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Full-Text Articles in Animal Sciences
Investigating The Relationship Between Biodiversity And Ecosystem Multifunctionality: Challenges And Solutions, Jarrett E. K. Byrnes, Lars Gamfeldt, Forest Isbell, Jonathan S. Lefcheck, John N. Griffin, Andy Hector, Bradley J. Cardinale, David U. Hooper, Laura E. Dee, J. Emmett Duffy
Investigating The Relationship Between Biodiversity And Ecosystem Multifunctionality: Challenges And Solutions, Jarrett E. K. Byrnes, Lars Gamfeldt, Forest Isbell, Jonathan S. Lefcheck, John N. Griffin, Andy Hector, Bradley J. Cardinale, David U. Hooper, Laura E. Dee, J. Emmett Duffy
VIMS Articles
Summary 1. Extensive research shows that more species-rich assemblages are generally more productive and efficient in resource use than comparable assemblages with fewer species. But the question of how diversity simultaneously affects the wide variety of ecological functions that ecosystems perform remains relatively understudied. It presents several analytical and empirical challenges that remain unresolved. In particular, researchers have developed several disparate metrics to quantify multifunctionality, each characterizing different aspects of the concept and each with pros and cons. 2. We compare four approaches to characterizing multifunctionality and its dependence on biodiversity, quantifying (i) magnitudes of multiple individual functions separately, (ii) …
Value Of Coastal Habitats For Exploited Species: Introduction To A Theme Set Of Articles, Rochelle D. Seitz
Value Of Coastal Habitats For Exploited Species: Introduction To A Theme Set Of Articles, Rochelle D. Seitz
VIMS Articles
Many exploited fish and invertebrate species use coastal habitats during one or more life-history stages as spawning, feeding, and nursery areas; yet, the value of these habitats has not been adequately characterized. As habitat availability can be a bottleneck for many populations, concerns about habitat effects on exploited species have been increasing. We have compiled nine articles presenting the state of knowledge and future research priorities regarding the importance of habitat for exploited species. Reviews from European habitats and several geographical locations throughout the United States demonstrate the influence of coastal habitats on survival, growth, and movement, especially during the …
Zooplankton Carcasses And Non-Predatory Mortality In Freshwater And Inland Sea Environments, Kw Tang, Mi Gladyshev, Op Dubovskaya, G Kirillin, Hp Grossart
Zooplankton Carcasses And Non-Predatory Mortality In Freshwater And Inland Sea Environments, Kw Tang, Mi Gladyshev, Op Dubovskaya, G Kirillin, Hp Grossart
VIMS Articles
Zooplankton carcasses are ubiquitous in marine and freshwater systems, implicating the importance of non-predatory mortality, but both are often overlooked in ecological studies compared with predatory mortality. The development of several microscopic methods allows the distinction between live and dead zooplankton in field samples, and the reported percentages of dead zooplankton average 11.6 (minimum) to 59.8 (maximum) in marine environments, and 7.4 (minimum) to 47.6 (maximum) in fresh and inland waters. Common causes of non-predatory mortality among zooplankton include senescence, temperature change, physical and chemical stresses, parasitism and food-related factors. Carcasses resulting from non-predatory mortality may undergo decomposition leading to …
Ecological Value Of Coastal Habitats For Commercially And Ecologically Important Species, Rochelle D. Seitz, H Wennhage, U Bergstrom, Rn Lipcius, T Ysebaert
Ecological Value Of Coastal Habitats For Commercially And Ecologically Important Species, Rochelle D. Seitz, H Wennhage, U Bergstrom, Rn Lipcius, T Ysebaert
VIMS Articles
Many exploited fish and macroinvertebrates that utilize the coastal zone have declined, and the causes of these declines, apart from overfishing, remain largely unresolved. Degradation of essential habitats has resulted in habitats that are no longer adequate to fulfil nursery, feeding, or reproductive functions, yet the degree to which coastal habitats are important for exploited species has not been quantified. Thus, we reviewed and synthesized literature on the ecological value of coastal habitats (i.e. seagrass beds, shallow subtidal and intertidal habitats, kelp beds, shallow open water habitats, saltmarshes, mussel beds, macroalgal beds, rocky bottom, and mariculture beds) as feeding grounds, …
Paradox Reconsidered: Methane Oversaturation In Well-Oxygenated Lake Waters, Kw Tang, Df Mcginnis, K Frindte, V Bruchert, Hp Grossart
Paradox Reconsidered: Methane Oversaturation In Well-Oxygenated Lake Waters, Kw Tang, Df Mcginnis, K Frindte, V Bruchert, Hp Grossart
VIMS Articles
The widely reported paradox of methane oversaturation in oxygenated water challenges the prevailing paradigm that microbial methanogenesis only occurs under anoxic conditions. Using a combination of field sampling, incubation experiments, and modeling, we show that the recurring mid-water methane peak in Lake Stechlin, northeast Germany, was not dependent on methane input from the littoral zone or bottom sediment or on the presence of known micro-anoxic zones. The methane peak repeatedly overlapped with oxygen oversaturation in the seasonal thermocline. Incubation experiments and isotope analysis indicated active methane production, which was likely linked to photosynthesis and/or nitrogen fixation within the oxygenated water, …
Biogeochemical Variability In The Southern Ross Sea As Observed By A Glider Deployment, De Kaufman, Mam Friedrichs, Wj Smith Jr., By Queste, Kj Heywood
Biogeochemical Variability In The Southern Ross Sea As Observed By A Glider Deployment, De Kaufman, Mam Friedrichs, Wj Smith Jr., By Queste, Kj Heywood
VIMS Articles
High-resolution autonomous glider data (including temperature, salinity, fluorescence, and optical backscatter) collected during the 2010-2011 austral summer identified variations in phytoplankton biomass along two glider sections near 76 degrees 40'S. Sea surface temperatures were warmer during the latter, westward section, while mixed layer depths were deeper. Substantial quantities of Modified Circumpolar Deep Water, identified by neutral density criteria, were located within both sections. Chlorophyll (Chl) concentrations computed from fluorescence exhibited daily quenching near the surface, and deep chlorophyll concentrations at 200 m became periodically elevated, suggesting substantial export on small space and time scales. The concentrations of particulate organic carbon …
Field Experimental Evidence That Grazers Mediate Transition Between Microalgal And Seagrass Dominance, Pl Reynolds, Jp Richardson, Je Duffy
Field Experimental Evidence That Grazers Mediate Transition Between Microalgal And Seagrass Dominance, Pl Reynolds, Jp Richardson, Je Duffy
VIMS Articles
We tested the relative effects of nutrient loading, reduced predation, and reduced grazing on eelgrass community dynamics in Chesapeake Bay and found evidence supporting the "mutualistic mesograzer model" in which small invertebrate grazers control accumulation of epiphytic algae, buffer eutrophication effects, and thus facilitate seagrass dominance. Experimental reduction of crustacean grazers in the field stimulated a nearly sixfold increase in epiphytic algae, and reduced seagrass biomass by 65% compared to controls with grazers. Nutrient fertilization generally had much weaker effects, but an interaction with mesograzers was key in changing the sign of fertilization effects on the system: aboveground eelgrass biomass …
Individual, Population, And Ecosystem Effects Of Hypoxia On A Dominant Benthic Bivalve In Chesapeake Bay, W. Christopher Long, Rochelle D. Seitz, Bryce J. Brylawski, Romuald N. Lipcius
Individual, Population, And Ecosystem Effects Of Hypoxia On A Dominant Benthic Bivalve In Chesapeake Bay, W. Christopher Long, Rochelle D. Seitz, Bryce J. Brylawski, Romuald N. Lipcius
VIMS Articles
Hypoxia is an environmental stressor that affects abundance, biomass,diversity, and ecosystem function of benthic assemblages worldwide, yet its collective impact at individual, population, and ecosystem levels has rarely been investigated. We examined the effects of hypoxia on the biomass-dominant clam,Macoma balthica, in the York and Rappahannock Rivers (Chesapeake Bay, USA). We (1) surveyed the M. balthica populationsin both rivers in 2003 and 2004, (2) determined the effects of low dissolved oxygen (DO) on M.balthica fecundity in a laboratory experiment, and (3) employed a predator-exclusion fieldexperiment to establish the effects of hypoxia and prey density on predation upon M. balthica.The resultant …
Multifunctionality Does Not Imply That All Functions Are Positively Correlated, J Byrnes, Js Lefcheck, L Gamfeldt, Jn Griffin, F Isbell
Multifunctionality Does Not Imply That All Functions Are Positively Correlated, J Byrnes, Js Lefcheck, L Gamfeldt, Jn Griffin, F Isbell
VIMS Articles
No abstract provided.