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Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Structural Biology Commons™
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Articles 1 - 8 of 8
Full-Text Articles in Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Structural Biology
Tail-Tape-Fused Virion And Non-Virion Rna Polymerases Of A Thermophilic Virus With An Extremely Long Tail, Anastasiia Chaban, Leonid Minakhin, Ekaterina Goldobina, Brain Bae, Yue Hao, Sergei Borukhov, Leena Putzeys, Maarten Boon, Florian Kabinger, Rob Lavigne, Kira S Makarova, Eugene V Koonin, Satish K Nair, Shunsuke Tagami, Konstantin Severinov, Maria L Sokolova
Tail-Tape-Fused Virion And Non-Virion Rna Polymerases Of A Thermophilic Virus With An Extremely Long Tail, Anastasiia Chaban, Leonid Minakhin, Ekaterina Goldobina, Brain Bae, Yue Hao, Sergei Borukhov, Leena Putzeys, Maarten Boon, Florian Kabinger, Rob Lavigne, Kira S Makarova, Eugene V Koonin, Satish K Nair, Shunsuke Tagami, Konstantin Severinov, Maria L Sokolova
Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine Faculty Scholarship
Thermus thermophilus bacteriophage P23-45 encodes a giant 5,002-residue tail tape measure protein (TMP) that defines the length of its extraordinarily long tail. Here, we show that the N-terminal portion of P23-45 TMP is an unusual RNA polymerase (RNAP) homologous to cellular RNAPs. The TMP-fused virion RNAP transcribes pre-early phage genes, including a gene that encodes another, non-virion RNAP, that transcribes early and some middle phage genes. We report the crystal structures of both P23-45 RNAPs. The non-virion RNAP has a crab-claw-like architecture. By contrast, the virion RNAP adopts a unique flat structure without a clamp. Structure and sequence comparisons of …
Fused In Sarcoma Regulates Glutamate Signaling And Oxidative Stress Response, Chiong-Hee Wong, Abu Rahat, Howard C Chang
Fused In Sarcoma Regulates Glutamate Signaling And Oxidative Stress Response, Chiong-Hee Wong, Abu Rahat, Howard C Chang
Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine Faculty Scholarship
Mutations in fused in sarcoma (fust-1) are linked to ALS. However, how these ALS causative mutations alter physiological processes and lead to the onset of ALS remains largely unknown. By obtaining humanized fust-1 ALS mutations via CRISPR-CAS9, we generated a C. elegans ALS model. Homozygous fust-1 ALS mutant and fust-1 deletion animals are viable in C. elegans. This allows us to better characterize the molecular mechanisms of fust-1-dependent responses. We found FUST-1 plays a role in regulating superoxide dismutase, glutamate signaling, and oxidative stress. FUST-1 suppresses SOD-1 and VGLUT/EAT-4 in the nervous system. FUST-1 also regulates synaptic AMPA-type glutamate receptor …
Anterior And Posterior Tongue Regions And Taste Papillae: Distinct Roles And Regulatory Mechanisms With An Emphasis On Hedgehog Signaling And Antagonism., Archana Kumari, Charlotte M. Mistretta
Anterior And Posterior Tongue Regions And Taste Papillae: Distinct Roles And Regulatory Mechanisms With An Emphasis On Hedgehog Signaling And Antagonism., Archana Kumari, Charlotte M. Mistretta
Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine Faculty Scholarship
Sensory receptors across the entire tongue are engaged during eating. However, the tongue has distinctive regions with taste (fungiform and circumvallate) and non-taste (filiform) organs that are composed of specialized epithelia, connective tissues, and innervation. The tissue regions and papillae are adapted in form and function for taste and somatosensation associated with eating. It follows that homeostasis and regeneration of distinctive papillae and taste buds with particular functional roles require tailored molecular pathways. Nonetheless, in the chemosensory field, generalizations are often made between mechanisms that regulate anterior tongue fungiform and posterior circumvallate taste papillae, without a clear distinction that highlights …
N-Terminal Domain Of Human Uracil Dna Glycosylase (Hung2) Promotes Targeting To Uracil Sites Adjacent To Ssdna-Dsdna Junctions, Brian P Weiser, Gaddiel Rodriguez, Philip A Cole, James T Stivers
N-Terminal Domain Of Human Uracil Dna Glycosylase (Hung2) Promotes Targeting To Uracil Sites Adjacent To Ssdna-Dsdna Junctions, Brian P Weiser, Gaddiel Rodriguez, Philip A Cole, James T Stivers
Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine Faculty Scholarship
The N-terminal domain (NTD) of nuclear human uracil DNA glycosylase (hUNG2) assists in targeting hUNG2 to replication forks through specific interactions with replication protein A (RPA). Here, we explored hUNG2 activity in the presence and absence of RPA using substrates with ssDNA-dsDNA junctions that mimic structural features of the replication fork and transcriptional R-loops. We find that when RPA is tightly bound to the ssDNA overhang of junction DNA substrates, base excision by hUNG2 is strongly biased toward uracils located 21 bp or less from the ssDNA-dsDNA junction. In the absence of RPA, hUNG2 still showed an 8-fold excision bias …
Snf1 Cooperates With The Cwi Mapk Pathway To Mediate The Degradation Of Med13 Following Oxidative Stress, Stephen D Willis, David C Stieg, Kai Li Ong, Ravina Shah, Alexandra K. Strich, Julianne H Grose, Katrina F Cooper
Snf1 Cooperates With The Cwi Mapk Pathway To Mediate The Degradation Of Med13 Following Oxidative Stress, Stephen D Willis, David C Stieg, Kai Li Ong, Ravina Shah, Alexandra K. Strich, Julianne H Grose, Katrina F Cooper
Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine Faculty Scholarship
Eukaryotic cells, when faced with unfavorable environmental conditions, mount either pro-survival or pro-death programs. The conserved cyclin C-Cdk8 kinase plays a key role in this decision. Both are members of the Cdk8 kinase module that, along with Med12 and Med13, associate with the core Mediator complex of RNA polymerase II. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, oxidative stress triggers Med13 destruction, which releases cyclin C into the cytoplasm to promote mitochondrial fission and programmed cell death. The SCFGrr1 ubiquitin ligase mediates Med13 degradation dependent on the cell wall integrity pathway, MAPK Slt2. Here we show that the AMP kinase Snf1 activates a second …
Acetic Acid Induces Sch9p-Dependent Translocation Of Isc1p From The Endoplasmic Reticulum Into Mitochondria, António Rego, Katrina F Cooper, Justin Snider, Yusuf A Hannun, Vítor Costa, Manuela Côrte-Real, Susana R Chaves
Acetic Acid Induces Sch9p-Dependent Translocation Of Isc1p From The Endoplasmic Reticulum Into Mitochondria, António Rego, Katrina F Cooper, Justin Snider, Yusuf A Hannun, Vítor Costa, Manuela Côrte-Real, Susana R Chaves
Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine Faculty Scholarship
Changes in sphingolipid metabolism have been linked to modulation of cell fate in both yeast and mammalian cells. We previously assessed the role of sphingolipids in cell death regulation using a well characterized yeast model of acetic acid-induced regulated cell death, finding that Isc1p, inositol phosphosphingolipid phospholipase C, plays a pro-death role in this process. Indeed, isc1∆ mutants exhibited a higher resistance to acetic acid associated with reduced mitochondrial alterations. Here, we show that Isc1p is regulated by Sch9p under acetic acid stress, since both single and double mutants lacking Isc1p or/and Sch9p have the same resistant phenotype, and SCH9 …
Till Death Do Us Part: The Marriage Of Autophagy And Apoptosis., Katrina F Cooper
Till Death Do Us Part: The Marriage Of Autophagy And Apoptosis., Katrina F Cooper
Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine Faculty Scholarship
Autophagy is a widely conserved catabolic process that is necessary for maintaining cellular homeostasis under normal physiological conditions and driving the cell to switch back to this status quo under times of starvation, hypoxia, and oxidative stress. The potential similarities and differences between basal autophagy and stimulus-induced autophagy are still largely unknown. Both act by clearing aberrant or unnecessary cytoplasmic material, such as misfolded proteins, supernumerary and defective organelles. The relationship between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and autophagy is complex. Cellular ROS is predominantly derived from mitochondria. Autophagy is triggered by this event, and by clearing the defective organelles effectively, …
Mechanistic Insights Into The Regulation Of Mitochondrial Fission By Cyclin C, Vidyaramanan Ganesan, Katrina F Cooper, Randy Strich
Mechanistic Insights Into The Regulation Of Mitochondrial Fission By Cyclin C, Vidyaramanan Ganesan, Katrina F Cooper, Randy Strich
Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine Faculty Scholarship
Cyclin C is a component of the mediator complex of RNA polymerase II that localizes to the nucleus under normal conditions. In response to stress, cyclin C translocates to the cytosol and mitochondria and mediates stress‐induced mitochondrial fission and apoptosis. The molecular mechanisms by which cyclin C induces mitochondrial fission are unknown. Using in vitro experimental approaches, we sought to investigate the mechanistic basis of cyclin C mediated mitochondrial fission.