Animal Sciences Commons^™

Contributions To The Knowledge Of The Diversity Of The Chewing Lice Fauna In Turkey, Gökhan Eren, Ömral Ünsal Özkoç, Mustafa Açici

Turkish Journal of Zoology

The aim of the study was to identify the chewing lice which were sampled from the birds found dead during ornithological studies in the natural areas of Samsun, and transported to the laboratory of Ondokuz Mayıs University, Veterinary Faculty, Department of Parasitology, between 2018 and 2020. All samples were collected by ectoparasite examination. The collected lice specimens were preserved in tubes with 70% alcohol. The specimens were cleared in 10% KOH for 24 h before being mounted in Canada balsam and identified under the light microscope. A total of 35 species under 3 families were detected in this study: Menoponidae: …

Preliminary Checklist Of Avifauna Of Tamanrasset (South Of Algeria) With Two New Records In Algeria, Belkacem Aimene Boulaouad, Ailam Oussama, Telailia Salah, Harzallah Mourad, Ayyach Khaled, Bekkouche Abdelkadir Missoum Mohamed, Soukkou Walid, Boutabia Lamia

Journal of Bioresource Management

Birds constitute a zoological group which is considered to be a good indicator of balance and biological diversity. The aim of this study was to investigate the birds of the region on Tamanresset which is situated in the south of Algeria and has an area of 554.000 km². Direct observations with camera and a pair of binoculars, supported by ornithological surveys carried out by progressive frequently sampling, in each stations of study area, 44 bird species were observed in this region which fall into 12 orders and 24 families. Among these species, 3 new observations recorded for the …

Occurrence Of Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) On Birds In Northwestern Lower Michigan, 2011-2019, William C. Scharf, Lisa Aukland, Gary W. Shugart, Sarah A. Hamer

The Great Lakes Entomologist

Abstract

Monitoring tick infestation of wildlife provides baseline tick

occurrence data that may have human or animal health implications. We collected 312 ticks of four species from 5,122 birds of 93 species while monitoring bird migration during 15 fall and spring seasons between 2011 and 2019 in the northern Lower Peninsula of Michigan. Twenty-seven of 93 bird species hosted ticks with an overall prevalence (=at least one tick) of 3.6% (185/5,122). Median burden was one tick/per infested bird with a range of 1-16 ticks per infested bird. Tick species collected were primarily Haemaphysalis leporispalustris (Packard) and Ixodes scapularis Say, with …

Role Of Rescue 1122 In Wildlife Welfare In Punjab, Pakistan, Muhammad Sajid Rana, Fakhar -I-Abbas, Fakhra Nazir, Kainaat William

Journal of Bioresource Management

Rescue 1122 emergency services in Punjab (Pakistan) also responds to calls when residents feel threatened from wild animals. Emergency calls received between August 2015 and July 2016 recorded 16 arthropod, 25 mammal, 156 bird, 816 reptile and 264 un-identified cases from different parts of the Punjab, which were safely handled and in majority of cases animals were safely released back in nature.

Wildlife Damage To Crops Adjacent To A Protected Area In Southeastern Mexico: Farmers’ Perceptions Versus Actual Impact, Gabriel Can-Hernández, Claudia Villanueva-García, Elías José Gordillo-Chávez, Coral Jazvel Pacheco-Figueroa, Elizabeth Pérez-Netzahual, Rodrigo García-Morales

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Human–wildlife conflicts occur when wildlife has an adverse effect on human activities (e.g., predation of livestock, crop raiding). These conflicts are increasing, particularly in areas surrounding natural protected areas, where villagers engage in subsistence agriculture. Crop damage may cause farmers to retaliate and harm wildlife species considered responsible for the damage. Among the factors that determine the intensity of the conflict are the frequency of the damage and the amount of biomass consumed relative to the perceptions, values, and cultural history of the farmers affected. To better understand the conflicts between farmers and wildlife, we compared farmer perceptions of wildlife …

Avian Jurisprudence And The Protection Of Migratory Birds In North America, Marshall A. Bowen

St. Mary's Law Journal

Abstract forthcoming

Mesostigmata Mites (Acari: Parasitiformes) Associated With Birds And Their Nests From, Mohamed Waleed Negm, Azza Abdelgawad Mohamed, Hosam Mohamed Khalil El-Gepaly, Safaa Mohamed Abdelaziz

Turkish Journal of Zoology

A survey of gamasid mites (Arachnida: Acari: Mesostigmata) associated with domestic and wild birds in Egypt was conducted. In total, 16 species within 10 families were collected from 22 bird species. The most abundant species belonged to the genera Dermanyssus Dugès (Dermanyssidae), Ornithonyssus Sambon, and Steatonyssus Kolenati (both Macronyssidae). Among various birds examined, the distribution and occurrence of mites were recorded. Taxonomic remarks about the morphology of the collected mites are presented to facilitate species discrimination for non-acarologists. Steatonyssus longipes Radovsky & Yunker, 1963, previously described as a new species from the Egyptian slit-faced bat, Nycteris thebaica Geoffroy (Chiroptera), is …

The Monitoring Of Feather Mites (Acari, Astigmata) Of The Warbler (Aves: Sylviidae) Species In The Kızılırmak Delta, Samsun, Turkey, Esra Per, Meti̇n Aktaş

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Feather mites (Astigmata) are among the most common ectosymbionts that live on birds. The present research was conducted between 2010 and 2013 in the Kızılırmak delta Cernek Bird Ringing Station in Samsun, Turkey. Assessments of the taxonomy, collection methods, and the periodic host-species relationships of the mites collected were conducted for 591 individuals of 10 bird species belonging to the family Sylviidae captured using mist nets during the bird migration periods. Ten feather mite species were identified from the families Proctophyllodidae, Analgidae, and Trouesartidae. These species are Strelkoviacarus quadratus (Haller, 1882); Dolichodectes edwardsi (Trouessart, 1885); Proctophyllodes cetti Badek, Mironov, and …

A Study On The Birds Of Urban Islamabad In Moonsoon Season, Ehjaz Raza Abbas, Sabiha Shamim, Fida Muhammad Khan

Journal of Bioresource Management

Every species constituting the fauna of an environment plays an important role in various aspects of Ecology. Cataloging of available diversity provides base line for any advancement in conservation. This study was designed to gather information from the field and literature to formulate a checklist of birds. Compartments of study area were visited on appropriate timing and compared with available literature. A checklist was formulated. Comparisons with the existing lists were made and the new distribution of birds was reported.

A Revision And Pectoral Guide To The Checklist Of Birds Of Salt Range, Zahid Iqbal Khan, Adila Nazli, Fakhra Nazir, Madeeha Manzoor

Journal of Bioresource Management

Birds as major important component of biodiversity provide a vital aspect of nature’s beauty and completes important ecological role in ecosystem. Current study was designed to gather baseline information about birds of salt range which tends to be modifying with the passage of time. The area was surveyed, pictures of birds were taken and after identification a checklist was formulated and changes in biodiversity was notified.

Factors Affecting Trace Element Accumulation In Livers Of Avian Species From East Poland, Ignacy Kitowski, Dariusz Wiacek, Agnieszka Sujak, Andrzej Komosa, Michal Swietlicki

Turkish Journal of Zoology

The aim of this study was to determine the concentration of 12 elements in the livers of 14 different species of birds from East Poland, as well as factors affecting their accumulation. The greatest amount of Cd was found in the livers of woodcocks. Analyses showed that Cd accumulation in the liver was associated with the consumption of soil invertebrates. Our data show that some corvids were the most vulnerable to the effects of lead bullets. In the livers of some of them, lead levels exceeded 6 mg/kg. Expansion of food niches in the direction of omnivorous species limited the …

Wind Energy Development: Methods For Assessing Risks To Birds And Bats Pre-Construction, Todd Katzner, Victoria Bennett, Tricia Miller, Adam Duerr, Melissa Braham, Amanda Hale

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Wind power generation is rapidly expanding. Although wind power is a low-carbon source of energy, it can impact negatively birds and bats, either directly through fatality or indirectly by displacement or habitat loss. Pre-construction risk assessment at wind facilities within the United States is usually required only on public lands. When conducted, it generally involves a 3-tier process, with each step leading to more detailed and rigorous surveys. Preliminary site assessment (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Tier 1) is usually conducted remotely and involves evaluation of existing databases and published materials. If potentially at-risk wildlife are present and the developer …

Avian Fatalities At Wind Energy Facilities In North America: A Comparison Of Recent Approaches, Douglas H. Johnson, Scott R. Loss, K. Shawn Smallwood, Wallace P. Erickson

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Three recent publications have estimated the number of birds killed each year by wind energy facilities at 2012 build-out levels in the United States. The 3 publications differ in scope, methodology, and resulting estimates. We compare and contrast characteristics of the approaches used in the publications. In addition, we describe decisions made in obtaining the estimates that were produced. Despite variation in the 3 approaches, resulting estimates were reasonably similar; about a quarter- to a half-million birds are killed per year by colliding with wind turbines.

Mitigating Wind Energy Impacts On Wildlife: Approaches For Multiple Taxa, Edward B. Arnett, Roel F. May

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Mitigating impacts of wind energy development on wildlife is important for conservation and public acceptance of this energy source. We provide an overview of approaches to mitigate impacts of onshore wind energy development on wildlife, following steps in the mitigation hierarchy, including avoidance, minimization, and compensatory mitigation. Planning and avoiding predicted high-risk areas is fundamental to reduce impacts on birds and bats. Contrary to avoidance, once facilities are built, options to minimize impacts need to be tailored to species at the specifc site, and can be limited especially for bats. Curtailing wind turbine operations is the only approach proven effective …

Animal Mourning: Précis Of How Animals Grieve (King 2013), Barbara J. King

Animal Sentience

Abstract: When an animal dies, that individual’s mate, relatives, or friends may express grief. Changes in the survivor’s patterns of social behavior, eating, sleeping, and/or of expression of affect are the key criteria for defining grief. Based on this understanding of grief, it is not only big-brained mammals like elephants, apes, and cetaceans who can be said to mourn, but also a wide variety of other animals, including domestic companions like cats, dogs, and rabbits; horses and farm animals; and some birds. With keen attention placed on seeking where grief is found to occur and where it is absent …

Breeding Birds Of Virginia, Bryan D. Watts

Virginia Journal of Science

Virginia supports a diverse community of breeding birds that has been the focus of investigation for more than 400 years. The avifauna reflects the latitudinal position of the state and the fact that the border extends from the Atlantic Ocean to the Appalachian Mountains. A total of 224 species have been recorded breeding in Virginia, 214 of which are extant. Twenty species have colonized the state since 1900 including 14 since 1950. Of all extant species, 102 (48%) are considered common at least somewhere in the state and 64 (30%) are rare to very rare. Diversity varies by physiographic region …

Total Mercury Concentration In The Kidneys Of Birds From Poland, Ignacy Kitowski, Radoslaw Kowalski, Andrzej Komosa, Agnieszka Sujak

Turkish Journal of Zoology

A study was conducted on mercury renal concentration in 154 individuals of 28 species of birds with various habitat and trophic preferences. The highest geometric mean concentrations of Hg were found in large piscivorous birds such as Cormorant and Grey Heron. The maximum mercury levels were noted for individuals of White-tailed Eagle and Great Crested Grebe. Significant differences in renal mercury concentration between Sparrowhawk individuals were found in winter and in spring. Male Sparrowhawks generally accumulated rather more mercury in their kidneys than the females. Statistically significant differences in renal mercury concentration between males and females were also found for …

A Comparison Of Techniques Measuring Stress In Birds, Deborah A. O'Dell, Michael A. Carlo, Abigail Kimmitt, Ellen Bikowski, Katherine R. Morris, Andrew Dolby

Virginia Journal of Science

Free-living birds are subjected to both external and internal stresses which can affect their health, activity, and reproductive success. To study stress in free living birds, they must be captured in nets and handled by the researcher to take blood samples for commonly used measures of stress, an activity which itself can induce stress and confound results. This study compares the effects of handling time on three different measures of stress: levels of the stress hormone corticosterone (CORT), levels of Heat Shock Protein 60 (HSP 60) and the ratio of heterophils to lymphocytes (H/L ratio) in tufted titmouse (Baeolophus bicolor …

Birds And Small Urban Parks: A Study In A High Plateau City, Salvador Peris, Tinguaro Montelongo

Turkish Journal of Zoology

The goal of the present study was to assess which variables influence the distribution of birds in urban parks. Twenty parks were studied in a city on the Spanish high plateau during the breeding season, and relationships among park characteristics, bird richness, and individual bird presences were established. The park area and tree cover accounted for 73.1% of the variation in bird richness. Although area size was the best predictor of species richness (65% of the variation), some species did not seem to be related to this variable but rather to others, such as vegetation and the degree of park …

Biodiversity Of Filariae (Nematoda: Filariata), Parasites Of Birds In Uzbekistan, Kalandar Saparov, Firuza Akramova, Djalaliddin Azimov, Vladimir Golovanov, Abdurakhim Kuchboev

Turkish Journal of Zoology

In Uzbekistan, 53 species in 4 families of nematodes of the suborder Filariata Skrjabin, 1915 (Aproctidae [9], Splendidofilariidae [12], Diplotriaenidae [20], Oswaldofilariidae [12]) were found to infect 14 orders of birds. Passeriformes harbored 23, the greatest number of species. The rate of infection was significantly lower in birds confined to aquatic environments.

Modification Of Net Configurations Of The Coda Netlauncher® To Enhance Bird Capture, Amanda M. Prisock, Brian S. Dorr, James C. Cumbee

Human–Wildlife Interactions

We modified and evaluated capture nets fired from the Coda Netlauncher® as a tool for capturing various avian species. We modified the netlauncher by using customized nets to maximize the area of the capture zone. We captured 137 birds, comprising 12 species, in 23 attempts between July 2008 and October 2009 using this method. Capture success rates varied from 25 to 69% were comparable to success rates reported for other capture methods for these species. However, individual capture success for different net configurations varied greatly from 3 to 65%. Minimal injuries and 2 bird fatalities were reported. The netlauncher, using …

Bird Consumption Of Sweet And Tart Cherries, Catherine A. Lindell, Rachael A. Eaton, Erin M. Lizotte, Nikki L. Rothwell

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Identifying species responsible for crop damage is an important first step in developing management strategies. Previous studies have surveyed bird species flying through cherry orchards but have not documented which species were consuming cherries. We conducted traditional surveys and behavioral observations in orchards of sweet cherries (Prunus avium) and tart cherries (Prunus cerasus) in Michigan during 2010 to compare results from the 2 techniques. American robins (Turdus migratorius) were detected most frequently during sweet cherry surveys, while behavioral observations showed that cedar waxwings (Bombycilla cedrorum) consumed more sweet cherries than did robins. …

Rock Pigeon Use Of Livestock Facilities In Northern Colorado: Implications For Improving Farm Bio-Security, James C. Carlson, Larry Clark, Michael F. Antolin, Mo D. Salman

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Rock pigeons (Columba livia) have been implicated in the spread of pathogens within commercial livestock facilities. Currently, there is no data characterizing pigeon habitat use and movement patterns within and among commercial livestock facilities. To better understand the capacity for pigeons to spread pathogens, we used radio-telemetry techniques to estimate the home-range, travel distance, activity, and habitat use of pigeons roosting on and off dairies and feedlots in western Weld County, Colorado. Our observations suggest that pigeons roosting on (resident) and off (nonresident) livestock facilities use habitat differently. Nonresident pigeons used larger home-range areas than did resident pigeons. …

A Review Of Shiga Toxin Escherichia Coli And Salmonella Enterica In Cattle And Free-Ranging Birds: Potential Association And Epidemiological Links, Kerri Pedersen, Larry Clark

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Cattle are the main reservoir for human infection by pathogenic Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica. To prevent entry of these foodborne pathogens into the human food chain, management factors at the farm level must be identified and controlled. External sources of contamination, such as birds, should be considered as potential sources of transmission over long distances. In this review, we focus on the epidemiology of infection by E. coli and S. enterica and the consequences of birds acting as disseminators of these pathogens at dairy farms in terms of cattle health and the subsequent effects on human health.

Crop Diversification Leads To Diverse Bird Problems In Hawaiian Agriculture, Marni E. Koopman, William C. Pitt

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Over the last 20 years, Hawaii’s agriculture has shifted from a focus on sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum) and pineapples (Ananas comosus) produced on large farms to a diverse array of products produced on a multitude of smaller farms. This dramatic shift in production, in addition to the introduction of many new avian species, has resulted in a concomitant change in the problems faced by agriculture. We surveyed farmers to determine the extent of bird damage to crops, the species responsible, the crops most vulnerable, and control methods employed. Bird problems varied by island, but cardinals ( …

The Ornithofauna Of Lake Karakuyu (Afyonkarahisar, Turkey), Hümeyra Nergi̇z, Mehmet Ali̇ Tabur

Turkish Journal of Zoology

This study was carried out to determine the ornithofauna of Lake Karakuyu, which is located in the Inner-West Toros surroundings of the Lakes Region and in Dinar district of Afyonkarahisar province. The study area is an artificial lake and it has Wildlife Protection Area status. During the study period from August 2004 to July 2005, a total of 74 bird species belonging to 31 families were observed in the area. The status of these species is as follows: 24 residents, 7 winter migrants, 22 summer migrants, and 21 transit migrants. To show the national and international importance of Lake Karakuyu, …

Morphometric Analysis Of The Sternum In Avian Species, Ayhan Düzler, Özcan Özgel, Nejdet Dursun

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The anatomy of the sternum in avian species differs according to their movement and particularly flight capability, as well as species and habitat. Various studies aimed at the examination and measurement of the sternum in avian species have been carried out. However, to the authors' knowledge, no study on the correlation between sternal measurements and movement style has been published previously. In this study, the sternums of certain avian species including the red falcon (Buteo rufinus), rooster (Gallus domesticus), drake (Anas platyrhynches), bald ibis (Geronticus eremita), pigeon (Columba livia), white stork (Ciconia ciconia), eagle owl (Bubo bubo), goose (Anser anser) …

Birds Of Lake Beyşehir (Isparta-Konya), Mehmet Ali̇ Tabur, Yusuf Ayvaz

Turkish Journal of Zoology

The Lakes Region contains wetlands important for Turkey's biodiversity. In this study conducted from October 2000 to September 2002 at Lake Beyşehir, 181 bird species were observed. Sixty-one residents, 43 winter migrants, 51 summer migrants, and 26 transit migrants were observed. According to the IUCN, Pelecanus crispus, Phalacrocorax pygmeus, Aythya nyroca, Haliaeetus albicilla and Falco naumanni are threatened and the other 176 species observed are not. According to the statistical data, Cuculiformes, Strigiformes and Caprimulgiformes were less common, while Passeriformes was the most common order in the study in terms of bird species. Among the other lakes in the Lakes …

The Avifauna Of Termessos National Park (Antalya-Turkey), Hakan Sert, Ali̇ Erdoğan

Turkish Journal of Zoology

The bird fauna of Termessos National Park, in south-central Anatolia about 37 km north-west of Antalya city centre, was studied between October 1998 and April 2000. In the study area, 113 species of forest and mountain birds, belonging to 32 families, were recorded. Their residence status is as follows: 50 residents (R), 40 summer (S) and 14 winter visitors (W), 5 vagrants (V) and 4 passage migrants (Pm). To show the national and international importance of Termessos National Park, the numbers of threatened bird species are compared with the Red Data Book of Turkey (total 51 threatened species: A.1.2 = …

The Effects Of A Solar Eclipse On Animals Behavior, Orhan Özbey, M. Hani̇fi̇ Aysöndü, Hati̇ce Özer, Ü. Gülci̇han Şi̇mşek

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study was conducted to determine the effects of the solar eclipse of August 11, 1999, on the behavior of birds (chickens, Pekin ducks, gulls, crows and sparrows), cattle, bees and horses. The animals were observed for 6, from 11 am to 5 pm. Abnormal and extreme behaviors were determined at the observation times. Birds, cattle, bees and horses felt the solar eclipse about 45, 20, 65 and 35 minutes before it occurred, respectively. They showed this via their behaviors. When the total solar eclipse occurred between 2:37 and 2:39 pm, laying hens and broilers crowded together. They were very …