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- Fungal Adaptation (2)
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Articles 1 - 13 of 13
Full-Text Articles in Biology
Effects Of Heavy Metal Uptake On Growth, Chlorophyll Content, And Calcium Oxalate Crystals In Lemna Minor (Duckweed), Olivia F. Miller
Effects Of Heavy Metal Uptake On Growth, Chlorophyll Content, And Calcium Oxalate Crystals In Lemna Minor (Duckweed), Olivia F. Miller
Undergraduate Honors Thesis Projects
Lemna minor L., duckweed, is a common aquatic plant used for the phytoremediation of wastewater. Heavy metal contamination poses a significant issue, and numerous studies have been conducted on the efficiency of L. minor’s hyperaccumulation ability of these metals. Calcium oxalate crystals are an important aspect of the growth and development of L. minor, but how they are influenced by the uptake of heavy metal has not been extensively studied. This study aims to determine the effects that lead, cadmium, and copper have on the formation of calcium oxalate crystals, vegetative growth, and chlorophyll a and b content on L. …
Life Line March 2020, Otterbein Biology And Earth Science Department
Life Line March 2020, Otterbein Biology And Earth Science Department
Life Line - The Biology Department Newsletter
The Department Welcomes Dr. Sinn; Modeling to Help with Global Research; The Paradise of Bombs Revisited; The End of an Era in Conesville Ohio; Reports from two recipients of the Melinda Phinney Award for Pre-Med Travel Experiences; Preparing Skins for Study; Genomics in the Jungle; Zoo Program Gets New T -Shirt and Sweatshirt Designs; Aquarium Track Dives Right In; Dr. Svitana’s Sabbatical Accomplishments;Biology Behind Bars; Grossology: The Science of Icky, Sticky, Disgusting Things.
Life Line - February 2019, Otterbein Biology And Earth Science Department
Life Line - February 2019, Otterbein Biology And Earth Science Department
Life Line - The Biology Department Newsletter
Curricular Changes, Dr. Young's Sabbatical, Coal, Gas & Oil - Geology trip to eastern Ohio, Rebekah Perry is engaging the community in natural history, Student Research, Fem in STEM, Zoo students on Belize Trip, Scientific Art
The Effect Of Red Maple Leaf Toxicosis On Reduced Glutathione Levels In Equine Erythrocytes In Vitro, Madeline A. Rohl
The Effect Of Red Maple Leaf Toxicosis On Reduced Glutathione Levels In Equine Erythrocytes In Vitro, Madeline A. Rohl
Undergraduate Honors Thesis Projects
Red maple leaf toxicosis is an equine blood disorder resulting from the consumption of wilted red maple (Acer rubrum L.) leaves by horses. Compounds within the leaves of red maple have oxidative effects on equine erythrocytes and can cause hemolysis of erythrocytes, the conversion of hemoglobin to methemoglobin, and the production of Heinz bodies. Reduced glutathione is important in the protection of equine erythrocytes from these oxidative events; however, in the presence of red maple toxin, glutathione is rapidly oxidized and is unavailable. The objective of this study is to determine whether the presence of vitamin C alters levels …
Heritability Of Latent Period Estimated From Wild-Type And Selected Populations Of Puccinia Triticina, Jeffery S. Lehman, Gregory Shaner
Heritability Of Latent Period Estimated From Wild-Type And Selected Populations Of Puccinia Triticina, Jeffery S. Lehman, Gregory Shaner
Biology and Earth Science Faculty Scholarship
Durability of partially resistant wheat cultivars to wheat leaf rust depends on the amount of genetic variation in parasitic fitness within populations of the pathogen Puccinia triticina. To assess the durability of partial resistance, selection experiments were used to explore quantitative variation in parasitic fitness of P. triticina. Fungal populations 881-WT and 882-WT were selected for shortened latent period on partially resistant cvs. CI 13277 and Sw 72469-6 for multiple generations. Fitness components were measured for wild-type and selected fungal populations. Responses to selection and selection differentials were calculated, and broad-sense, realized heritabilities for latent period were estimated for wild-type …
Host Resistance To Monilinia Vaccinii-Corymbosi In Flowers And Fruits Of Highbush Blueberry, Jeffery S. Lehman, Suzu Igarashi, Peter V. Oudemans
Host Resistance To Monilinia Vaccinii-Corymbosi In Flowers And Fruits Of Highbush Blueberry, Jeffery S. Lehman, Suzu Igarashi, Peter V. Oudemans
Biology and Earth Science Faculty Scholarship
Monilinia vaccinii-corymbosi, the causal agent of mummy berry disease, infects blueberry flowers via the gynoecial pathway. To describe the expression of host resistance in highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum), fungal growth in the styles and colonization of the locules were compared among five blueberry cultivars in a series of controlled greenhouse experiments. Styles were harvested 1 and 4 days postinoculation, and the length colonized by hyphae was determined using fluorescence microscopy. At 8 weeks after inoculation, fruit were harvested and scored for the presence of hyphae in the locules. The infection frequency of styles ranged from 0.33 to 0.71, and only …
Ips Pini (Curculionidae: Scolytinae) Is A Vector Of The Fungal Pathogen, Sphaeropsis Sapinea (Coelomycetes), To Austrian Pines, Pinus Nigra (Pinaceae), Justin G.A. Whitehall, Jeffery S. Lehman, Pierluigi Bonello
Ips Pini (Curculionidae: Scolytinae) Is A Vector Of The Fungal Pathogen, Sphaeropsis Sapinea (Coelomycetes), To Austrian Pines, Pinus Nigra (Pinaceae), Justin G.A. Whitehall, Jeffery S. Lehman, Pierluigi Bonello
Biology and Earth Science Faculty Scholarship
Sphaeropsis sapinea (Fr.:Fr.) Dyko and Sutton, is among the most common and widely distributed pathogens of conifers worldwide. S. sapinea is disseminated over short distances by rain splash and moist wind, but significant knowledge gaps regarding long-range dispersal remain. Our objective was to determine whether or not the pine engraver beetle, Ips pini Say, is a vector of the pathogen onto Austrian pines (Pinus nigra Arnold). In 2004 and 2005, individuals of I. pini were collected with pheromone traps at two locations in central Ohio (197 and 1,017 individuals for 2004 and 2005, respectively) and screened for the presence of …
First Report Of Phytophthora Insolita And P. Inflata On Rhododendron In Ohio, Antonino Testa, Mikael Schilb, Jeffery S. Lehman, Gennaro Cristinzio, Pierluigi Bonello
First Report Of Phytophthora Insolita And P. Inflata On Rhododendron In Ohio, Antonino Testa, Mikael Schilb, Jeffery S. Lehman, Gennaro Cristinzio, Pierluigi Bonello
Biology and Earth Science Faculty Scholarship
During August 2003, we conducted a statewide survey of rhododendrons to determine if Phytophthora ramorum was present in Ohio ornamental nurseries. In total, 240 samples were randomly collected in 12 nurseries throughout Ohio from rhododendrons showing foliar necrotic lesions and twig dieback symptoms.
Relationship Among Genes Conferring Partial Resistance To Leaf Rust (Puccinia Triticina) In Wheat Lines Ci 13227 And L-574-1., Jeffery S. Lehman, Karin A. Hanson, Gregory Shaner
Relationship Among Genes Conferring Partial Resistance To Leaf Rust (Puccinia Triticina) In Wheat Lines Ci 13227 And L-574-1., Jeffery S. Lehman, Karin A. Hanson, Gregory Shaner
Biology and Earth Science Faculty Scholarship
This study describes the segregation of genes for resistance to the fungus Puccinia triticinain a cross between partially resistant wheat lines L-574-1 and CI 13227 with two and four genes for resistance, respectively. The objectives of this study were to use parental, F1, F2, and backcross populations to quantify maternal effects, degree of dominance, and transgressive segregation, and to determine whether CI 13227 and L-574-1 share any resistance genes for long latent period or small uredinia. In two experiments conducted in the greenhouse, the uppermost leaf of adult wheat plants was inoculated prior to heading with P. triticina. On days …
Relationships Between Blueberry Flower Age, Pollination, And Conidial Infection By Monilinia Vaccinii-Corymbosi, Jeffery S. Lehman, Henry K. Ngugi, Harald Scherm
Relationships Between Blueberry Flower Age, Pollination, And Conidial Infection By Monilinia Vaccinii-Corymbosi, Jeffery S. Lehman, Henry K. Ngugi, Harald Scherm
Biology and Earth Science Faculty Scholarship
Monilinia vaccinii-corymbosi infects open blueberry flowers via the gynoecial pathway, leading to mummification of the developing fruit. To determine the effect of flower age on infection, stigmata were inoculated with conidia of M. vaccinii-corymbosi between 0 and 5 days after anthesis, fungal growth rates through the stylar canal were measured in detached flowers in the laboratory, and fruit disease incidence was determined in plants grown in the greenhouse. Hyphal growth rates were greatest in flowers inoculated on the day of anthesis, declined linearly with increasing flower age at inoculation (r = 0.921; P < 0.0001; n = 12), and were unaffected by the presence or absence of pollen applied at the time of inoculation. In greenhouse-grown plants, the percentage of infected fruit decreased exponentially with increasing flower age at inoculation (R = 0.878; P = 0.0057; n = 10), with disease incidence ranging from 76.4% for flowers inoculated on the day of anthesis to 15.5% for those inoculated 4 days later. Fruit disease incidence in the greenhouse was linearly correlated with hyphal growth rates in detached flowers (r = 0.985; P < 0.0001; n = 9), justifying the use of detached flowers when investigating gynoecial infection by M. vaccinii-corymbosi. In separate experiments, the effects of timing and sequence of pollination and inoculation on hyphal growth rates through the stylar canal and on disease incidence were investigated. Application of pollen to detached flowers 1 or 2 days before inoculation reduced hyphal growth rates by between 14.0 and 42.9% compared with flowers that received pollen and conidia simultaneously. Similarly, reductions in fruit disease incidence by between 9.5 and 18.3% were observed on greenhouse-grown plants for pollination-to-inoculation intervals ranging from 1 to 4 days. These results document that newly opened flowers are most susceptible to infection by M. vaccinii-corymbosi and that fruit disease incidence is reduced if pollination occurs at least 1 day before inoculation. Strategies that lead to early pollination of newly opened flowers may be useful for managing mummy berry disease in the field.
Variation And Heritability Of Phenology In The Fungus Monilinia Vaccinii-Corymbosi On Blueberry, Jeffery S. Lehman, Peter V. Oudemans
Variation And Heritability Of Phenology In The Fungus Monilinia Vaccinii-Corymbosi On Blueberry, Jeffery S. Lehman, Peter V. Oudemans
Biology and Earth Science Faculty Scholarship
The germination of field-collected pseudosclerotia and the development of apothecia from eight New Jersey populations of the mummy berry fungus Monilinia vaccinii-corymbosi were evaluated under controlled conditions in the greenhouse. Development data for apothecia were used to describe the timing of apothecium formation and to estimate broad- and narrow-sense heritabilities of fungal phenology. Mean development times for the formation of apothecia ranged from 35.4 to 54.7 days. The mean development times for populations collected from early-season cv. Weymouth ranged from 35.4 to 39.6 days and were significantly shorter than the development times for three of the four populations collected from …
Phenology Of Apothecium Production In Populations Of Monilinia Vaccinii-Corymbosi From Early- And Late-Maturing Blueberry Cultivars, Jeffery S. Lehman, Peter V. Oudemans
Phenology Of Apothecium Production In Populations Of Monilinia Vaccinii-Corymbosi From Early- And Late-Maturing Blueberry Cultivars, Jeffery S. Lehman, Peter V. Oudemans
Biology and Earth Science Faculty Scholarship
Pseudosclerotia were evaluated for differences in timing of apothecium development in four controlled experiments conducted over a 2-year period. In a separate experiment, conidia from 10 randomly selected isolates from both of the fungal populations were used to inoculate open flowers. Germination of pseudosclerotia produced from these artificial inoculations also was evaluated. The timing and rate of shoot elongation for cvs. Weymouth and Jersey were assessed in one greenhouse and two field experiments. Average development times for the fungal population from cv. Weymouth were 8 to 15 days earlier or 33 to 42% less than those for the population from …
Selection Of Populations Of Puccinia Recondita F. Sp. Tritici For Shortened Latent Period On A Partially Resistant Wheat Cultivar, Jeffery S. Lehman, Gregory Shaner
Selection Of Populations Of Puccinia Recondita F. Sp. Tritici For Shortened Latent Period On A Partially Resistant Wheat Cultivar, Jeffery S. Lehman, Gregory Shaner
Biology and Earth Science Faculty Scholarship
Wild-type fungal population 851-WT was selected for shortened latent period on cv. CI 13227 for five uredinial generations to study the adaptation of Puccinia recondita f. sp. tritici to partially resistant wheat cultivars. Differences among wild-type and selected populations for traits contributing to parasitic fitness (i.e., latent period, infection frequency, and uredinium area and growth rate) were assessed in monocyclic infection experiments on susceptible cv. Monon and partially resistant cvs. Suwon 85, Sw 72469-6, L-574-1, and CI 13227. Differences were greatest among fungal populations on cv. CI 13227. The mean latent period of selected population 851-C5 was 2 days shorter …