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Articles 1 - 10 of 10
Full-Text Articles in Biology
Amphisbaenian Head Movement And Burrowing Forces In Damp Granular Media, Jacob Newell
Amphisbaenian Head Movement And Burrowing Forces In Damp Granular Media, Jacob Newell
Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects
Damp granular media is a difficult environment to study because it is both practically complex and it lacks equations which fully describe its behavior. In this study, an oscillatory lateral head movement and its effects while penetrating damp granular media were tested using a robophysical model. This experimental research was inspired by the burrowing behavior of the clade Amphisbaenia, a group of usually limbless squamates that employ a variety of different burrowing behaviors, but it can apply to a wide range of burrowers. This research could help with both human burrowing technologies and the further investigation of animal behaviors.
The Effects Of Sex On Zebrafish Bone Metabolism, Simon Bagatto
The Effects Of Sex On Zebrafish Bone Metabolism, Simon Bagatto
Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects
I investigated the effects of diet and sex on zebrafish bone metabolism. Zebrafish were subjected to either a high-calorie or low-calorie diet over a five-week period. After this diet, zebrafish scales were used to measure alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) enzyme activity with a fluorescent substrate. The enzyme activities were markers of the osteoblasts (ALP) and the osteoclasts (TRAP). These data were compared among sex and diet of the zebrafish using a repeated measures ANOVA statistical test. I also measured the number of resorption lacunae per scale (another indicator of osteoclast activity). The results showed higher TRAP …
Effects Of Electronic Cigarettes On The Standard Metabolic Rate Of Crayfish, Frank Shaffer
Effects Of Electronic Cigarettes On The Standard Metabolic Rate Of Crayfish, Frank Shaffer
Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects
This study aims to examine the relationship between e-cigarettes (both with nicotine and without) and the effects on the standard metabolic rates of crayfish. In this experiment, 42 crayfish were divided into three treatment groups and exposed to a designated solution of either a control solution or a solution containing e-cigarette (nicotine or non-nicotine) vapor. Their standard metabolic rates were then measured by using oxygen uptake as a proxy. The results of this experiment indicate that there is no statistically significant relationship between the use of electronic cigarettes and the standard metabolic rate of crayfish. However, this study can be …
Effect Of Glaucoma On Melanopsin Retinal Ganglion Cells In Mice, Abigail Mcmullen
Effect Of Glaucoma On Melanopsin Retinal Ganglion Cells In Mice, Abigail Mcmullen
Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects
Within the mammalian retina, there are melanopsin-containing ganglion cells. These intrinsically photoreceptive cells help control behavioral aspects of vision as well as to aid in circadian rhythms. In this project, it will be determined whether or not glaucoma has an effect on these cells, and what that effect is, from different points in the disease. Glaucoma is an eye disease that damages the retinal ganglion cells and eventually causes them to die, also it can be linked to irregular circadian rhythm. Many techniques will be used to prepare this project but computer imaging will be the primary method for determining …
Role Of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 2 Pathway Due To Preeclampsia: A Review, Firdous Ali
Role Of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 2 Pathway Due To Preeclampsia: A Review, Firdous Ali
Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects
Preeclampsia is a pregnancy complication that is characterized mainly by hypertension in the mother. The exact pathogenesis of preeclampsia is unknown, although the disease is attributed to a number of factors such as angiogenic factor levels and endothelial dysfunction. Presently, the control program for the disease involves the delivery of the fetus and the placenta. There is a need to develop novel therapies that would control preeclampsia from the moment it is diagnosed to minimize the effects on the mother and child. VEGF is a protein involved in the pathogenesis of the condition. The defect in one of its receptors, …
Neuroanatomy Of The Blackspotted Rockskipper, Entomacrodus Striatus, Pooja Dayal
Neuroanatomy Of The Blackspotted Rockskipper, Entomacrodus Striatus, Pooja Dayal
Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects
Here I characterized the central neuroanatomy of the Blackspotted Rockskipper, Entomacrodus striatus, native to French Polynesia. The neuroanatomy of E. striatus has not been studied prior to this paper. I used several histology and antibody staining techniques to accomplish this, including Crystal Violet, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and Bielschowsky’s Silver Nitrate staining. This paper describes the most successful techniques used, identifies major structures in the species’ neuroanatomy, and also explains why studying E. striatus is important in the future of vertebrate research.
Assessing Morphology Of Iprgcs After Traumatic Brain Injury, Brian Foresi, Matt Smith
Assessing Morphology Of Iprgcs After Traumatic Brain Injury, Brian Foresi, Matt Smith
Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects
ipRGCs are retinal ganglion cells that project to visual processing centers of the brain for nonimage forming visual functions. The relation of ipRGCs to tramatic brain injury (TBI) is emerging as data has been published describing ipRGC functional changes in TBI affected military veterans. Major symptomologies of concussions, a mild form of TBI, also overlap with the function governed by sites in the brain with major ipRGC projection percentages. Assesing if a morphological change is occuring in the ipRGCs after a TBI could support the idea of a pathological mechanism of the injury. This study could also indicate further relevance …
Examining Traumatic Bone Fracture Healing Versus Surgical Osteotomies In Canines And Resulting Rates Of Infection, Grace Gsellman
Examining Traumatic Bone Fracture Healing Versus Surgical Osteotomies In Canines And Resulting Rates Of Infection, Grace Gsellman
Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects
The development of osteomyelitis after surgical osteotomies and fracture repair in canines can propose serious health risks, ultimately leading to additional intervention from veterinarians that can become costly for pet owners and effect prognosis for the patient. Preventive measures are currently implemented during surgery and postoperatively. However, infection rates still range from 3.0% to 7.9% (Clark et al., 2018). By examining traumatic bone fracture healing versus surgical osteotomies in canines through the collection of both clinical and radiographic medical records, our primary objective was to further understand the physiological mechanism by which osteomyelitis develops. Limitations related to the collection of …
Measuring Bacterial Growth Using A 3d-Printable Spectrometer, Samuel R. Bunting
Measuring Bacterial Growth Using A 3d-Printable Spectrometer, Samuel R. Bunting
Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects
Visible light spectroscopy is a commonly used technique for measuring the growth of bacterial cultures, and growth curves provide broadly important data. However, the equipment and resources required for these experiments has been restricted to higher education and industry due to high cost and sophistication. We have previously reported on an inexpensive, 3D-printable photospectrometer called the SpecPhone. This device utilizes an iPhone as the camera, along with several other, inexpensive additions to make a fully functional spectrometer. Here, the application of the SpecPhone is expanded to the quantification of actively dividing E. coli cultures. Two protocols have been developed; one …
Factors Affecting Injury History And Their Overall Impact On Athletic Performance In Distance Runners, Trevor Norris
Factors Affecting Injury History And Their Overall Impact On Athletic Performance In Distance Runners, Trevor Norris
Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects
Distance running is a very precise mechanism of many intricate movements and abilities of the body. The amount of miles that a distance runner must run puts a lot of very intense stresses on one’s body. These stresses often appear at the bone level and lead to many injuries such as stress reactions and stress fractures but also may play important roles in tissue damages such as strains and pulls. In this study, we used division one college distance runners and examined many intricacies between their level of fitness and overall composition. These include looking at imbalances, dominant traits, and …