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Pesticide Use On Crops In Nebraska - 1987, Maurice Baker, Nancy Peterson, Shripat T. Kamble

Historical Research Bulletins of the Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station

This is the third and most comprehensive study of pesticide use on crops in Nebraska. The first was completed in 1978 and the second one in 1982. The first study indicated that approximately 25 million pounds (11.34 million kg) of active ingredients were used on the major crops in Nebraska. This increased to approximately 30.2 million pounds (13.7 million kg) in 1982. The USDA requires accurate information to meet their responsibilities. Thus, this survey was undertaken to determine: 1) the use of pesticides on crops, pasture and rangeland and 2) to identify pest management practices.

Annual Statice In Nebraska, Ellen T. Paparozzi

Historical Research Bulletins of the Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station

Annual statice can be successfully grown, harvested, and preserved under Nebraska's climatic conditions. Start plants from seed nine weeks before they are field or garden planted. The earlier in the season that planting occurs, the greater the yield. Apply fertilizer before and after planting. Herbicides are recommended to eliminate hand weeding and allow maximum yield. Flowers should be harvested when all florets are fully open and can be used fresh, or dry stored at 2C (36F). Statice can also be preserved by drying or soaking fresh cut stems in 1:2 or 1:3 glycerine to water solution for 48 hours and …

Differential Plant Injury And Yield Responses Of Tomato Varieties To 2,4-D, D. P. Coyne, O. C. Burnside

Historical Research Bulletins of the Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station

Experiments reported in this bulletin were conducted to determine the extent of plant injury and yield loss due to high and low rates of 2,4-D sprays on a wide range of home garden and processing tomato varieties. Results of this study could be used as a basis for suggesting tomato varieties suitable for growing in areas where 2,4-D drift is a common problem. An experiment was also conducted to determine if there was resistance to or good recovery from 2,4-D injury in other tomato species and in a wide collection of tomato plant introductions.

Rate Of Potato Tuber Growth On Dryland At The Box Butte Experiment Farm, H. O. Werner

Historical Research Bulletins of the Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station

Relatively late planting of potatoes, i.e., between June 12 and 25, has become the prevailing practice in the dryland areas of western Nebraska. Late planting distinctly improves the color and type of tubers, and reduces losses due to insects and diseases (especially soil-borne diseases caused by Fusarium and Streptomyces). Growers must decide each year whether the increase in yield and tuber maturity gained by delaying harvest will be offset by the risk of impaired tuber quality due to scab or possible serious field frost damage. Information about the rate at which tubers are developing by various dates is essential …

Influence Of Atmospheric And Soil Moisture Conditions On Diurnal Variations In Relative Turgidity Of Potato Leaves, H. O. Werner

Historical Research Bulletins of the Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station

The experimental work reported herein was planned to determine: 1. The extent and nature of the changes of the relative turgidity (R.T.) of leaves of the potato plant during the diurnal cycle. 2. The extent to which R.T. of potato leaves is influenced by atmospheric conditions, soil moisture, variety and age of plants. 3. The extent to which visible evidence of water shortage in leaves is indicative of water loss from them as revealed by R.T. and the extent to which this relationship varies with different varieties. 4. The nature of the relationships between morphological characteristics of leaves and stems …

Reduced Ascorbic Acid Content Of Potatoes Grown With And Without Straw Mulching And Irrigation In Eastern Nebraska, H. O. Werner, Ruth M. Leverton, Mary R. Gram

Historical Research Bulletins of the Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station

Potatoes harvested from home gardens and in commercial early-producing fields in the Midwest are an important low-cost source of ascorbic acid from late June into September. The major portion of the early commercial crop in Nebraska (harvested mostly in August) is produced with irrigation. Straw or litter mulching is a well established practice in the nonirrigated garden and farm potato patches. The value of these cultural methods for increasing yield is well known, but prior to this study little was known about their influence on the ascorbic acid content of the tubers, or about the persistence of any such influence …

Effect Of Storage Temperatures On Triumph Seed Potatoes Used For The Early Crop In The South And In Central Nebraska, H. O. Werner

Historical Research Bulletins of the Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station

During the decade 1931-1940 it became increasingly apparent that some factor (or factors) besides disease was responsible for much of the variation in yields produced by lots of certified seed potatoes planted in commercial fields and comparative trial plots in the South during midwinter. This bulletin reports investigations into the method of storing western Nebraska seed potatoes as a means of improving the production of the early crop of Triumphs in the Gulf Coast States.

Pink Rot Of Potatoes Caused By Phytophthora Erythroseptica Pethyb., R. W. Goss

Historical Research Bulletins of the Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station

During the summer of 1943 reports were received of rotted tubers occurring in fields of early potatoes in central Nebraska. An estimated 10 per cent of the tubers were found rotted in some fields on August 5. In November and December of the same year the late-producing area of western Nebraska reported the occurrence, at harvest and in storage, of tuber rots differing from those previously recorded for that area. Specimens appeared similar to those observed during the summer in central Nebraska. Isolations were made and pathogenicity tests were conducted both on tubers and growing plants to study the influence …

Effect Of Position Within A Large Storage Bin Upon Midwinter Behavior Of Nebraska Triumph Seed Potatoes, H. O. Werner

Historical Research Bulletins of the Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station

Much variation in time of emergence of plants has been observed within lots of Nebraska seed potatoes planted in the South during the winter. In large storage bins in western Nebraska the end of the dormancy period of tubers in various parts of the bin, as determined by the appearance of sprouts, may vary from January to May. It has been surmised that differences in temperatures and perhaps other conditions in various parts of the bin may account for such variations. In the winter of 1941-42 an experiment was conducted to determine the extent to which the position of potatoes …

Wound Healing In Potatoes (Triumph Variety) As Influenced By Type Of Injury, Nature Of Initial Exposure, And Storage Conditions, H. O. Werner

Historical Research Bulletins of the Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station

Tubers of the Triumph variety of potatoes, the one most extensively grown in western Nebraska, are more susceptible than those of other varieties to the various types of injury that occur at harvest time. This greater susceptibility is chiefly the result of long stolons, unusual tenderness of skin, and ease with which the tubers crack. The two latter characteristics have been accentuated by the custom of late planting adopted generally throughout the region in recent years. Many of the difficulties could be avoided by growing another variety. However, as there now seems to be no other variety as well adapted …

Root Development Of Young Delicious Apple Trees As Affected By Soils And By Cultural Treatments, W. W. Yocum

Historical Research Bulletins of the Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station

The major problem of this investigation was to determine the effects of different cultural treatments and soil conditions upon the depth and lateral spread of the root systems of young Delicious apple trees during the first three years in the orchard. This study was conducted during the years 1932 to 1934 inclusive.

The Influence Of Various Soil Factors Upon Potato Scab Caused By Actinomyces Scabies, R. W. Goss

Historical Research Bulletins of the Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station

Scab, caused by Actinomyces scabies (Thaxt.) Giiss., is a potato disease of major importance in western Nebraska. Seed treatments are effective in controlling seed-borne scab, but it has been shown that even when healthy or treated seed potatoes are used the disease may be very severe because of infection from the soil. Crop rotation will reduce the incidence of the disease, but the fact that potato scab may cause serious loss in soils never before planted to potatoes indicates that there are numerous factors other than the time interval between potato crops which affect the occurrence of the disease. A …

Cellar And Cold Storage Of Sound And Mechanically Damaged Triumph Seed Potatoes, H. O. Werner

Historical Research Bulletins of the Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station

The object of these experiments was to determine with practically sound, whole potatoes the effect of cold storage during various portions of the storage period and continual cellar storage upon: (a) the weight losses during numerous intervals of storage period; (b) the condition of the potatoes at the end of the storage period in June; and (c) the relative seed value of the various lots of potatoes as determined by field experiments.

The Effect Of A Controlled Nitrogen Supply With Different Temperatures And Photoperiods Upon The Development Of The Potato Plant, H. O. Werner

Historical Research Bulletins of the Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station

The potato (Solanum tuberosum Linn.) is grown under a great variety of conditions with regard to temperature, length of day, intensity and character of light, texture, fertility, and moisture of soil, and atmospheric humidity. There is need for a better understanding concerning the internal response of the potato plant to these external conditions when they are applied, either singly or in combination with each other, and the resulting morphological response, especially with regard to the tuberization process. It has been the object of this investigation to determine the relation of the nitrogen supply to the processes of stolon and …

Tuber Development In Triumph Potatoes As Influenced By Time Of Planting On Dry Land In Northwestern Nebraska, H. O. Werner

Historical Research Bulletins of the Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station

Triumph potatoes were planted on four different dates during six years in order to determine the best planting date on dry land in northwestern Nebraska, where this variety is grown primarily for seed. Features considered in comparing the merits of these planting dates were: stand of plants; vine growth; disease prevalence; time of plant maturity; number, size, and shape of tubers; cracking at harvest time; prevalence and severity of common scab; total yields and yields of various grades of potatoes from various harvesting dates; weight loss in storage; and duration of the dormant period. The experimental aspects dealing with the …

The Effect Of Maturity And The Ethylene Chlorhydrin Seed Treatment On The Dormancy Of Triumph Potatoes, H. O. Werner

Historical Research Bulletins of the Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station

Western Nebraska dry-land Triumph potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) vary in maturity at the time of harvest, from some that are very immature to others with vines which are entirely ripe. Variations in maturity may be due to such factors as early frost, drouth, destruction of vines by hail or early blight, time of planting, and strain type (whether early or late maturing). The question of seed maturity and its influence upon duration of the dormant period is of considerable commercial importance, since these potatoes are annually being planted in south Texas as early as December 26 and in southern …

The Symptoms Of Spindle Tuber And Unmottled Curly Dwarf Of The Potato, R. W. Goss

Historical Research Bulletins of the Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station

The differentiation of the virus diseases of the potato on the basis of symptoms is an important but difficult phase of the virus problem. A knowledge of the variation in symptoms due to environmental factors is necessary both in investigational work and in the practical application of our knowledge to the control of these diseases in the field. A fairly comprehensive knowledge of the masking effect of certain environmental factors upon the symptoms of the mosaic group has been obtained through the work of various investigators. Considerably less information is available concerning the effect of environment upon the symptoms of …

Effect Of Cultural Methods And Maturity Upon The Seed Value Of Eastern Nebraska Potatoes, H. O. Werner

Historical Research Bulletins of the Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station

Seed potatoes as good as northern stocks have been produced under a straw mulch in eastern Nebraska by experimenters and growers. Occasionally reports are heard that a lot of seed potatoes has been grown in eastern Nebraska by ordinary cultural methods for many years, apparently without loss of vigor or yielding capacity. In view of this situation it seemed advisable to investigate this problem to determine whether, and to what extent, environment and maturity as such influence the productivity of seed potatoes and also whether it is feasible to produce satisfactory seed potatoes in the southern and eastern portions of …

Seed Potato Treatment Tests For Control Of Scab And Rhizoctonia, R. W. Goss, H. O. Werner

Historical Research Bulletins of the Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station

Potato scab annually takes a very large toll from the potato growers of Nebraska. Rhizoctonia causes considerable loss each year, particularly in the early-potato sections, where it decreases stand and yield. These losses are caused by infection from both the soil and the seed. The investigations reported in this paper deal only with the control of the infection arising from the seed. Even though potato seed treatments have been recommended for many years, the diversity of recommendations being made at present by various agencies is very confusing to the grower and research worker alike. Many of the reports from different …

The Spindle-Tuber Disease As A Factor In Seed Potato Production, H. O. Werner

Historical Research Bulletins of the Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station

The lines of experimentation that supplied the data herein reported, stated in very general terms, were as follows: (1) Tuber-line selection studies (2) Relation of environmental conditions to seed-potato production (3) Seed-potato strain trials of certified and uncertified stock (4) Spindle-tuber transmission experiments. Most of these general lines of experimentation will not be completely discussed as a unit in any one part of the bulletin. For the sake of clarity, consecutive thought, and elimination of repetition, data will be selected from any experiment for insertion and discussion under the most logical heading in any part of the bulletin. Unless otherwise …

Further Studies On The Effect Of Environment On Potato Degeneration Diseases, R. W. Goss, George L. Peltier

Historical Research Bulletins of the Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station

The identification of potato degeneration diseases in the field is extremely difficult owing to the number of diseases now described, their manifestation on different varieties, the combination of several diseases on the same plant, and the further splitting up of these combinations into separate diseases. The influence of environmental factors in intensifying or inhibiting the symptoms of these diseases also increases the difficulty of diagnosis. In the present investigation the effect of environmental factors has been studied with the purpose of determining the limiting factor or factors in the masking of the symptoms, in the hopes of simplifying a complex …

Seed Potato Investigations, H. O. Werner, R. F. Howard

Historical Research Bulletins of the Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station

The objects of the investigations reported in this bulletin were:

• To determine the condition of western Nebraska seed stock by the tuber unit method and by comparative trials in western Nebraska and various other points.
• To determine the effect of culture, place, disease, etc., upon seed value.
• To perfect methods of applying results to seed production in western Nebraska.

Spraying Experiments In Nebraska, J. Ralph Cooper

Historical Research Bulletins of the Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station

The more important questions which were considered during the three years covered by the present report were as follows: 1. How many summer sprays are required and when should they be applied? 2. What is the difference in efficiency between various brands of arsenate of lead? 3. What are the relative values of lime sulphur and Bordeaux as fungicides for spraying apples? 4. Is it possible to lessen or prevent Bordeaux injury and at the same time control fungous diseases? 5. Is it possible to interchange Bordeaux and lime sulphur in a spray schedule in such a manner as to …

A Genetic Study Of Plant Height In Phaseolus Vulgaris, R. A. Emerson

Historical Research Bulletins of the Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station

When pole and bush beans are crossed, 3:1 segregation results whether the pole bean is very tall or only medium in height and whether the bush bean is very short or relatively tall. To determine the interrelation of these two types of behavior by an analysis of the factors concerned in height of plants in beans and by a study of their mode of inheritance was the object of the investigations reported here.