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Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Structural Biology Commons™

Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

2021

Mitochondria

Theses/Dissertations

Articles 1 - 6 of 6

Full-Text Articles in Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Structural Biology

A Time-Course Characterization Of Muscle Function And Mitochondrial Markers During Colorectal Cancer-Induced Cachexia In Tumor-Bearing Male Mice, Ana Cabrera Ayuso Jul 2021

A Time-Course Characterization Of Muscle Function And Mitochondrial Markers During Colorectal Cancer-Induced Cachexia In Tumor-Bearing Male Mice, Ana Cabrera Ayuso

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Cachexia is a multisystemic and multifactorial syndrome prevalent in cancer patients. It is clinically defined by involuntary loss of >5% weight in a six-month window, despite nutritional interventions. A negative energy balance characterizes cancer cachexia (CC), it is associated with weakness and fatigue in skeletal muscle. Impaired muscle function is associated with lower quality of life in cancer patients. Defects in mitochondrial function are strongly associated with muscle wasting. This study explored muscular contractile function and mitochondrial quality control (MQC) markers in soleus, gastrocnemius, and tibialis anterior (TA) muscles of C26-induced male tumor-bearing mice during a 25-day time course. It …

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Evaluating Bioenergetics And Mitochondrial Dynamics In Patient Fibroblasts With Pathogenic Mitochondrial Dna Mutations Causing Leigh Syndrome, Ajibola Bakare Jul 2021

Evaluating Bioenergetics And Mitochondrial Dynamics In Patient Fibroblasts With Pathogenic Mitochondrial Dna Mutations Causing Leigh Syndrome, Ajibola Bakare

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Leigh syndrome (LS) is a rare fatal mitochondrial disorder of infants caused by pathogenic mutations in the nuclear (nDNA) or mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) leading to mitochondrial dysfunction. The extent to which pathogenic mtDNA variants regulate disease severity in LS is not well understood. The heterogeneous nature of this disorder, based in part by complex mitochondrial genetics, and the nuclear and mitochondrial cross-talk has made it particularly challenging to investigate and develop therapies for treating LS . While the prognosis is poor, several studies are underway to understand the pathophysiology of LS. This dissertation provides a comprehensive structural and functional analysis …

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Mitochondrial Distribution Of Glycine Receptors In Motor Neuron Cell Lines, Katsiaryna Milashevich May 2021

Mitochondrial Distribution Of Glycine Receptors In Motor Neuron Cell Lines, Katsiaryna Milashevich

Student Theses and Dissertations

Although non-essential, glycine plays an important role in major metabolic reactions and is most known for its anti-inflammatory effects. An accumulation of contemporary research has shown that glycine is able to stabilize membrane potential using glycine receptors at the cellular level and to protect mitochondrial function directly, whether it is from inflammation, heavy metal poisoning, or ischemia-induced neuroinflammation. In this research, the existence of a hypothetical mitochondrial glycine receptor is examined. Immunofluorescence imaging was used to examine the presence of the glycine receptor subunits alpha 1 and alpha 2 in both non- differentiated and differentiated neuroblastoma cell lines. The preliminary …

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Function Of Mllt3 In Liver Metabolism, Grace Ann Hammack Jan 2021

Function Of Mllt3 In Liver Metabolism, Grace Ann Hammack

Master's Theses

The chromatin regulator MLLT3 recognizes target genes through the YEATS domain that identifies post-translationally modified histones, with preference for crotonyl and acetyl marks, and recruits different multiprotein effector complexes through its C-terminal domain to target genes. To study the role of MLLT3 in gene regulation, the Zeleznik-Le and Hemenway labs developed Mllt3 whole-body knockout (Mllt3;Rosa26-CreERT2) mice. These mice have a hematopoietic stem cell phenotype and an unexpected obesity and hepatic steatosis phenotype. It was unknown whether these phenotypes were from liver intrinsic effects or influenced by other parts of the body. To study this fatty liver phenotype further, Mllt3;Alb-Cre were …

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Mnrr1: Understanding The Role Of A Novel Mitochondrial-Nuclear Regulator, Stephanie L. Gladyck Jan 2021

Mnrr1: Understanding The Role Of A Novel Mitochondrial-Nuclear Regulator, Stephanie L. Gladyck

Wayne State University Dissertations

Mitochondria are complex organelles that generate most of the energy required to sustain life and function in metabolic and signaling pathways required to maintain cellular homeostasis. MNRR1 (mitochondrial nuclear retrograde regulator 1 or CHCHD2) is a small, bi-organellar twin CX9C protein that is emerging as an important regulator of mitochondrial function, apoptosis, and cellular stress by participating in mitochondrial-nuclear crosstalk. Our lab has previously shown that in the mitochondria, MNRR1 regulates complex IV (Cytochrome c oxidase or COX) and is able to finetune the oxidase function through phosphorylation status. We have also shown that during stress, mitochondrial MNRR1 levels deplete, …

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Huntingtin Aggregation At Interfaces Associated With Membranes And Organelles, Adewale Vincent Adegbuyiro Jan 2021

Huntingtin Aggregation At Interfaces Associated With Membranes And Organelles, Adewale Vincent Adegbuyiro

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports

Huntington’s Disease (HD) is a genetic neurodegenerative disease caused by the expansion of polyglutamine (polyQ) domain within the first exon (exon1) of the huntingtin (htt) protein. Due to this mutation within the polyQ domain, htt aggregates into various toxic species such as oligomers, fibrils, and other amorphous aggregates. While the aggregation of htt strongly correlates with polyQ length, other factors, e.g. interaction with membranes or organelles and posttranslational modifications (PTMs), modulate aggregation. The first 17 N-terminal amino acids (Nt17) that precede the polyQ in htt-exon1 enhances aggregation and facilitated binding of htt to membranous organelles, promoting morphological changes and disfunction. …

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