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Articles 1 - 30 of 79
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Histomorphological Evaluation Of Osteoreplacement With Germanium-Doped Calcium Phosphate Ceramics For Model Bone Defects In Rabbits, Tetiana Todosiuk, Mykhailo Rublenko, Valeriy Chemerovskiy, Nataliia Ulianchych, Volodymyr Kolomiiets
Histomorphological Evaluation Of Osteoreplacement With Germanium-Doped Calcium Phosphate Ceramics For Model Bone Defects In Rabbits, Tetiana Todosiuk, Mykhailo Rublenko, Valeriy Chemerovskiy, Nataliia Ulianchych, Volodymyr Kolomiiets
Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences
To give calcium phosphate ceramics osteoinductive properties, they are doped with silicon, germanium, zinc, and magnesium ions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of doped and undoped calcium phosphate ceramics on reparative osteogenesis in rabbits. Twenty-four California white rabbits, aged 3 months and weighing 2.5 kg each, were used for the study. The rabbits were divided equally into experimental (n=12) and control (n=12) groups. In the experimental group, defects were replaced with granules of germanium-doped hydroxyapatite ceramics (HA/β-TCP/l-Ge–700), while in the control group, defects were filled with granules of unalloyed ceramics (HA/β-TCP–700). Subsequently, clinical and histological …
Identification And Characterization Of Two Novel Kcnh2 Mutations Contributing To Long Qt Syndrome, Anthony Owusu-Mensah, Jacqueline Treat, Joyce Bernardi, Ryan Pfeiffer, Robert Goodrow, Bright Tsevi, Victoria Lam, Michel Audette, Jonathan M. Cordeiro, Makarand Deo
Identification And Characterization Of Two Novel Kcnh2 Mutations Contributing To Long Qt Syndrome, Anthony Owusu-Mensah, Jacqueline Treat, Joyce Bernardi, Ryan Pfeiffer, Robert Goodrow, Bright Tsevi, Victoria Lam, Michel Audette, Jonathan M. Cordeiro, Makarand Deo
Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications
We identified two different inherited mutations in KCNH2 gene, or human ether-a-go-go related gene (hERG), which are linked to Long QT Syndrome. The first mutation was in a 1-day-old infant, whereas the second was in a 14-year-old girl. The two KCNH2 mutations were transiently transfected into either human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells or human induced pluripotent stem-cell derived cardiomyocytes. We performed associated multiscale computer simulations to elucidate the arrhythmogenic potentials of the KCNH2 mutations. Genetic screening of the first and second index patients revealed a heterozygous missense mutation in KCNH2, resulting in an amino acid change (P632L) in the …
Neutralizing Antibodies Against Ebv Gp42 Show Potent In Vivo Protection And Define Novel Epitopes, Qian Wu, Ling Zhong, Dongmei Wei, Wanlin Zhang, Junping Hong, Yinfeng Kang, Kaiyun Chen, Yang Huang, Qingbing Zheng, Miao Xu, Mu-Sheng Zeng, Yi-Xin Zeng, Ningshao Xia, Qinjian Zhao, Claude Krummenacher, Yixin Chen, Xiao Zhang
Neutralizing Antibodies Against Ebv Gp42 Show Potent In Vivo Protection And Define Novel Epitopes, Qian Wu, Ling Zhong, Dongmei Wei, Wanlin Zhang, Junping Hong, Yinfeng Kang, Kaiyun Chen, Yang Huang, Qingbing Zheng, Miao Xu, Mu-Sheng Zeng, Yi-Xin Zeng, Ningshao Xia, Qinjian Zhao, Claude Krummenacher, Yixin Chen, Xiao Zhang
Faculty Scholarship for the College of Science & Mathematics
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is the first reported human oncogenic virus and infects more than 95% of the human population worldwide. EBV latent infection in B lymphocytes is essential for viral persistence. Glycoprotein gp42 is an indispensable member of the triggering complex for EBV entry into B cells. The C-type lectin domain (CTLD) of gp42 plays a key role in receptor binding and is the major target of neutralizing antibodies. Here, we isolated two rabbit antibodies, 1A7 and 6G7, targeting gp42 CTLD with potent neutralizing activity against B cell infection. Antibody 6G7 efficiently protects humanized mice from lethal EBV challenge and …
Triazole Fungicide Prosaro Ec 250 - Induced Hematologicaland Biochemical Alterations In Male Rabbits (Oryctolagus Cuniculus), Debabsa Rafika, Khaldi Fadila, Grara Nedjoud, Bouzahouane Hana, Guezgouz Noureddine, Gheid Abdelhak
Triazole Fungicide Prosaro Ec 250 - Induced Hematologicaland Biochemical Alterations In Male Rabbits (Oryctolagus Cuniculus), Debabsa Rafika, Khaldi Fadila, Grara Nedjoud, Bouzahouane Hana, Guezgouz Noureddine, Gheid Abdelhak
Journal of Bioresource Management
The study aimed to evaluate the toxic effects of fungicide Prosaro 250 EC on hematological profiles and renal functional-biochemical markers, as well as blood glucose level .Twenty-four male rabbits were equally and randomly divided into control untreated group (G1) (n =6) received distilled water and standard food, and three treated groups (n=6 each) received by oral gavage Prosaro 250 EC at three doses (mg/kg body weight (bw)), 0.093 (G2), 0.186 (G3) and 0.465 mg/kg bw (G4) for 21 days .Results revealed a significant decrease in the kidney weight, and a significant increase in the levels of serum urea, uric acid, …
The Guatemala Rabbit Project: A Household Agricultural Intervention Program Evaluation Using The Re-Aim Framework, Jessica Martin Graves
The Guatemala Rabbit Project: A Household Agricultural Intervention Program Evaluation Using The Re-Aim Framework, Jessica Martin Graves
Theses and Dissertations
Amongst the breathtaking and mountainous landscapes of the Western Highlands is a highly indigenous Mayan population stricken with challenges of food insecurity and extreme poverty. Despite efforts by governmental and non-governmental organizations alike to combat these challenges, the results of chronic malnutrition have led to some of the highest child stunting rates in all of Guatemala, particularly in the department of Totonicapán, where this study took place. To date, information is limited regarding agricultural programs that utilize the rabbit as a model to reduce food insecurity in Guatemala. Thus, a novel agricultural education program, Guatemala Rabbit Project (GRP), was developed …
Pulmonary Capillary Recruitment And Distention In Mammalian Lungs: Species Similarities, David Langleben, Benjamin D. Fox, Stylianos E. Orfanos, Michele Giovinazzo, John D. Catravas
Pulmonary Capillary Recruitment And Distention In Mammalian Lungs: Species Similarities, David Langleben, Benjamin D. Fox, Stylianos E. Orfanos, Michele Giovinazzo, John D. Catravas
Bioelectrics Publications
Pulmonary arterial pressure rises minimally during exercise. The pulmonary microcirculation accommodates increasing blood flow via recruitment of pulmonary capillaries and, at higher flows, by distention of already perfused capillaries. The flow transition range between recruitment and distention has not been studied or compared across mammalian species, including humans. We hypothesised that the range would be similar. Functional pulmonary capillary surface area (FCSA) can be estimated using validated metabolic techniques. We reviewed data from previous studies in three mammalian species (perfused rabbit lungs and dog lung lobes, and exercising humans) and generated blood flow-FCSA curves over a range of flows. We …
Corneal Nonmyelinating Schwann Cells Illuminated By Single-Cell Transcriptomics And Visualized By Protein Biomarkers., Paola Bargagna-Mohan, Gwendolyn Schultz, Bruce Rheaume, Ephraim F Trakhtenberg, Paul Robson, Sonali Pal-Ghosh, Mary Ann Stepp, Katherine S Given, Wendy B Macklin, Royce Mohan
Corneal Nonmyelinating Schwann Cells Illuminated By Single-Cell Transcriptomics And Visualized By Protein Biomarkers., Paola Bargagna-Mohan, Gwendolyn Schultz, Bruce Rheaume, Ephraim F Trakhtenberg, Paul Robson, Sonali Pal-Ghosh, Mary Ann Stepp, Katherine S Given, Wendy B Macklin, Royce Mohan
Anatomy and Regenerative Biology Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Nutrition Guide For Rabbits, Amanda Pratt, Melanie Stock, Jessie Hadfield
Nutrition Guide For Rabbits, Amanda Pratt, Melanie Stock, Jessie Hadfield
All Current Publications
Feeding rabbits a healthy diet is important for their long term health. This fact sheet provides lists of appropriate food for pet rabbits, healthy portions, and foods that should be avoided. A family-friendly, visual list format is used to make this guide a straightforward reference that can be posted in the home.
The Toxic Effect Of Mobile Phone Radiation On Rabbit Organs, Shudong Zhu, Yan Zhu, Hao Li, Doudou Zhang, Dianzheng Zhang
The Toxic Effect Of Mobile Phone Radiation On Rabbit Organs, Shudong Zhu, Yan Zhu, Hao Li, Doudou Zhang, Dianzheng Zhang
PCOM Scholarly Papers
Whether electromagnetic radiation (EMR) emitted from mobile phones is hazardous to human health is largely unknown. We investigated the effects of mobile phone radiation on critical organs in a rabbit model by exposing the animals to mobile phone radiation with sub-thermal specific absorption rate (SAR) of 1.0 and 0.7 W/kg for the head and the body, respectively, for 16 weeks (6 h/day, 6 days/week). There is no apparent change at the organ level. However, H&E staining showed that radiation-exposure significantly increased inflammatory cell infiltration in the liver and the lungs with a lesser degree of myocardial cell cytoplasmic vacuolation. In …
Impacts And Management Of Invasive Burrowing Herbivores In Grasslands, Peter J. S. Fleming, Limin Hua, Desley Whisson
Impacts And Management Of Invasive Burrowing Herbivores In Grasslands, Peter J. S. Fleming, Limin Hua, Desley Whisson
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Maintenance of the productivity of the world’s grasslands is critical for livestock production, bio-diversity conservation and ecosystem services. Using case studies from Australasia, North America and China, we identify general principles of managing invasive native and introduced herbivores. Management aims to achieve optimised livestock production while conserving biodiversity and ecosystem services, which are often intangible. We identify similarities and differences in the ecologies and impacts of European wild rabbits, Californian ground squirrel and plateau zokors, discuss management tools and strategies, and the ecological, social and cultural factors affecting management. The ecosystem engineering characteristics of these species that make them important …
Effect Of High Se And Co Alfalfa Forage On Animal Production, Xiao-Lei Jie, Xiao Guo, Hua-Feng Hu
Effect Of High Se And Co Alfalfa Forage On Animal Production, Xiao-Lei Jie, Xiao Guo, Hua-Feng Hu
IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)
Total and available selenium (Se) and cobalt (Co) concentrations are low in Chinese soils, especially those found in mainly in temperate humid sub-humid conditions in the northeast to the southwest band across China (Tan et al. 2002). The levels of Se and Co are marginally deficit in the brown soil of the Yellow River region which causes lower production level and quality in forage and crop plants. Application of Se and Co fertilizers to arable lands is essential to produce high Se and Co forages. Henan is a Province where produce high-quality grass forages are used to support dairy …
A Multivalent Kaposi Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus-Like Particle Vaccine Capable Of Eliciting High Titers Of Neutralizing Antibodies In Immunized Rabbits, David H. Mulama, Lorraine Z. Mustvunguma, Jennifer Totonchy, Peng Ye, Joslyn Foley, Gabriela M. Escalante, Esther Rodriguez, Ramina Nabiee, Murali Muniraju, Felix Wussow, Anne K. Barasa, Javier Gordon Ogembo
A Multivalent Kaposi Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus-Like Particle Vaccine Capable Of Eliciting High Titers Of Neutralizing Antibodies In Immunized Rabbits, David H. Mulama, Lorraine Z. Mustvunguma, Jennifer Totonchy, Peng Ye, Joslyn Foley, Gabriela M. Escalante, Esther Rodriguez, Ramina Nabiee, Murali Muniraju, Felix Wussow, Anne K. Barasa, Javier Gordon Ogembo
Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research
Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is an emerging pathogen and the causative agent of multiple cancers in immunocompromised patients. To date, there is no licensed prophylactic KSHV vaccine. In this study, we generated a novel subunit vaccine that incorporates four key KSHV envelope glycoproteins required for viral entry in diverse cell types (gpK8.1, gB, and gH/gL) into a single multivalent KSHV-like particle (KSHV-LP). Purified KSHV-LPs were similar in size, shape, and morphology to KSHV virions. Vaccination of rabbits with adjuvanted KSHV-LPs generated strong glycoprotein-specific antibody responses, and purified immunoglobulins from KSHV-LP-immunized rabbits neutralized KSHV infection in epithelial, endothelial, fibroblast, and B …
Understanding The Basics Of Rabbit Care, Nicloe Reed, Amanda Christensen
Understanding The Basics Of Rabbit Care, Nicloe Reed, Amanda Christensen
All Current Publications
This fact sheet is designed to give anyone interested in owning and raising rabbits an overview of the basics of rabbit care and the resources needed to get started.
Evaluation Of Micro-Gps Receivers For Tracking Small-Bodied Mammals, Laura A. Mcmahon, Janet L. Rachlow, Lisa A. Shipley, Jennifer S. Forbey, Timothy R. Johnson, Peter J. Olsoy
Evaluation Of Micro-Gps Receivers For Tracking Small-Bodied Mammals, Laura A. Mcmahon, Janet L. Rachlow, Lisa A. Shipley, Jennifer S. Forbey, Timothy R. Johnson, Peter J. Olsoy
Biology Faculty Publications and Presentations
GPS telemetry markedly enhances the temporal and spatial resolution of animal location data, and recent advances in micro-GPS receivers permit their deployment on small mammals. One such technological advance, snapshot technology, allows for improved battery life by reducing the time to first fix via postponing recovery of satellite ephemeris (satellite location) data and processing of locations. However, no previous work has employed snapshot technology for small, terrestrial mammals. We evaluated performance of two types of micro-GPS (< 20 g) receivers (traditional and snapshot) on a small, semi-fossorial lagomorph, the pygmy rabbit (Brachylagus idahoensis), to understand how GPS errors might influence fine-scale assessments of space use and habitat selection. During stationary tests, microtopography (i.e., …
The Effect Of Feed Form On Diet Digestibility And Cecal Parameters In Rabbits, Isabella Corsato Alvarenga, Charles Gregory Aldrich, Micah Kohles
The Effect Of Feed Form On Diet Digestibility And Cecal Parameters In Rabbits, Isabella Corsato Alvarenga, Charles Gregory Aldrich, Micah Kohles
School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications
Fifteen New Zealand rabbits were randomly assigned to one of 3 dietary treatment groups of 5 animals each and fed pelleted, extruded, or muesli diets in a completely randomized design experiment. Rabbits were placed in individual cages with ad libitum access to water and food for 45 days acclimation followed by 30 days experimental period. Feed intake of rabbits fed pelleted and extruded diets was greater (p < 0.05) than rabbits fed the muesli diet (125.6 and 130.4 vs. 91.9 g/d), but weight change and feed efficiency were not affected by treatment. Diet digestibility among the treatments was inconsistent when comparing results obtained from total fecal collection and AIA (please define) as an internal marker. Rabbits fed extruded and pelleted diets had lower (p < 0.05) cecal pH (6.42 and 6.38 vs. 7.02, respectively), and higher (p < 0.05) production of SCFA (18.5 and 19.0 vs. 11.7 mM, respectively) than those fed muesli. The fermentation products from rabbits fed pelleted and extruded diets had a greater proportion of butyrate and less propionate than rabbits fed muesli. The results of this study indicate that the basal dietary composition had a greater impact on diet utilization and cecal fermentation than food form.
Cottontails And Jackrabbits, S. Nicole Frey
Cottontails And Jackrabbits, S. Nicole Frey
All Current Publications
This fact sheet explains the difference between rabbits and hares and describes their conflicts with humans, methods to prevent damage including excluding, repelling, or removing, and population control. It also describes Tularemia, a disease caused by infection of a bacteria Franisella tularenis.
Equine Arteritis Virus Uses Equine Cxcl16 As An Entry Receptor, Sanjay Sarkar, Lakshman Chelvarajan, Yun Young Go, Frank Cook, Sergey Artiushin, Shankar Mondal, Kelsi Anderson, John E. Eberth, Peter J. Timoney, Theodore S. Kalbfleisch, Ernest F. Bailey, Udeni B. R. Balasuriya
Equine Arteritis Virus Uses Equine Cxcl16 As An Entry Receptor, Sanjay Sarkar, Lakshman Chelvarajan, Yun Young Go, Frank Cook, Sergey Artiushin, Shankar Mondal, Kelsi Anderson, John E. Eberth, Peter J. Timoney, Theodore S. Kalbfleisch, Ernest F. Bailey, Udeni B. R. Balasuriya
Veterinary Science Faculty Publications
Previous studies in our laboratory have identified equine CXCL16 (EqCXCL16) to be a candidate molecule and possible cell entry receptor for equine arteritis virus (EAV). In horses, the CXCL16 gene is located on equine chromosome 11 (ECA11) and encodes a glycosylated, type I transmembrane protein with 247 amino acids. Stable transfection of HEK-293T cells with plasmid DNA carrying EqCXCL16 (HEK-EqCXCL16 cells) increased the proportion of the cell population permissive to EAV infection from < 3% to almost 100%. The increase in permissiveness was blocked either by transfection of HEK-EqCXCL16 cells with small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) directed against EqCXCL16 or by pretreatment with guinea pig polyclonal antibody against EqCXCL16 protein (Gp anti-EqCXCL16 pAb). Furthermore, using a virus overlay protein-binding assay (VOPBA) in combination with far-Western blotting, gradient-purified EAV particles were shown to bind directly to the EqCXCL16 protein in vitro. The binding of biotinylated virulent EAV strain Bucyrus at 4°C was significantly higher in HEK-EqCXCL16 cells than nontransfected HEK-293T cells. Finally, the results demonstrated …
Research Of The Effects Of Autologous Cancellous Bone Graft And Hyaluronic Acidon The Healing Of Bone Defects Experimentally Induced In Rabbits, Aydin Sağliyan, Mehmet Cengi̇z Han, Eni̇s Karabulut, Mustafa Özkaraca
Research Of The Effects Of Autologous Cancellous Bone Graft And Hyaluronic Acidon The Healing Of Bone Defects Experimentally Induced In Rabbits, Aydin Sağliyan, Mehmet Cengi̇z Han, Eni̇s Karabulut, Mustafa Özkaraca
Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences
The present study investigated the effect of autograft and hyaluronic acid (HA) in terms of clinical, radiological, and histopathological aspects on the healing of experimentally induced bone defects. The animals (n = 42) were assorted into 3 groups. After general anesthesia, a 3-mm standard defect was formed from the tibia of the experimental animals. The defects in Group I (n = 14) were left blank. Cancellous grafts in the proximal tibia were collected using a small curette to fill the defects in Group II (n = 14). The defects in Group III (n = 14) were filled by mixing with …
Application Of Herbs And Propolis In Rabbits With Chronic Diarrhea, Robert Kupczynski, Tomasz Piasecki, Michal Bednarski, Kinga Spitalniak, Anna Budny-Walczak
Application Of Herbs And Propolis In Rabbits With Chronic Diarrhea, Robert Kupczynski, Tomasz Piasecki, Michal Bednarski, Kinga Spitalniak, Anna Budny-Walczak
Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of ethanolic extract of propolis (EEP) and an herbal mixture (Rumex crispus, Potentilla anserina, and Polygonum aviculare) on diarrhea course, hematological and biochemical parameters, and acid-base balance of rabbits. Twenty-four meat rabbits (Hyplus) were divided into four groups of eight animals. The rabbits were randomly divided into the following groups: HR - healthy rabbits, DR - rabbits with diarrhea symptoms, H - treated with 10% herbal extract, and EEP - treated with 10% ethanolic extract of propolis at 4 mL/L. The extracts were supplemented for 10 days into the drinking …
Osseointegration Of Wrapped Dental Implants In Rabbits, Alex Whitehead
Osseointegration Of Wrapped Dental Implants In Rabbits, Alex Whitehead
AUCTUS: The Journal of Undergraduate Research and Creative Scholarship
Edentulous patients (those lacking teeth) require one of two approaches to augmentation: inserting a vertical bone graft, or subperiosteally anchoring a device on which an implant can be attached. Bone grafts have had unpredictable results and can undergo resorption over time, compromising implant stability and success. As of the subperiosteal approach, current materials have not proven to directly integrate with the bone, in a process termed osseointegration. Therefore, we used additive manufacturing to create a Ti6Al4V alloy surface with a specific roughness to determine if it would be osseoinductive in a challenging rabbit model over six weeks.
Comparative Effects Of Sirolimus-Eluting Versus Bare Metal Stents On Neointimal Hyperplasia In Balloon-Injured External Iliac Artery Of Rabbits, Atul Patel, Pinesh Parikh, Deepak Patil, Anila Mathew, Suhas Lele, Mohan Rajapurkar, Pradip Patil, Akhilesh Kumar, Priti Vani
Comparative Effects Of Sirolimus-Eluting Versus Bare Metal Stents On Neointimal Hyperplasia In Balloon-Injured External Iliac Artery Of Rabbits, Atul Patel, Pinesh Parikh, Deepak Patil, Anila Mathew, Suhas Lele, Mohan Rajapurkar, Pradip Patil, Akhilesh Kumar, Priti Vani
Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences
The aim of this study was to check effectiveness of drug-eluting stents for prevention of restenosis resulting from neointimal hyperplasia. Twenty-one sirolimus-eluting stents (SESs) and bare metal stents (BMSs; control) were compared by implantation into left and right balloon-injured external iliac arteries of New Zealand White rabbits, respectively. Under general anesthesia and angiography, using 3-mm coronary balloon catheters, stents were successfully deployed. Anticoagulant therapy was not given to any animal. Rabbits were allotted into three groups at 7, 14, and 21 days (7 rabbits in each group). Each stented vessel of sacrificed rabbits was subjected to a resin-embedding technique and …
Effect Of Muscle Length On Cross-Bridge Kinetics In Intact Cardiac Trabeculae At Body Temperature, Nima Milani-Nejad, Ying Xu, Jonathan P. Davis, Kenneth S. Campbell, Paul M. L. Janssen
Effect Of Muscle Length On Cross-Bridge Kinetics In Intact Cardiac Trabeculae At Body Temperature, Nima Milani-Nejad, Ying Xu, Jonathan P. Davis, Kenneth S. Campbell, Paul M. L. Janssen
Physiology Faculty Publications
Dynamic force generation in cardiac muscle, which determines cardiac pumping activity, depends on both the number of sarcomeric cross-bridges and on their cycling kinetics. The Frank–Starling mechanism dictates that cardiac force development increases with increasing cardiac muscle length (corresponding to increased ventricular volume). It is, however, unclear to what extent this increase in cardiac muscle length affects the rate of cross-bridge cycling. Previous studies using permeabilized cardiac preparations, sub-physiological temperatures, or both have obtained conflicting results. Here, we developed a protocol that allowed us to reliably and reproducibly measure the rate of tension redevelopment (ktr; which depends …
Ultrasound Imaging, Biochemical Blood Analyses, And Weight Investigations Of Dissectible Fat Depots In New Zealand White Rabbits, Penka Yonkova, Anton Rusenov, Dean Kanakov, Dimitrinka Zapryanova, Ekaterina Vachkova, Ayşe Serbest, Rosen Dimitrov, Dimitar Kostov
Ultrasound Imaging, Biochemical Blood Analyses, And Weight Investigations Of Dissectible Fat Depots In New Zealand White Rabbits, Penka Yonkova, Anton Rusenov, Dean Kanakov, Dimitrinka Zapryanova, Ekaterina Vachkova, Ayşe Serbest, Rosen Dimitrov, Dimitar Kostov
Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate changes in real-time ultrasound imaging traits and weight of dissectible fat depots (inguinal, interscapular, and perirenal) in rabbits with different body weights and to monitor the changes in blood glucose and constituents of lipid profiles. In this study, 18 clinically healthy male New Zealand white rabbits were used. The rabbits were fed with standard diet and were divided into 3 groups according to their body weight: group 1 at 1.06 ± 0.03 kg, group 2 at 2.1 ± 0.05 kg, and group 3 at 3.06 ± 0.03 kg. Examined by ultrasonography, …
Differential Interactions Of The Formins Inf2, Mdia1, And Mdia2 With Microtubules, Jeremie Gaillard, Bvinay Ramabhadran, Emmanuelle Neumanne, Pinar Gurel, Laurent Blanchoin, Marylin Vantard, Henry N. Higgs
Differential Interactions Of The Formins Inf2, Mdia1, And Mdia2 With Microtubules, Jeremie Gaillard, Bvinay Ramabhadran, Emmanuelle Neumanne, Pinar Gurel, Laurent Blanchoin, Marylin Vantard, Henry N. Higgs
Dartmouth Scholarship
A number of cellular processes use both microtubules and actin filaments, but the molecular machinery linking these two cytoskeletal elements remains to be elucidated in detail. Formins are actin-binding proteins that have multiple effects on actin dynamics, and one formin, mDia2, has been shown to bind and stabilize microtubules through its formin homology 2 (FH2) domain. Here we show that three formins, INF2, mDia1, and mDia2, display important differences in their interactions with microtubules and actin. Constructs containing FH1, FH2, and C-terminal domains of all three formins bind microtubules with high affinity (K(d) < 100 nM). However, only mDia2 binds microtubules at 1:1 stoichiometry, with INF2 and mDia1 showing saturating binding at approximately 1:3 (formin dimer:tubulin dimer). INF2-FH1FH2C is a potent microtubule-bundling protein, an effect that results in a large reduction in catastrophe rate. In contrast, neither mDia1 nor mDia2 is a potent microtubule bundler. The C-termini of mDia2 and INF2 have different functions in microtubule interaction, with mDia2's C-terminus required for high-affinity binding and INF2's C-terminus required for bundling. mDia2's C-terminus directly binds microtubules with submicromolar affinity. These formins also differ in their abilities to bind actin and microtubules simultaneously. Microtubules strongly inhibit actin polymerization by mDia2, whereas they moderately inhibit mDia1 and have no effect on INF2. Conversely, actin monomers inhibit microtubule binding/bundling by INF2 but do not affect mDia1 or mDia2. These differences in interactions with microtubules and actin suggest differential function in cellular processes requiring both cytoskeletal elements.
In Vitro Amplification Of Misfolded Prion Protein Using Lysate Of Cultured Cells, Charles E. Mays, Jihyun Yeom, Hae-Eun Kang, Jifeng Bian, Vadim Khaychuk, Younghwan Kim, Jason C Bartz, Glenn C Telling, Chongsuk Ryou
In Vitro Amplification Of Misfolded Prion Protein Using Lysate Of Cultured Cells, Charles E. Mays, Jihyun Yeom, Hae-Eun Kang, Jifeng Bian, Vadim Khaychuk, Younghwan Kim, Jason C Bartz, Glenn C Telling, Chongsuk Ryou
Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics Faculty Publications
Protein misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA) recapitulates the prion protein (PrP) conversion process under cell-free conditions. PMCA was initially established with brain material and then with further simplified constituents such as partially purified and recombinant PrP. However, availability of brain material from some species or brain material from animals with certain mutations or polymorphisms within the PrP gene is often limited. Moreover, preparation of native PrP from mammalian cells and tissues, as well as recombinant PrP from bacterial cells, involves time-consuming purification steps. To establish a convenient and versatile PMCA procedure unrestricted to the availability of substrate sources, we attempted to …
Genetically Engineered Alginate Lyase-Peg Conjugates Exhibit Enhanced Catalytic Function And Reduced Immunoreactivity, John W. Lamppa, Margaret E. Ackerman, Jennifer I. Lai, Thomas C. Scanlon, Karl E. Griswold
Genetically Engineered Alginate Lyase-Peg Conjugates Exhibit Enhanced Catalytic Function And Reduced Immunoreactivity, John W. Lamppa, Margaret E. Ackerman, Jennifer I. Lai, Thomas C. Scanlon, Karl E. Griswold
Dartmouth Scholarship
Alginate lyase enzymes represent prospective biotherapeutic agents for treating bacterial infections, particularly in the cystic fibrosis airway. To effectively deimmunize one therapeutic candidate while maintaining high level catalytic proficiency, a combined genetic engineering-PEGylation strategy was implemented. Rationally designed, site-specific PEGylation variants were constructed by orthogonal maleimide-thiol coupling chemistry. In contrast to random PEGylation of the enzyme by NHS-ester mediated chemistry, controlled mono-PEGylation of A1-III alginate lyase produced a conjugate that maintained wild type levels of activity towards a model substrate. Significantly, the PEGylated variant exhibited enhanced solution phase kinetics with bacterial alginate, the ultimate therapeutic target. The immunoreactivity of the …
Interactions Between Connected Half-Sarcomeres Produce Emergent Mechanical Behavior In A Mathematical Model Of Muscle, Kenneth S. Campbell
Interactions Between Connected Half-Sarcomeres Produce Emergent Mechanical Behavior In A Mathematical Model Of Muscle, Kenneth S. Campbell
Physiology Faculty Publications
Most reductionist theories of muscle attribute a fiber's mechanical properties to the scaled behavior of a single half-sarcomere. Mathematical models of this type can explain many of the known mechanical properties of muscle but have to incorporate a passive mechanical component that becomes approximately 300% stiffer in activating conditions to reproduce the force response elicited by stretching a fast mammalian muscle fiber. The available experimental data suggests that titin filaments, which are the mostly likely source of the passive component, become at most approximately 30% stiffer in saturating Ca2+ solutions. The work described in this manuscript used computer modeling to …
Historical Winter Diets Of Mink (Mustela Vison) In Nebraska, Justin D. Hoffman, Sam Wilson, Hugh H. Genoways
Historical Winter Diets Of Mink (Mustela Vison) In Nebraska, Justin D. Hoffman, Sam Wilson, Hugh H. Genoways
University of Nebraska State Museum: Mammalogy Papers
Currently there are no published accounts of the specific diets of mink (Mustela vison) in Nebraska. Herein, we present findings of an historic data set on the winter diets of mink in Nebraska. Gastrointestinal (GI) tracts of mink were collected by the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission during the 1946-1947 fur trapping season. The contents of the GI tracts were identified as specifically as possible and percentage of occurrence and percentage of total volume was calculated for each prey item. Mammals and bony fish were the most encountered items. Among mammals, rabbits and muskrats (Ondatra zibethicus) …
Dictyostelium Discoideum Plasma Membranes Contain An Actin-Nucleating Activity That Requires Ponticulin, An Integral Membrane Glycoprotein, A. Shariff, Elizabeth J. Luna
Dictyostelium Discoideum Plasma Membranes Contain An Actin-Nucleating Activity That Requires Ponticulin, An Integral Membrane Glycoprotein, A. Shariff, Elizabeth J. Luna
Elizabeth J. Luna
In previous equilibrium binding studies, Dictyostelium discoideum plasma membranes have been shown to bind actin and to recruit actin into filaments at the membrane surface. However, little is known about the kinetic pathway(s) through which actin assembles at these, or other, membranes. We have used actin fluorescently labeled with N-(1-pyrenyl)iodoacetamide to examine the kinetics of actin assembly in the presence of D. discoideum plasma membranes. We find that these membranes increase the rate of actin polymerization. The rate of membrane-mediated actin polymerization is linearly dependent on membrane protein concentrations up to 20 micrograms/ml. Nucleation (the association of activated actin monomers …
A Stable, High Capacity, F-Actin Affinity Column, Elizabeth Luna, Y. Wang, E. Voss, D. Branton, D. Taylor
A Stable, High Capacity, F-Actin Affinity Column, Elizabeth Luna, Y. Wang, E. Voss, D. Branton, D. Taylor
Elizabeth J. Luna
A high capacity F-actin affinity matrix is constructed by binding fluorescyl-actin to rabbit anti-fluorescein IgG that is covalently bound to Sepharose 4B. When stabilized with phalloidin, the actin remains associated with the Sepharose beads during repeated washes, activates the ATPase activity of myosin subfragment 1, and specifically binds 125I-heavy meromyosin and 125I-tropomyosin. The associations between the F-actin affinity matrix and the iodinated F-actin binding proteins are monitored both by affinity chromatography and by a rapid, low speed sedimentation assay. Anti-fluorescein IgG-Sepharose should be generally useful as a matrix for the immobilization of proteins containing accessible, covalently bound fluorescein groups.