Animal Sciences Commons^™

Front Matter, Elephant Editors

Elephant

No abstract provided.

A Development Plan For The South Coast Inshore Trawl Fishery, Fisheries Department Of Western Australia

Fisheries management papers

In March 1986 discussions were commenced between officers of the Fisheries Department and the Australian Fisheries Service concerning management measures for trawl fishery in the Great Australian Bight. These measures were considered necessary as a Western Australian Company (Toskel Fishing Co.) had commenced fishing the area. Given the excess fishing capacity in other Australian trawl fisheries it was considered advisable to institute management at an early stage and control development of this deep water fishery. Concurrent with these developments, mainly directed towards the control of larger trawlers in deeper waters, several small Western Australian trawlers operating out of Esperance and …

Lake Mead Prefertilization Study: Preliminary Nutrient Enhancement Studies In Lake Mead, Richard P. Axler, Larry J. Paulson, Patrick J. Sollberger, Donald H. Baepler, U.S. Bureau Of Reclamation

Publications (WR)

Studies conducted by the University of Nevada-Las Vegas (UNLV), the Nevada Department of Wildlife (NDOW), the Arizona Game and Fish Department (AGFD), The Nevada Division of Environmental Protection (NDEP), and the United States Bureau of Reclamation (USBR) have identified decreased algal production as a major factor involved in the decline of the Lake Mead sport fishery. Phosphorus-laden silt particles in the Colorado River have been sedimenting out in Lake Powell since the completion of Glen Canyon Dam 286 miles upstream in 1963. This sharp decrease in phosphorus loading to Lake Mead (>5000 tons per year) has resulted in decreased …

Thermal Tolerances And Preferences Of Fishes Of The Virgin River System (Utah, Arizona, Nevada), James E. Deacon, Paul B. Schumann, Edward L. Stuenkel

Publications (WR)

Critical thermal maxima (CTM) and thermal preferenda of the common fishes of the Virgin River were examined. Differences in final temperature preferenda and CTM for species with low thermal lability (speckled dace, spinedace, roundtail chub) correspond well with differences in their distribution and abundance in the river. These species shifted their acute thermal preferences relatively little as acclimation temperature increased. For thermally labile species (woundfin, red shiner, desert sucker, and fiannehnouth sucker), the final preferendum is a less precise indicator of probable distribution. The woundfin, an endangered fish, has a high CTM (39.5 C at 25 C acclimation) and a …

Use Of Woody Vegetation By Beavers In Southeastern Virginia, John L. Echternach, Robert K. Rose

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Nonbreeding and sometimes transient beavers, Castor canadensis, cut a variety of woody plants throughout the year during a 15-month study at three sites in southeastern Virginia. Ten species of trees were cut in proportions greater than would be expected according to their availabilities. Beavers heavily used viburnum, alder, ironwood, bayberry, tulip poplar, and dogwood. Winter food caches were constructed but were only lightly used.

Report Of The Rock Lobster Industry Advisory Committee To The Hon. Minister For Fisheries., Rock Lobster Industry Advisory Committee

Fisheries management papers

The Committee recognises that the exploitation rate on the rock lobster stocks is very high and that this factor is a major importance in formulating the advice on management measures. However, the Committee also recognises the high level of capital investment in the industry and that any recommendation which leads to a significant change in the management rules is likely to have a far reaching effect on many of the participants. Accordingly, the Committee endeavours to reduce to a minimum the year to year changes in the management rules. When changes are required the Committee places considerable weight on matters …

Benthic Invertebrates And Crayfish Of Lake Mead, Susan K. Peck, William L. Pratt, James E. Pollard, Larry J. Paulson, Donald H. Baepler

Publications (WR)

The objectives of this study were to:

1. Establish baseline densities of benthic invertebrates and relative abundance of crayfish in Lake Mead.

2. Evaluate the distributions of benthic organisms and crayfish in relation to existing habitat conditions and 1imnological characteristics of Lake Mead.

3. Measure seasonal changes in abundances of benthic organisms and crayfish in Lake Mead.

4. Compare observations of Procambarus clarkii life history in Lake Mead to reports from other aquatic systems.

5. Evaluate the importance of benthic organisms and crayfish as food sources for game fish in Lake Mead.

Further Options For Management Of The Shark Bay Snapper Fishery : Discussion Paper., P. Millington

Fisheries management papers

A limited entry fishing regime for snapper was introduced in Shark Bay in order to constrain growth in fishing effort. Additional measures were introduced to reduce the number of vessels in the fishery, control areas fished and limit permitted fishing gear, with the ultimate objective of reducing catches from traditional fishing areas to long term sustainable levels.

Karyotypic Analysis Of Five Rodents And A Marsupial From Belize, Central America, David W. Burton, John W. Bickham, Hugh H. Genoways, Timothy J. Mccarthy

University of Nebraska State Museum: Mammalogy Papers

Karyotypes and chromosomal banding patterns of six species of small mammals from Belize are presented and discussed in light of relevant data in the literature. Individuals of Heteromys desmarestianus had FN values of 72, which differs from previous reports. G-bands were obtained and compared to fluorescent bands (DAPI) and with the location of NOR sites. The karyotypes of Peromyscus mexicanus, Sigmodon hispidus, Oryzomys couesi, and Ototylomys phyllotis are identical to the karyotypes for these species described in the literature. Active NORs were located on four pairs of chromosomes in O. phyllotis and fluorescent bands obtained with the …

Behavioral Feeding Specialization In Pinaroloxias Inornata, The “Darwin's Finch” Of Cocos Island, Costa Rica, Tracey K. Werner, Thomas W. Sherry

Dartmouth Scholarship

As a population, Cocos Finches exhibit a broad range of feeding behaviors spanning those of several families of birds on the mainland, while individuals feed as specialists year-round. Although this extreme intraspecific variability occurs as predicted in a tropical oceanic island environment, these specializations challenge contemporary ecological theory in that they are not attributable to individual differences in age, sex, gross morphology, or opportunistic exploitation of patchy resources. Instead, they appear to originate and be maintained behaviorally, possibly via observational learning. This phenomenon adds another direction to the evolutionary radiation of the Darwin's Finches and underscores the necessity for detailed …

Western Rock Lobster Industry Compensation Study. Report To The Rock Lobster Industry Advisory Committee By Arthur Young Services., Arthur Young Services

Fisheries management papers

Terms of reference are outlined in letter dated 11 August 1986. The Fisheries Department seeks to reduce western rock lobster fishing capacity to ensure the long-term viability of the fishery and has asked us to evaluate the financial implications of a number of specific resource management proposals.

Report Of The Rock Lobster Industry Advisory Committee Meeting Of 27 January 1987 - Report By The Chairman Mr. B.K. Bowen., B. K. Bowen

Fisheries management papers

The Rock Lobster Industry Advisory Committee met in Perth on Tuesday 17 January 1987. Committee discussed the following: Policy on 5% pot loss on replacement of vessels less than six years old. Study of industry funded compensation mechanism for fishing capacity reductions. 20 Fathom rule. Future maintenance of the zone E boundary. The recreational Rock Lobster Fishery. Rock Lobster pot distribution. Options for a 10 per cent reduction in fishing effort. 1987 coastal tour. Augusta-Windy Harbour Rock Lobster Working Group. Report on the 1986/87 season.

Morphological Variation, Karyology, And Systematic Relationships Of Heteromys Gaumeri (Rodentia: Heteromyidae), Mark D. Engstrom, Hugh H. Genoways, Priscilla K. Tucker

University of Nebraska State Museum: Mammalogy Papers

Morphological variation was assessed within and among populations of Heteromys gaumeri using univariate and multivariate statistical analyses of external and cranial measurements. Although patterns and amount of nongeographic variation in H. gaumeri were similar to other heteromyines, geographic variation was relatively conservative. Mean values of most characters were statistically homogeneous among localities and spatially unpatterned. Consequently, no association was found between levels of within- and among-sample variation for individual characters (the "Kluge-Kerfoot phenomenon"). Populations of H. gaumeri were chromosomally monomorphic. The lack of morphological and chromosomal variation in H. gaumeri contrasts sharply with patterns in other heteromyines. Heteromys gaumeri is …

Thermal Constraints On Foraging Activity Of Adult Starlings, Larry Clark

Larry Clark

The operative temperature of the environment was estimated for starlings using hollow, unheated taxidermic mounts. On average, adults foraging in full sun were characterized by shorter foraging bouts than those adults foraging in full shade. Simultaneous observations of air temperature, operative temperature, and the foraging duration of adults indicated that air temperature was a poor predictor of the maximum length of a foraging bout. The operative temperature of the environment was not correlated to the maximum and mean length of foraging bouts for temperatures below 31.5 ~ C, but was negatively related to maximum and mean foraging duration for values …

Olfactory Discrimination Of Plant Volatiles By The European Starling, Larry Clark, J Russell Mason

Larry Clark

Passerine species that re-use nest sites often incorporate fresh green vegetation into their nests, a behaviour consistent with the possibility that some birds may use chemical properties of plants to counteract the selective potential of parasites and pathogens. We tested adult starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) for their physiological capacity and behavioural ability to detect and discriminate between volatiles emitted from plant material. Multi-unit electrophysiological recordings from olfactory nerves of adults indicated that strong responses were reliably elicited by volatiles from six plant species. After pairings of plant volatiles with gastro-intestinal malaise, birds exhibited conditioned avoidance in behavioural experiments, and made all …

The Identification Of The Threatened Southeastern Shrew Using Multivariate Statistical Techniques, Thomas M. Padgett, Roger K. Everton, Robert K. Rose

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

The threatened subspecies of the southeastern shrew, Sorex longirostris fisheri, is endemic to the Great Dismal Swamp of southeastern Virginia. Previous studies based on discriminant analysis of external measurements determined that intergrades with the upland form, Sorex l. longirostris, exist along the periphery of the Swamp. To better discriminate among these populations, a study of cranial morphology was initiated. Fifteen cranial measurements were taken, using 59 specimens of Sorex collected previously form southeastern Virginia, including the Dismal Swamp. Both Principal Component and Cluster Analyses revealed no significant cranial variation or morphometric patterns within the specimens examined, but a …

Distribution And Current Status Of The Threatened Dismal Swamp Southeastern Shrew, Sorex Longirostris Fisheri, Robert K. Rose, Roger K. Everton, Thomas M. Padgett

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

The Dismal Swamp southeastern shrew, Sorex longirostris fisheri, was given "Threatened" status by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in 1986 because of its limited distribution and the potential threat of interbreeding with the nearby upland subspecies, Sorex l. longirostris. Known from about 20 specimens collected before 1980 and a few dozen taken since then, "fisheri" seems to have morphologically diverged from the smaller upland "longirostris" in association with the development of the Dismal Swamp. The detection of southeastern shrews that are intermediate in size between the two subspecies, coupled with the location of these collection sites on …

Degree Of Behavioral Neoteny Differentiates Canid Polymorphs, R Coppinger, J. Glendinning, E. Torop, C. Matthay, M. Sutherland, C. Smith

Charles Kay Smith

As with juvenile wolves or coyotes, adult livestock conducting dogs displayed the first-half segment of a functional predatory system of motor patterns and did not express play or social bonding toward sheep; whereas, like wolf or coyote pups, adult livestock protecting dogs displayed sequences of mixed social, submissive, play and investigatory motor patterns and rarely expressed during ontogeny (even when fully adult) predatory behaviors. The most parsimonious explanation of our findings is that behavioral differences in the two types of livestock dogs are a case of selected differential retardation (neoteny) of ancestral motor pattern development.