determine the impact individuals have on patches they colonize. We established habitat patches—artificial pools—across a landscape, and these pools were naturally colonized by dragonfly larvae. Larvae were collected from pools at different levels of isolation and held under common lab conditions for 5 months. We then compared larval foraging rates. Foraging rate was positively related to habitat isolation, and colonists from the most isolated artificial pools had significantly higher foraging rates than individuals from the least isolated pools. …
Variation In The Heat Shock Response And Its Implication For Predicting The Effect Of Global Climate Change On Species' Biogeographical Distribution Ranges And Metabolic Costs, Lars Tomanek
Biological Sciences
The preferential synthesis of heat shock proteins (Hsps) in response to thermal stress [the heat shock response (HSR)] has been shown to vary in species that occupy different thermal environments. A survey of case studies of aquatic (mostly marine) organisms occupying stable thermal environments at all latitudes, from polar to tropical, shows that they do not in general respond to heat stress with an inducible HSR. Organisms that occupy highly variable thermal environments (variations up to >20°C), like the intertidal zone, induce the HSR frequently and within the range of body temperatures they normally experience, suggesting that the response is …