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Articles 1 - 30 of 134
Full-Text Articles in Animal Sciences
Unbridled Insights: Exploring Equine Behavior Through Gps Tracking And Analysis, Madison L. Philbrick
Unbridled Insights: Exploring Equine Behavior Through Gps Tracking And Analysis, Madison L. Philbrick
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Horse behavior in pasture and grazing environments remains understudied, despite the substantial domestic horse population in the United States. This paper explores the utilization of Global Positioning System (GPS) technology to detect equine behavior, specifically focusing on grazing behaviors. By analyzing GPS data from (n=9) Standardbred horses, this study aims to establish the capabilities and accuracy of the Columbus P-1 data logger as a low-cost GPs unit for equine research, without the use of accelerometers. Through the data provided by the GPS unit, a model to distinguish grazing, resting, drinking, walking, trotting, and running was developed with satisfactory detection rates. …
Assessing The Role Of The Microbiome, Parasite Infections, And Movement In Avian Health, Olivia N. Choi
Assessing The Role Of The Microbiome, Parasite Infections, And Movement In Avian Health, Olivia N. Choi
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Avian health encompasses the physical, physiological, and behavioral well-being of birds. Assessing avian health is not only important for the conservation and management of wild birds and the recreational economy, but also for the management of infectious diseases that threaten public health and agriculture. Birds, comprising approximately 10,000 species and an estimated 50 billion individuals worldwide, are known to be involved in the spread of pathogens, some of which are zoonotic (from animals to humans), such as avian influenza and West Nile viruses. Individual measures of avian health may include physical measurements (e.g., body mass, wing length), pathogen infection status, …
Effects Of Wilting Extent On The Phytoestrogen Levels, Nutritional Value, Microbial Populations, And In Vitro Ruminal Methane Emissions Of Red Clover Hay And Silage Across Stages, Diego Zamudio Ayala
Effects Of Wilting Extent On The Phytoestrogen Levels, Nutritional Value, Microbial Populations, And In Vitro Ruminal Methane Emissions Of Red Clover Hay And Silage Across Stages, Diego Zamudio Ayala
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The main objective of this thesis is to improve the understanding and awareness of methodologies to decrease phytoestrogens in conserved legumes without sacrificing forage nutritive value. In chapter 1, we discussed the main factors influencing each stage of hay production and our current understanding of the hay microbiome dynamics. The primary objective of haymaking is to dry forage enough (80-85% DM) to inhibit the growth of undesirable microbes and halt residual plant enzymatic activity that causes nutrient losses. During the field and storage phases of haymaking, the environment, management practices, and other factors influence the extent of DM losses. This …
Collaborative And Engaged Research To Strengthen Equity And Adaptive Governance In Co-Managed Fisheries, Gabrielle V. Hillyer
Collaborative And Engaged Research To Strengthen Equity And Adaptive Governance In Co-Managed Fisheries, Gabrielle V. Hillyer
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Small-scale, co-managed fisheries are found throughout the world and often represent intertwining cultures, societies, communities, economies, institutions, and governments. They face complex issues, derived from ecological and social sources. Solving these issues requires diverse expertise, often developed through engaged methodologies which can facilitate collaborative solution creation between researchers, community members, and others. In this dissertation, I demonstrate the benefits of these engaged methodologies and review how they, when coupled with anticolonial approaches to research, can create more equitable solutions to complex issues. This dissertation focuses on multiple projects within the wild clam fishery in Maine including: (1) the creation of …
Biophysical Factors Impacting Sea Lice Settlement And Survival, Eleanor R. Glahn
Biophysical Factors Impacting Sea Lice Settlement And Survival, Eleanor R. Glahn
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) aquaculture production in Maine is a valuable contributor to the economy, the expansion of which has been challenged by the parasitic salmon louse Lepeophtheirus salmonis. As planktonic organisms, the life of the salmon louse is primarily dictated by the physical conditions of the environment: the temperature for development time, salinity for survival, and current velocity for transport. Salmon lice are obligate parasites for whom the successful infection of a suitable host is critical to completion of their life cycle. However, little is understood about the effects of current velocity on infection success. Hydrodynamic …
Comparative Energetics Of Mammalian Thermoregulatory Physiology, Ana M. Breit
Comparative Energetics Of Mammalian Thermoregulatory Physiology, Ana M. Breit
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Endothermy allows species to decouple body temperature from environmental
temperatures but does not equate to endothermic species maintaining those constant temperatures. Instead, heterothermy fluctuating body temperatures, both in and outside of torpor is common and allows endotherms to expand the limits of thermoneutrality. Thermolability is likely to be more common in the tropics and subtropics, where species live within or above their thermoneutral zone. My dissertation research focused on the heterothermic-homeothermic continuum, specifically quantifying where on the continuum different species fall at certain times and why those species have evolved to be at those points. I quantified the thermal profile …
Optimizing Strategies To Hydraulically Plant Atlantic Salmon Eggs Based On Fry Dispersal Patterns, Ernest J. Atkinson
Optimizing Strategies To Hydraulically Plant Atlantic Salmon Eggs Based On Fry Dispersal Patterns, Ernest J. Atkinson
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The Gulf of Maine Distinct Population Segment of Atlantic Salmon has suffered from habitat loss and exploitation over the last century. Hatchery supplementation has prevented the extirpation of the species, but stocking methods represent tradeoffs between survival, domestication, and logistics. Egg planting, the use of eyed embryos, maximizes natural rearing opportunities which can be important for adaptation. This method, however, is logistically demanding and requires significant labor over large spatial, but short temporal, scales dictated by the ontogeny of the fish. However, the survival and dispersal behavior of Atlantic Salmon fry immediately after emergence from eggs planted in artificial nests …
Post-Harvest Treatment Effects On Physicochemical Quality Attributes Of North Atlantic Squid Doryteuthis Pealeii And Illex Illecebrosus, Caitlin M. Hillery
Post-Harvest Treatment Effects On Physicochemical Quality Attributes Of North Atlantic Squid Doryteuthis Pealeii And Illex Illecebrosus, Caitlin M. Hillery
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Doryteuthis pealeii (longfin inshore squid) and Illex illecebrosus (Northern shortfin squid) are the two most commercially important species of squid harvested in the United States. They are also the only two species of squid in the world certified sustainable by the Marine Stewardship Council. Despite their pivotal role in the U.S. seafood industry, very little research has been performed on their quality in decades. Two common methods of freezing and secondary processing applied to squid in the U.S. industry are blast-freezing either at sea or on land; and leaving the squid whole, or fully cleaning and then brining them. To …
Barriers To And Opportunities For Adoption In Maine’S Aquaculture Industry, Caitlin Cleaver
Barriers To And Opportunities For Adoption In Maine’S Aquaculture Industry, Caitlin Cleaver
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Aquaculture, or the farming of marine species, can diversify coastal economies, but development of this industry is hindered by negative perceptions or regulatory constraints. Commercial fishers are logical adopters of aquaculture, but can also mount opposition to its growth. This dissertation utilized innovation theory to understand fishers’ perceptions of and willingness to adopt aquaculture and drivers of and barriers to scallop aquaculture development in Maine (USA). Through a mail survey, lobster fishers’ perceptions of Maine’s aquaculture industry and their willingness to adopt aquaculture were assessed (Chapter 2). Individuals who were more satisfied with government management of aquaculture held more positive …
Using Reflex Actions To Predict Delayed Post-Harvest Mortality Of American Lobster (Homarus Americanus) In Maine’S Lobster Supply Chain, Cassandra Leeman
Using Reflex Actions To Predict Delayed Post-Harvest Mortality Of American Lobster (Homarus Americanus) In Maine’S Lobster Supply Chain, Cassandra Leeman
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
In live seafood industries, maintaining product quality and survivorship are critical aspects of the supply chain infrastructure. Post-harvest mortality in the American lobster (Homarus americanus) fishery can result in a significant loss in revenue for the largest single species fishery in North America. In Maine, the wholesale lobster distribution supply chain directly and indirectly supports state and local economies, providing almost $1 billion in revenue and dominates the fishery, producing 82% of the total lobster landings in the USA (Donihue, 2018; NOAA, 2021). However, at least 2% of the lobster landed in Maine die before they reach consumers, representing an …
Seabirds As Proxies For Past El Niño Events In Coastal Peru: An Archaeo-Ornithological Approach, Heather A. Landazuri
Seabirds As Proxies For Past El Niño Events In Coastal Peru: An Archaeo-Ornithological Approach, Heather A. Landazuri
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This thesis sets an initial foundation for an archaeo-ornithological approach to understanding past El Niño events on the coast of Peru and the use of avifaunal remains as proxies for ecological conditions. Although faunal remains from archaeological sites do not provide exact representations of past environmental conditions, and bird remains can be especially challenging environmental indicators, their presence does reflect decisions made by human occupants in response to environment. Additionally, zooarchaeological data offer a reflection of past animal availability and use, much of which is at least in part determined by environmental conditions. Here I examine the extent to which …
Developing And Characterizing A Novel Tempo Cnf Hydrogel Adjuvant And Delivery System For Aquatic Vaccines, Kora Kukk
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Aquaculture is a large part of the food production sector which is greatly expanding. One of the largest losses in aquaculture is due to pathogens. Current solutions for protecting farmed finfish from pathogens can be very expensive with variable efficiency. Current disease prevention strategies include vaccination. Types of vaccines include immersion vaccines, feed vaccines, and injectable vaccines. The most popular solution is oil-based injectable vaccines due to its protection. However, the oil-based adjuvant used in most of these formulations causes adverse reactions in the fish including reduced growth. These vaccines require multiple administrations throughout the fish’s lifetime causing unwanted handling …
Weaving An Interdisciplinary Microbiome Career Using Threads From Different Ecosystems, Sarah Hosler
Weaving An Interdisciplinary Microbiome Career Using Threads From Different Ecosystems, Sarah Hosler
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Animals have trillions of microorganisms living in or on many body sites, these communities of microorganisms are called microbiomes. Microbiomes are typically host-specific, and a lot of information about the host can be determined from investigating them. Microbiome research has many real-world applications, and this thesis utilizes the One Health perspective, which acknowledges the connection of humans, animals, and environments, and emphasizes the need for collaborative, interdisciplinary research. The first interdisciplinary project is an investigation into the bacteria in wild and cultured Atlantic deep-sea scallop, Placopecten magellanicus larvae. Adults in hatcheries can be induced to spawn, but the last two …
The Effects Of Rising Ambient Temperatures On Thermoregulation And Range Shifts Of Northern Flying Squirrels, Elise K. Gudde
The Effects Of Rising Ambient Temperatures On Thermoregulation And Range Shifts Of Northern Flying Squirrels, Elise K. Gudde
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Climate change may potentially alter a species’ range distribution and thus the relationship between environmental temperatures and animal performance as a response to climate warming has become an important area of research. Two species of flying squirrel in North America, the southern flying squirrel (Glaucomys volans) and the northern flying squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus) have undergone northward range shifts, with climate warming being the suspected driver. Because they are nocturnal and tree nesting, flying squirrels may be particularly susceptible to warmer temperatures, as they will experience the highest daily ambient temperatures during their resting phase. I used G. sabrinus as a …
Rusty Blackbird Use Of Commercial Spruce-Fir Forests Of Northern New England, Luke M. Douglas
Rusty Blackbird Use Of Commercial Spruce-Fir Forests Of Northern New England, Luke M. Douglas
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The Rusty Blackbird (Euphagus carolinus) has experienced a steep population decline since the 1970s, with qualitative accounts suggesting that the species’ numbers have been falling prior to the 1950s. The reason for this decline is still not fully understood, though recent work suggests that habitat destruction and disturbance in the breeding and wintering ranges are likely causes. The species is a habitat specialist that relies on spruce-fir stands located near wetlands for breeding in the boreal and Acadian forests of North America. Historically, the natural disturbance regime in the Acadian region included biotic agents such as beaver and …
Forest Disturbance And Occupancy Patterns Of Carnivores: Results Of A Large-Scale Field Study In Maine, Usa, Bryn E. Evans
Forest Disturbance And Occupancy Patterns Of Carnivores: Results Of A Large-Scale Field Study In Maine, Usa, Bryn E. Evans
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Understanding trends in the abundance and distribution of carnivores is important at global, regional and local scales due to their ecological role, their aesthetic and economic value, and the numerous threats to their populations. Carnivores in Maine range from the American black bear (Ursus americanus), to numerous native mesocarnivore species, such as American marten (Martes americana), fisher (Pekania pennanti), coyote (Canis latrans), red fox (Vulpes vulpes), bobcat (Lynx rufus), Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis) and to two small weasel species (Mustela erminea and Neogale frenata). …
Environmental Impacts On The Reproduction Of Three Cold-Water Corals, With Implications For Their Vulnerability To Ocean Warming And Climate Change, Julia Johnstone
Environmental Impacts On The Reproduction Of Three Cold-Water Corals, With Implications For Their Vulnerability To Ocean Warming And Climate Change, Julia Johnstone
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Cold-water corals are important habitat builders in the deep ocean worldwide. Despite being known for centuries, recent technological advances and deep-sea exploration has revealed cold-water corals thriving at depths of up to 6000m. Similar to their warm-water relatives, cold-water corals are hotspots of diversity, with their structures creating habitat for thousands of associated species. Some cold-water corals create bioherms that stretch for tens of kilometers, while others come together to form vast undersea forests. These habitats are often home to commercially important fisheries species, and conservation efforts have recently begun to regulate fishing in cold-water coral ecosystems to protect them …
To Know The Land With Hands And Minds: Negotiating Agricultural Knowledge In Late-Nineteenth-Century New England And Westphalia, Justus Hillebrand
To Know The Land With Hands And Minds: Negotiating Agricultural Knowledge In Late-Nineteenth-Century New England And Westphalia, Justus Hillebrand
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Ever since the eighteenth century, experts have tried to tell farmers how to farm. The agricultural enlightenment in Europe marked the beginning of a long arc of new experts aiming to change agricultural knowledge and practice. This dissertation analyzes the pivotal period in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century in Germany and the United States when scientists, improvers, and market agents began to develop comprehensive ways to communicate agricultural innovation to farmers. In a functional approach to analyzing the negotiation of agricultural knowledge through its communication in things, words, and practices, this dissertation argues that the process of change …
Expanding Our Understanding On Feed Spoilage And Developing Novel Approaches For Its Mitigation, Marjorie A. Killerby
Expanding Our Understanding On Feed Spoilage And Developing Novel Approaches For Its Mitigation, Marjorie A. Killerby
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The main objective of this study is to improve the understanding and awareness of conserved feed spoilage and to develop novel technologies that can prevent it. In chapter 1, we conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the effects of chemical (50 articles)and biological (21 articles)preservatives on hay spoilage during storage. Multi-level linear mixed-effects modelswere fit including moderators:Preservative Class (PC), forage type (FT); moisture class (MC), and application rate (AR). Dry matter (DM) loss was affected by PC×FT (P=0.045), PC×AR (P<0.001), and PC×MC (P=0.009),relative to the overall effect of preservatives (-0.37% units). DM loss in propionic acid (PropA)-treated hay was numerically reduced to a greater extent in grasses (-16.2), followed by mixed hay (-1.76), but it was actually increased (+2.2%)in legume hay.Increasing ARof PropA resulted in decrease in DM loss (β = -1.34).Application ofBuffered Organic Acids,Other Organic Acids, PropA,and Anhydrous Ammoniadecreased visual moldiness by -22.1, -29.4, -45.5 and -12.2% units, respectively (PC; P<0.001). Sugars increased in treated grass hay (+1.9) and decreased in treated legume hay -0.8% DM, respectively (P<0.001). Microbial inoculants had small effects on hay spoilage since the overall DM loss effect size was - 0.21%. Inoculated grass hay preserved moresugars (+1.47) than treated legume hay (+0.33) relative to untreated hay (x=4.63% DM; P<0.001). In conclusion, organic acid-based preservatives effectively prevent spoilage of hay as influenced by FT, MC and AR, but microbial inoculants had only small effects. In chapter 2, we evaluated the effects of chemical and biological preservatives and ensiling stage on spoilage, ruminal in vitro fermentation, and methane production of wet brewer’s grain (WBG) silage. Treatments (TRT) were sodium lignosulfonate at10 g/kg (NaL1) and 20 g/kg (NaL2; fresh WBG), propionic acid at 5 g/kg fresh WBG (PRP, 99%), a combination inoculant (INO; Lactococcus lactisand Lactobacillus buchneri each at 4.9 log cfu/fresh WBG g), and untreated (CON). Three stages (STG) were tested:treated WBG (Fresh) was ensiled for 60 d(Ensiled), after which they were opened and aerobically exposed for 10 d (AES). Data were analyzed as a RCBD (5 blocks) with a 5 TRT × 3 STG(Fresh, Ensiled and AES) factorial arrangement. Our results show that Ensiled PRP-treated WBG markedly preserved more sugars (250) and starch (190) than all other Ensiled TRT (x=136 ± 16.2sugarsg/kg DM and x=121 ± 6.15 starch g/kg DM, respectively; P<0.001). Due to its superior nutritive value, PRP-treated AES was less aerobically stable than CON (61.9 vs. 90.1 h; P = 0.03). Preservation was not improved by INO, NaL1 or NaL2, but the latter prevented the increase of neutral detergent fiber (NDF)across STG (x=384).In vitro ruminal fermentation of Fresh WBG resulted in higher methane concentration (0.94) and yield (0.27) than theother STG (x=0.84 ± 0.07mMand x=0.23 ± 0.03mmol/g fermented OM, respectively). In conclusion, PRP was the most effective at preserving WBG during ensiling but failed to improve aerobic stability. In chapter 3, we evaluated the effects of application rate (AR) of sodium lignosulfonate (NaL) and propionic acid(PRP)on high moisture alfalfa hay spoilage during storage and its nutritive value. Treatments (TRT; NaL and PRP) were applied at four AR: 0 (CON), 2.5, 5 and 10 g/kg (fresh basis) to alfalfa hay at 68.5% DM, packed into mini balesand stored for 33 d.Data were analyzed as a RCBD(5 blocks) with a 2 TRT x 4 AR factorial arrangement. At d 33, DM losses were decreased by PRP at 5 and 10 g/kg (0.9), vs.CON (6.92) andNaL (6.63 ± 1.13%). Visual moldiness (0-10) and mold counts were also decreased by PRP at 5 (2.4 and 5.30) and 10 g/kg (0 and 2.7) relative to CON (6.0 and 7.13) and NaL (5.85 ± 0.67 and 7.21 ± 0.31 log cfu/fresh g, respectively). Both TRT increased apparent in vitroDM digestibility at all AR relative to CON (x=543 vs 501 ± 12.0g/kgof DM, respectively), but the acetate-to-propionate ratio was higher for NaL at 10 g/kg (3.02) vs. CON (2.89 ± 0.04). In conclusion, NaL failed to prevent spoilage of high moisture alfalfa hay while PRP was effective at doses >5 g/kg. Both TRT at 10 g/kg improved the rumen in vitro fermentation measures of high moisture alfalfa hay but PRP …
The Impacts Of Embryonic Arsenic Exposure Of Fundulus Heteroclitus, Torey Bowser
The Impacts Of Embryonic Arsenic Exposure Of Fundulus Heteroclitus, Torey Bowser
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Arsenic is a toxic metalloid that exceeds safe drinking water standards in groundwater in many locations worldwide. Arsenic exposure in fish has been linked to destruction of gill tissues, impairment of growth, decreased muscle mass, memory impairment, increased aggression, and avoidance behaviors. We examined the behavior of mummichogs (Fundulus heteroclitus) following arsenic exposure during development in two studies. Embryos were collected from fish from three reference sites: Scorton Creek (SC), Massachusetts, Wells Harbor (WE), Maine, and Block Island (BLOC), Rhode Island and two contaminated sites: Callahan Mine (CM), Brooksville, Maine, and New Bedford Harbor (NBH), Massachusetts. Embryos were …
The Impacts Of Climate Change On The Gulf Of Maine Northern Shrimp (Pandalus Borealis) Distribution, Reproduction, And Life, Hsiao-Yun Chang
The Impacts Of Climate Change On The Gulf Of Maine Northern Shrimp (Pandalus Borealis) Distribution, Reproduction, And Life, Hsiao-Yun Chang
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The Gulf of Maine northern shrimp (Pandalus borealis) once supported a significant winter fishery for the Gulf of Maine (GOM). Although the shrimp fishery is not comparable to the lobster business, it provided fishermen and many coastal communities jobs and incomes in winters after lobster seasons. However, a moratorium has been put on the shrimp fishery since 2014 due to record low population abundance and perceived recruitment failures. The recruitment failures have been correlated with warming water temperatures over the past decade. The GOM has been recognized as experiencing rapid warming as a result of global climate change. …
Moving Towards The Science-Based Fisheries Management (Sbfm) In China, Shu Su
Moving Towards The Science-Based Fisheries Management (Sbfm) In China, Shu Su
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Sustainable fisheries management requires decisions to be made based on sound science. To help ensure this, a Science-Based Fisheries Management (SBFM) system should be established to produce the best available science (BAS) and to ensure that the BAS forms the basis of decision-making. The goal of this dissertation is to look at how China, the world’s largest marine fisheries country, might build an effective SBFM system to enable its marine fisheries to attain sustainability. Studies were conducted to answer the following guiding questions: 1) what is SBFM? 2) why is it necessary for China to deploy SBFM? 3) what are …
The Human Dimensions Of Aquaculture Development In Maine Including A Governance Perspective, Molly Frances Miller
The Human Dimensions Of Aquaculture Development In Maine Including A Governance Perspective, Molly Frances Miller
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Aquaculture is the fastest growing food production system in the world. Aquaculture growth is heavily influenced by the governance system that establishes property rights and determines the rules by which individuals and communities must follow. This dissertation focuses on the social and ecological factors that influence development of marine aquaculture, as they exist within the governance system, in Maine, USA. In Maine, the marine aquaculture industry is experiencing a period of intense growth necessitating further understanding of the factors shaping its development. Chapter 2 analyzes semi-structured key informant interviews to identify challenges and opportunities to inform sustainable industry growth. Research …
The Effect Of Bts Induced Inactivity On A Zebrafish Model Of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, Sean Driscoll
The Effect Of Bts Induced Inactivity On A Zebrafish Model Of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, Sean Driscoll
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Duchenne’s Muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a congenital disease of the muscle characterized by muscle atrophy, weakness, and a lower quality of life. Often diagnosed in children, it affects about 1 in every 5,500-7,700 males. A patient diagnosed with DMD is often told to avoid physical activities outside the required amount needed to go on with their day in order to preserve the muscle fibers and integrity. Inactivity in a healthy person leads to decreased muscle mass and increased weakening of the muscle, so we questioned if the effects may be exacerbated in a person diagnosed with DMD having already weakened …
Evaluating And Advancing Opportunities For Ecosystem Services, Increased Production, And Sustainability Of Kelp Aquaculture In The Gulf Of Maine, Gretchen Schott Grebe
Evaluating And Advancing Opportunities For Ecosystem Services, Increased Production, And Sustainability Of Kelp Aquaculture In The Gulf Of Maine, Gretchen Schott Grebe
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Commercial seaweed farming efforts are expanding worldwide. The use of new species, ecosystems, and practices present many opportunities for novel research and resource management. The purpose of this project was to evaluate and advance seaweed aquaculture practices in the Western Gulf of Maine. Saccharina latissima (sugar kelp) is the species of focus because it is currently the most farmed macroalga in the Northeastern United States. Fieldwork supporting the empirical studies was conducted January 2016 - May 2019 in Casco and Saco Bays, ME. Growth, yield, morphology, elemental and isotopic composition, and enzymatic activity of S. latissima were quantified across four …
Dietary Change Among Canis Familiaris During The Late Ceramic Period On The Maine-Maritime Peninsula: A Case Study From The Holmes Point West Site (Me 62-8), Machias Bay, Maine, Abby E. Mann
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Archaeological study of Indigenous pasts has been characterized by a focus on objects over people. This study attempts to humanize the past by illuminating human agency in the human-dog relationship through a case study of dog health and diet during the Late Ceramic period (ca. 950 – 450 BP) in the Maine-Maritime Peninsula region. To circumvent the cycle of western knowledge building and marginalization of Indigenous communities, past Wabanaki people and their relationships with dogs are positioned at the center of research questions presented here. Few studies in the Northeast have analyzed dog remains from the Ceramic period (ca. 3050 …
A Bioeconomic Analysis Of Sea Scallop (Placopecten Magellanicus) Aquaculture In The Gulf Of Maine, Struan Coleman
A Bioeconomic Analysis Of Sea Scallop (Placopecten Magellanicus) Aquaculture In The Gulf Of Maine, Struan Coleman
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Aquaculture is the fastest growing food production sector in the world. In the Northwest Atlantic, interest in Sea Scallop (Placopecten magellanicus) (hereafter scallop) aquaculture has grown rapidly in the last decade. In the U.S., scallops support a ~$1 billion USD industry with nearly $500 million coming from imports. By comparison, the U.S. exports only ~$139 million USD of scallops annually. This substantial trade imbalance and strong domestic demand has created an opportunity for a farmed product to capture a share of the market. However, technical, regulatory, and, perhaps most importantly, economic challenges have stifled the growth of scallop aquaculture in …
Evaluating Lignosulfonates Potential As Legume Hay And Silage Preservatives, Angela Yenny Leon-Tinoco
Evaluating Lignosulfonates Potential As Legume Hay And Silage Preservatives, Angela Yenny Leon-Tinoco
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The aim was to screen and optimize low-cost lignosulfonates (LST) as legume silage and hay preservatives to decrease losses of DM and nutritive value due to spoilage. In experiment 1, we evaluated the effects of untreated silage (0%), sodium lignosulfonate (NaL) and magnesium lignosulfonate (MgL) applied independently at 0.5, 1, and 1.5 (% w/w, fresh basis) and INO (Pediococcus pentosaceus and Lactobacillus plantarum; 5 and 4 log cfu/fresh alfalfa g, on high moisture alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) silage nutrient preservation. Data were analyzed as a randomized complete block design (RCBD; 5 blocks) and linear and quadratic polynomial contrasts were used …
Sustainable Production Of Feed For Recirculating Aquaculture Using Black Solider Flies And Microalgae, Patrick Erbland
Sustainable Production Of Feed For Recirculating Aquaculture Using Black Solider Flies And Microalgae, Patrick Erbland
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The demand for high-quality, nutritious food continues to increase as human populations grow. As wild fisheries are depleted, aquaculture production is growing to meet the demand for seafood. Sustainable alternatives to wild caught fish meal are increasingly valued for aquaculture feed production. Microalgae and insect larvae are both valuable sources of fatty acids in aquaculture feed. Black soldier fly larvae, Hermetia illucens (L.) are used to convert organic waste streams into insect-based animal feeds. We tested their ability to retain alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) from feeding substrates, which has important implications for their use …
Holistic Monitoring Of Maine Sea Lice (Lepeoptheirus Salmonis, Kroyer, 1837) Sensitivities To Therapies: Developing A Novel Assay To Examine Lice Behavior, Kathryn Liberman
Holistic Monitoring Of Maine Sea Lice (Lepeoptheirus Salmonis, Kroyer, 1837) Sensitivities To Therapies: Developing A Novel Assay To Examine Lice Behavior, Kathryn Liberman
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Sea lice (Lepeoptheirus salmonis) present significant economic and animal welfare challenges to salmon aquaculture globally. Chemical delousing agents are used in many countries, with each nation eventually reporting sea lice developing reduced sensitivities to treatments. While some countries have in place sea lice sensitivity monitoring programs, that is not the case in Maine, USA. Although chemical delousing agents are not currently used in Maine, they have been used in the past and are currently used in neighboring Canadian salmon farms. Different bay management areas (BMAs) were sampled during different seasons to determine if there is a seasonal or spatial component …