Life Sciences Commons^™

On The Origin Of Superoxide Dismutase: An Evolutionary Perspective Of Superoxide-Mediated Redox Signaling., Adam J. Case

Journal Articles: Cellular & Integrative Physiology

The field of free radical biology originated with the discovery of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in 1969. Over the last 5 decades, a plethora of research has been performed in species ranging from bacteria to mammals that has elucidated the molecular reaction, subcellular location, and specific isoforms of SOD. However, while humans have only begun to study this class of enzymes over the past 50 years, it has been estimated that these enzymes have existed for billions of years, and may be some of the original enzymes found in primitive life. As life evolved over this expanse of time, these enzymes …

Investigating The Quantity And Types Of Microplastics In The Organic Tissue Of Oysters And Crabs In The Indian River Lagoon, Heidi Waite

Honors Undergraduate Theses

Microplastics are widespread and abundant. Few studies have examined the diversity and abundance of microplastics in wild organisms. This study determined the microplastic quantity and types in the organic tissues of the eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica and Atlantic mud crab Panopeus herbstii from the Indian River Lagoon (IRL). This study also investigated whether location affected the microplastic abundance and variety. Organisms were collected from three sites across Mosquito Lagoon in the northern IRL. Oysters were frozen after collection. Crabs were placed in containers for 5 days before freezing. The soft organic tissue was chemically digested using hydrogen peroxide, filtered, …

Assessment Of Tick Antioxidant Responses To Exogenous Oxidative Stressors And Insight Into The Role Of Catalase In The Reproductive Fitness Of The Gulf Coast Tick, Amblyomma Maculatum, D. Kumar, K. Budachetri, V.C. Meyers, Shahid Karim

Faculty Publications

As obligate blood‐sucking ectoparasites, to avoid tissue damage, ticks must neutralize the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated from uptake and digestion of a bloodmeal. Consequently, ticks utilize a battery of antioxidant molecules, including catalase (CAT), an enzyme that converts hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) into water and oxygen. Here, we investigated the tick antioxidant machinery by exogenous injection of sublethal doses of H₂O₂ or paraquat. The relative transcript levels of selected Amblyomma maculatum antioxidant targets in tissues were determined by quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR following treatment. The results showed 2–16‐fold increases in target antioxidant gene …

Hydrogen Peroxide Induced Loss Of Heterozygosity Correlates With Replicative Lifespan And Mitotic Asymmetry In Saccharomyces Cerevisiae, Emine Guven, Lindsay A. Parnell, Erin D. Jackson, Meighan Parker, Nilin Gupta, Jenny Rodrigues, Hong Qin

Scholarly Works

Cellular aging in Saccharomyces cerevisiae can lead to genomic instability and impaired mitotic asymmetry. To investigate the role of oxidative stress in cellular aging, we examined the effect of exogenous hydrogen peroxide on genomic instability and mitotic asymmetry in a collection of yeast strains with diverse backgrounds. We treated yeast cells with hydrogen peroxide and monitored the changes of viability and the frequencies of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in response to hydrogen peroxide doses. The mid-transition points of viability and LOH were quantified using sigmoid mathematical functions. We found that the increase of hydrogen peroxide dependent genomic instability often occurs …

Characterization Of Hemerythrin-Like Protein Rv2633c, Michelle D. Cherne

Honors Undergraduate Theses

Hemerythrin-like protein Rv2633c is a small 18 kDa protein that is expressed in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Sequence analysis of Rv2633c predicts the presence of a hemerythrin-like domain, which binds dioxygen using a µ-oxo-bridge (Fe-O-Fe), rather than a heme group. Though it is noticeably upregulated during macrophage infection and during in vitro acidification, the role of Rv2633c in Mtb survival has yet to be elucidated. This project aims to characterize the function of Rv2633c by studying the in vitro response of the recombinant protein to conditions present in the macrophage lysosome, such as reduced oxygen levels or the …

High Glucose Induces Reactivation Of Latent Kaposi’S Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus, Fengchun Ye, Yan Zeng, Jingfeng Sha, Tiffany Jones, Kurt Kuhne, Charles Wood, Shou-Jiang Gao

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

High prevalence of Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) is seen in diabetic patients. It is unknown if the physiological condition of diabetes contributes to KS development. We found elevated levels of viral lytic gene expression when Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) infected cells were cultured in high glucose medium. To demonstrate the association between high glucose and KSHV replication, we xeno29

grafted telomerase-immortalized human umbilical vein endothelial cells that are infected with KSHV (TIVE-KSHV) into hyperglycemic and normal nude mice. The injected cells expressed significantly higher levels of KSHV lytic genes in hyperglycemic mice than in normal mice. We further demonstrated that high …

Nicotinamide Riboside Delivery Generates Nad+ Reserves To Protect Vascular Cells Against Oxidative Damage, Krista M. Hawrylyshyn

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

The ability of vascular cells to withstand oxidative insults is critical to vascular health. NAD⁺, which drives poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and sirtuin (SIRT) reactions, can be compromised and strategies for overcoming this limitation in the vasculature do not exist. This study determines if nicotinamide riboside (NR) delivery can augment NAD⁺ stores and fuel resistance to oxidative stress. I established that oxidative-stress insult on vascular cells decreased NAD⁺ levels, accompanied by a striking increase in nuclear PAR-chain accumulation. PARP inhibition abolished PAR-chain formation and preserved NAD⁺ levels, establishing PARP in NAD⁺ consumption in this …

The Effect Of Hydrogen Peroxide On Leishmania Amazonensis Promastigotes, Debra Eluobaju

DePaul Discoveries

Leishmaniasis is a disease caused by the parasite Leishmania. The disease causes lesions to the skin and face; when visceral it becomes fatal to its host. Leishmanias are transmitted through the female blood-sucking sand fly into its mammalian host, where it infects macrophages. Within the macrophages, Leishmania differentiates from a motile, rod shaped, nonvirulent promastigotes to a non-motile, spherical shaped, virulent amastigotes. Differentiation is due to the high temperature of the mammalian host body, in addition to the low pH of the macrophage. In vitro, the cells are differentiated in Graces medium (pH 5.3) at 33◦C. I investigated whether …

Francisella Tularensis Catalase Restricts Immune Function By Impairing Trpm2 Channel Activity, Nicole Lynn Flaherty

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

As an innate defense mechanism, macrophages produce reactive species that weaken pathogens and serve as secondary messengers to modify signaling responses involved in immune function. The gram-negative bacterium F. tularensis utilizes its antioxidant armature to limit the host immune response but the mechanism behind this suppression has not been defined. Here we establish that F. tularensis limits Ca2+ entry thereby limiting actin reorganization and IL-6 production in a redox-dependent fashion. Wild-type (LVS) or catalase deficient F. tularensis (∆katG) show distinct profiles in their H2O2 scavenging capacity, 1 pM/sec and 0.015 pM/sec, respectively. Murine alveolar macrophages infected with ∆katG display distinct …

In Situ Oh Generation From O2- And H2o2 Plays A Critical Role In Plasma Induced Cell Death, Dehui Xu, Dingxing Liu, Biqing Wang, Chen Chen, Zeyu Chen, Dong Li, Yanjie Yang, Hailan Chen, Michael G. Kong

Bioelectrics Publications

Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species produced by cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) are considered to be the most important species for biomedical applications, including cancer treatment. However, it is not known which species exert the greatest biological effects, and the nature of their interactions with tumor cells remains ill-defined. These questions were addressed in the present study by exposing human mesenchymal stromal and LP-1 cells to reactive oxygen and nitrogen species produced by CAP and evaluating cell viability. Superoxide anion (O₂-) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) were the two major species present in plasma, but their …

Cloning And Expression Analysis Of Drosophila Extracellular Cu Zn Superoxide Dismutase, Michael J. Blackney, Rebecca Cox, David Shepherd, Joel D. Parker

Joel D Parker

In the present study, we cloned and sequenced the mRNAs of the Sod3 [extracellular Cu Zn SOD (superoxide dismutase)] gene in Drosophila and identified two mRNA products formed by alternative splicing. These products code for a long and short protein derived from the four transcripts found in global expression studies (Flybase numbers Dmel\CG9027, FBgn0033631). Both mRNA process variants contain an extracellular signalling sequence, a region of high homology to the Sod1 (cytoplasmic Cu Zn SOD) including a conserved AUG start, with the longer form also containing a hydrophobic tail. The two fully processed transcripts are homologous to Caenorhabditis elegans Sod3 …

Role Of The Pkna And Pknb Kinases In Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, Tripti Anandan

Wayne State University Dissertations

To respond to environmental changes, M. tuberculosis possesses eleven "eukaryotic-type" Ser/Thr protein kinases. The aim of the study described in this dissertation was to identify role of two of these kinases; PknA and PknB that are essential in M. tuberculosis. Two approaches are described to screen for potential in vivo substrates of PknA/PknB. First approach is based on proteomic search by over-expressing PknA/PknB in M. tuberculosis. Proteomic search led to identification of proteasome to be a substrate of PknA and PknB in M. tuberculosis. Furthermore, I demonstrate that the phosphorylation of PrcA and PrcB by PknA regulates processing of Pre-PrcB. …

Effects Of Chlorine, Hydrogen Peroxide, And Ozone On The Reduction Of Mancozeb Residues On Tomatoes, Mehmet Fati̇h Cengi̇z, Muharrem Certel

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

In this study, the effects of widely used oxidizers (chlorine, hydrogen peroxide, and ozone) on the reduction of mancozeb residues on tomatoes were investigated. Mature tomato samples grown in a greenhouse were treated with mancozeb and collected at different time intervals. Mancozeb residue levels in the samples were determined for each interval using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method. A group of the samples with a residue level of approximately 3 mg kg^{-1} was selected for dipping solutions experiments. Selected samples were dipped into the chlorine (10 and 100 mg L^{-1}), hydrogen peroxide (10 and 100 mg L^{-1}), and ozone (1 …

Study Of Exogenous Oxidative Stress Response In Escherichia Coli, Pseudomonas Spp., Bacillus Spp., And Salmonella Spp., Ifratun Nur, Mohammad Sakil Munna, Rashed Noor

Turkish Journal of Biology

With a previous observation of Escherichia coli growth cessation with the supplementation of 3 mM hydrogen peroxide (H_{2}O_{2}) at the late log phase, the current study further demonstrated the consequences of the addition of an increased concentration (6 mM) of H_{2}O_{2} and further extended the investigation on such an oxidant's impact on the growth of Salmonella spp., Pseudomonas spp., and Bacillus spp. Cell culturability was measured through the enumeration of colony-forming units (CFUs) on agar plates for up to 72 h. Subsequent changes in cell morphology and arrangements were monitored, and the cell viability was simultaneously retraced by spot tests. …

Characterization Of The Hydrogen Peroxide Stress Responses Of Bifidobacterium Longum And Bifidobacterium Animalis Subsp. Lactis, Taylor S. Oberg

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Probiotics are living organisms which exert a beneficial health effect when consumed in sufficient numbers. Consumer interest in probiotics has increased dramatically in recent years prompting an increase in production and development of functional foods. One major problem is the decreased viability of probiotic bacteria during functional food production and storage and subsequent digestion due to environmental stresses. The most common probiotic strains belong to the genus Lactobacillus or Bifidobacterium. Due to the anaerobic nature of these bacteria, they lack the required defense mechanisms for oxidative stress inherent in aerobic microorganisms. This study examined the oxidative stress responses of …

Investigating The Pathological Response To Beta Amyloid Toxicity In Rats: The Role Of Age And The Antioxidant Catalase-Skl, Hayley J. Nell

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Accumulation of beta-amyloid (Aβ) in the brain is a major contributor to the cellular pathology and cognitive impairment observed in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In part, Aβ exerts its toxic effects by increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and neuroinflammation in the brain. Aging, a major risk factor for AD is also associated with increased production of ROS. This study investigated the age-related pathological response to Aβ toxicity and examined whether catalase-SKL(CAT-SKL), a genetically engineered derivative of the peroxisomal antioxidant enzyme catalase, is able to reduce Aβ toxicity. Bilateral intracerebroventricular (icv) injections of the Aβ_25-35 peptide was used to model Aβ …

Genetic And Physiological Responses Of Bifidobacterium Animalis Subsp. Lactis To Hydrogen Peroxide Stress, T. S. Oberg, Robert E. Ward, J. L. Steele, Jeff Broadbent

Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Sciences Faculty Publications

Consumer interest in probiotic bifidobacteria is increasing, but industry efforts to secure high cell viability in foods is determined by these anaerobes’ sensitivity to oxidative stress. To address this limitation, we investigated genetic and physiological responses of two fully sequenced Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis strains, BL-04 and DSM 10140, to hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) stress. Although the genome sequences for these strains are highly clonal, prior work showed they differ in both intrinsic and inducible H₂O₂ resistance. Transcriptome analysis of early stationary phase cells exposed to a sub-lethal H₂O₂ concentration detected …

Anti-Oxidative Stress Activity Of Phikud Navakot Extract In Saccharomyces Cerevisiae, Nongluksna Sriubolmas, Uthai Sotanaphun, Duangdeun Meksuriyen, Suthep Wiyakrutta

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

No abstract provided.

Redox Status Affects The Catalytic Activity Of Glutamyl-Trna Synthetase, Assaf Katz, Ranat Banerjee, Merly De Armas, Michael Ibba, Omar Orellana

Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research

Glutamyl-tRNA synthetases (GluRS) provide Glu-tRNA for different processes including protein synthesis, glutamine transamidation and tetrapyrrole biosynthesis. Many organisms contain multiple GluRSs, but whether these duplications solely broaden tRNA specificity or also play additional roles in tetrapyrrole biosynthesis is not known. Previous studies have shown that GluRS1, one of two GluRSs from the extremophile Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, is inactivated when intracellular heme is elevated suggesting a specific role for GluRS1 in the regulation of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis. We now show that, in vitro, GluRS1 activity is reversibly inactivated upon oxidation by hemin and hydrogen peroxide. The targets for oxidation-based inhibition were …

Farnesol Induces Hydrogen Peroxide Resistance In Candida Albicans Yeast By Inhibiting The Ras-Cyclic Amp Signaling Pathway, Aurélie Deveau, Amy E. Piispanen, Angelyca A. Jackson, Deborah A. Hogan

Dartmouth Scholarship

Farnesol, a Candida albicans cell-cell signaling molecule that participates in the control of morphology, has an additional role in protection of the fungus against oxidative stress. In this report, we show that although farnesol induces the accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), ROS generation is not necessary for the induction of catalase (Cat1)-mediated oxidative-stress resistance. Two antioxidants, α-tocopherol and, to a lesser extent, ascorbic acid effectively reduced intracellular ROS generation by farnesol but did not alter farnesol-induced oxidative-stress resistance. Farnesol inhibits the Ras1-adenylate cyclase (Cyr1) signaling pathway to achieve its effects on morphology under hypha-inducing conditions, and we demonstrate …

Effect Of Hydrogen Peroxide In The Scald Tank On The Microbial Count Of Pork Skin, A. S. De Mello Jr., R. O. Roca

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) (50% v/v) on pork skin microbial populations. Forty-eight crossbred hogs were analyzed after dehairing and 30 during chilling. Three different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide were added to the scalding water (0.01, 0.05 and 0.1% of the total capacity of the scald tank). In treatment I no addition of H₂O₂ was applied while, in treatment II, H₂O₂ was added at 0 min and, in treatment III, it was added at 0, 30 and 60 min. Both treatments …

Genome-Wide Transcriptional Profiling Of The Cyclic Amp-Dependent Signaling Pathway During Morphogenic Transitions Of Candida Albicans, Yong-Sun Bahn, Matthew Molenda, Janet F. Staab, Courtney A. Lyman, Laura J. Gordon, Paula Sundstrom

Dartmouth Scholarship

Candida albicans is an opportunistic human fungal pathogen that causes systemic candidiasis as well as superficial mucosal candidiasis. In response to the host environment, C. albicans transitions between yeast and hyphal forms. In particular, hyphal growth is important in facilitating adhesion and invasion of host tissues, concomitant with the expression of various hypha-specific virulence factors. In previous work, we showed that the cyclic AMP (cAMP) signaling pathway plays a crucial role in morphogenic transitions and virulence of C. albicans by studying genes encoding adenylate cyclase-associated protein (CAP1) and high-affinity phosphodiesterase (PDE2) (Y. S. Bahn, J. Staab, and P. Sundstrom, Mol. …

Distribution Of Hydrogen Peroxide In The Northwest Pacific Ocean, Jinchun Yuan, Alan M. Shiller

Faculty Publications

[1] Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a reactive oxygen intermediate involved in the cycling of metals and dissolved organic matter. Because little is known of its distribution in the North Pacific Ocean, we determined H2O2 in surface waters continuously and obtained vertical profiles at nine stations during a cruise from Japan to Hawaii. Surface water H2O2 varied from less than 10 to more than 250 nmol dm(-3). A diel cycle in surface water H2O2 (similar to 25 nmol dm(-3)) was observed only on one day during the monthlong cruise. This is contrary to expectations based on the usual assumption of photo-production …

Apoplastic Redox Metabolism: Synergistic Phenolic Oxidation And A Novel Oxidative Burst, C. Jacyn Baker, Daniel P. Roberts, Norton M. Mock, Bruce D. Whitaker, Kenneth L. Deahl, Andrey A. Aver'yanov

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The plant apoplast is an important mediator of communication between the cell cytoplasm and its surroundings. Plant cell suspensions offer a convenient model system to gain insight into apoplastic physiology. Here, we describe a novel phenomenon that took place when two naturally occurring phenolics were added together to either soybean or tobacco cell suspensions. Acetosyringone (AS) and/or hydroxyacetophenone (HAP), phenolics found in the extracellular/apoplast of tobacco cells, were added to soybean or tobacco cell suspensions undergoing an oxidative burst. Individually, AS appeared to be utilized as a typical peroxidase substrate to scavenge hydrogen peroxide, while HAP was utilized at a …

Involvement Of Acetosyringone In Plant–Pathogen Recognition, C. Jacyn Baker, Norton M. Mock, Bruce D. Whitaker, Daniel P. Roberts, Clifford P. Rice, Kenneth L. Deahl, Andrey A. Aver'yanov

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

In this study, acetosyringone was identified as one of the major extracellular phenolics in tobacco suspension cells and was shown to have bioactive properties that influence early events in plant–bacterial pathogenesis. In our model system, tobacco cell suspensions treated with bacterial isolate Pseudomonas syringae WT (HR+) undergo a resistant interaction characterized by a burst in oxygen uptake several hours after inoculation. When the extracellular concentration of acetosyringone in tobacco cell suspensions was supplemented with exogenous acetosyringone, the burst in oxygen uptake occurred as much as 1.5 h earlier. The exogenous acetosyringone had no effect on tobacco suspensions undergoing susceptible interactions …

A Method To Detect Oxidative Stress By Monitoring Changes In The Extracellular Antioxidant Capacity In Plant Suspension Cells, C. Jacyn Baker, Norton M. Mock

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Detection of H₂O₂ in the supernatant of plant suspension cells is often used to indicate the time and extent of the oxidative burst during interactions with either bacteria or pathogen-related elicitors. We have found that suspensions of plant cells, depending on conditions, may produce considerable levels of extracellular phenolics that can function as antioxidants and prevent or suppress the detection of H₂O₂. These compounds can be used as substrates by extracellular peroxidases to scavenge stoichiometric amounts of H₂O₂. When this occurs during plant/pathogen interactions it can mask both the …

Continuous Production Of Extracellular Antioxidants In Suspension Cells Attenuates The Oxidative Burst Detected In Plant Microbe Interactions, C. Jacyn Baker, Nichole R. O'Neil, Kenneth Deahl, John Lydon

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Suspension cells of Solanacearum tuberosum and Nicotiana tabacum placed in fresh buffer rapidly produce and maintain significant pools of extracellular antioxidants. The extracellular antioxidant was detected by first adding a known amount of exogenous H₂O₂ to samples and then immediately measuring the remaining H₂O₂. The difference between the amount added and amount remaining was used to determine the antioxidant capacity of the sample. This extracellular antioxidant pool attenuates levels of hydrogen peroxide produced during plant–bacterial interactions. When tobacco cells were inoculated with an isolate Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae that causes a hypersensitive response …

Oxidative Metabolism In Plant/Bacteria Interactions: Characterization Of A Unique Oxygen Uptake Response Of Potato Suspension Cells, C. Jacyn Baker, E. W. Orlandi, Kenneth L. Deahl

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Plant suspension cells have been shown to respond to bacteria or microbial elicitors by producing active oxygen as well as increasing oxygen uptake. Here we characterize a unique two stage oxygen uptake response of potato suspension cells to heat-killed bacteria. Stage 1 occurred within minutes after the addition of heat-killed bacteria; the potato suspension cells responded with a rapid increase in oxygen uptake and reached a steady state approximately 50 % greater than the initial basal rate. Stage 2 began 20-30 min after this new steady state was achieved and was characterized by a slow increase in the oxygen uptake …

Scavenging Of H2O2 And Production Of Oxygen By Horseradish Peroxidas, C. Jacyn Baker, Kenneth Deahl, John Domek, Elizabeth W. Orlandi

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Peroxidases catalyze many reactions, the most common being the utilization of H₂O₂ to oxidize numerous substrates (peroxidative mode). Peroxidases have also been proposed to produce H₂O₂ via utilization of NAD(P)H, thus providing oxidant either for the first step of lignification or for the "oxidative burst" associated with plant-pathogen interactions. The current study with horseradish peroxidase characterizes a third type of peroxidase activity that mimics the action of catalase; molecular oxygen is produced at the expense of H₂O₂ in the absence of other reactants. The oxygen production and H₂O_{2 …}

The Inhibition Effect Of Yoghurt Starter Culture Metabolites, Belma Aslim, Yavuz Beyatli, Kadi̇r Halkman

Turkish Journal of Biology

In this study effect of some separate and combined metabolic compounds produced by lactic acid were tested on food pathogenic and contaminant microorgnasms. For this study, five strains of each Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus were used. The inhibition effects of the metabolic products (lactic acid, hydrogen peroxide, acetaldehyde, diacetyl) produced by the stains on test bacteria ( Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli) were determined. Also, a random combinations of the strains were prepared and the metabolic compounds produced by these cultures and their antimicrobial activities on tested bacteria were determined. By regarding the metabolic products mainly, the samples of lactic …