Life Sciences Commons^™

Biodiversity Of Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae), Vectors Of Important Arboviral Diseases At Different Altitudes In The Central Part Of Iran, Azim Paksa, Mozaffar Vahedi, Saideh Yousefi, Nasrollah Saberi, Sara Rahimi, Masoumeh Amin

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Risk assessment and vector control programs rely on a comprehensive knowledge of mosquito diversity in different areas. The present study aims to evaluate mosquito biodiversity in different areas of Sirjan County, Kerman Province, as one of the most important economic zones of Iran. Totally 4538 mosquitoes representing 19 species and four genera were collected and identified. Results showed that Culiseta longiareolata and Culex quinquefacsiatus were constant, Culex destricola, Culex pusillus, Culex pipiens and Culex laticinctus were common and the other captured species were accidental species in Sirjan County. In this study, Aedes vittatus was recorded for the first time in …

Robust Network Stability Of Mosquitoes And Human Pathogens Of Medical Importance, Donald A. Yee, Catherine Dean Bermond, Limarie J. Reyes-Torres, Nicole S. Fijman, Nicole A. Scavo, Joseph Nelsen, Susan H. Yee

Faculty Publications

Background: The exact number of mosquito species relevant to human health is unknown, posing challenges in understanding the scope and breadth of vector–pathogen relationships, and how resilient mosquito vector–pathogen networks are to targeted eradication of vectors.

Methods: We performed an extensive literature survey to determine the associations between mosquito species and their associated pathogens of human medical importance. For each vector–pathogen association, we then determined the strength of the associations (i.e., natural infection, lab infection, lab dissemination, lab transmission, known vector). A network analysis was used to identify relationships among all pathogens and vectors. Finally, we examined how …

Inventory And Distribution Of Mosquitoes (Diptera, Culicidae) In The Aures Region (Batna, Algeria), Nora Belkhiri, Wafa Habbachi, Saliha Benhissen, Naama Frah, Abdelmadjid Yagoub Asloum, Nadia Aberkane

Journal of Bioresource Management

Mosquitoes are the most terrifying both for their abundance and for the diseases they transmit. They are vectors of malaria, lymphatic filariasis and arbovirus such as yellow fever, dengue, viral encephalitis and African horse sickness. These characteristics give this fauna prominent importance and health interest. To identify the most widespread mosquito species, we conducted for the first time an inventory in the Aures region more particularly the wilaya of Batna (East of Algeria) from May 2017 to January 2020, we studied their diversity, abundance and distribution. The sampling is done by monthly surveys of the various localities chosen, using the …

Preliminary Inventory And General Aspect Of The Distribution Of Culicidae Species In The Steppe Region (M'Sila, Algeria), Abdelmadjid Yagoub Asloum, Saliha Benhissen, Wafa Habbachi, Sarra Habbachi, Zakaria Hedjouli, Zihad Bouselama, Abdelkrim Tahraoui

Journal of Bioresource Management

Mosquitoes are important living organisms that participate in the different levels of food chains. However, many families include vector species capable to transmit viruses, bacteria and parasites to both humans and animals, threatening the public health. The goal of this work was to describe the biological diversity of mosquito species in different areas in M'sila; Algeria based on the ecological nature of their habitat. The breeding sites found were 18 distributed in five areas (Berhoum, Bou Saâda, El hamel, Hammam Dhalaa and M'sila). The inventory that was carried out from September to April every year from 2017 to 2019 has …

No Evidence That Salt Water Ingestion Kills Adult Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae), Donald A. Yee, Catherine Dean, Cameron Webb, Jennifer A. Henke, Gabriela Perezchica-Harvey, Gregory S. White, Ary Faraji, Joshua D. Macaluso, Rebecca Christofferson

Faculty Publications

Various products and insecticides are available that purport to reduce wild populations of adult mosquitoes. Recently, several manufacturers and general public comments on the internet have promoted devices that claim that ingestion of salt will significantly reduce populations of wild mosquitoes to near zero; there are no known scientific efficacy data that support these claims. We tested the survival of nine mosquito species of pest and public health importance across four adult diets: Water Only, Sugar Water Only (8.00%), Salt Water Only (1.03%), and Sugar + Salt Water. Species included the following: Aedes aegypti (L.), Aedes albopictus (Skuse), Aedes dorsalis …

Olfactory Behavioral Responses Of Mosquito Vectors To Select Attractants And Floral Scents As Related To Circadian Rhythms And Photoperiod Regimes, Bernadette A. Ferraro

Biomedical Sciences Theses & Dissertations

This dissertation discusses mosquito behavioral activities involving circadian rhythms defined as insect sensitivity to select of chemical volatiles that vary throughout the 24-hour day. Circannual rhythms occur over seasons varying in photoperiod, defined as the seasonal cycle of light and darkness. These cycles can be endogenously controlled by circadian clocks. The impetus for this research was initiated when reading about the neglected temporal dimension in the context of insect chemical ecology, including insect olfaction. It was proposed that sensitivity to odors does not change in general, but specific sensitivities could vary according to time of day. Chemical scents emitted by …

An Army Of One: Predaceous Diving Beetle Life History Stages Affect Interactions With Shared Mosquito Prey, Carmen E. Bofill, Donald A. Yee

Faculty Publications

Predators with complex life cycles often differ in their morphology, behavior, and trophic position across their ontogeny, and may thus have variable effects on shared prey. We used the predaceous diving beetle Laccophilus fasciatus rufus as our predator, whose larvae and adults often co-occur in freshwater lentic systems. As a shared prey we used early and late instar Culex quinquefasciatus, a common wetland mosquito. We found that single adult predators were more likely to consume late instar prey compared to juvenile predators, who ate early and late instar prey equally. A mixture of juvenile and adult predator stages led …

Susceptibility Of The Southern House Mosquito, Culex Quinquefasciatus, In East Baton Rouge Parish To Larval Insecticides, Nicholas Alexander Delisi

LSU Master's Theses

Mosquito control districts in Louisiana focus their efforts on Culex quinquefasciatus, the primary vector of West Nile virus in the southern United States, with rigorous larvicide treatments. However, the development of resistant populations of Cx. quinquefasciatus in response to extensive insecticide application has been demonstrated repeatedly. Examining changes in insecticide susceptibility and larvicide efficacy in real world scenarios can help inform mosquito control districts as to whether or not their treatments are killing mosquitoes. We hypothesized that frequent larvicide applications for the control of mosquitoes in East Baton Rouge Parish had lowered susceptibility of wild Cx. quinquefasciatus to insecticides, and …

Defining The Risk Of Zika And Chikungunya Virus Transmission In Human Population Centers Of The Eastern United States, Carrie A. Manore, Richard S. Ostfeld, Folashade B. Agusto, Holly Gaff, Shannon L. Ladeau

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

The recent spread of mosquito-transmitted viruses and associated disease to the Americas motivates a new, data-driven evaluation of risk in temperate population centers. Temperate regions are generally expected to pose low risk for significant mosquito-borne disease; however, the spread of the Asian tiger mosquito (Aedes albopictus) across densely populated urban areas has established a new landscape of risk. We use a model informed by field data to assess the conditions likely to facilitate local transmission of chikungunya and Zika viruses from an infected traveler to Ae. albopictus and then to other humans in USA cities with variable human …

The Ecological Succession Of Mosquitoes Inhabiting Waste Tires In A Subtropical Swamp And Upland Forest In Central West Florida, Emily Thuong Nguyen Dinh

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Literature has not yet seen a contribution involving the description of successional patterns of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) inhabiting discarded automobile tires in sylvan areas nor an investigation into the macro- and micro-environmental factors that may influence the seasonal shifts in species composition and abundance in that respective habitat. Waste tires in undeveloped forests are a hazard to human and animal health because they can support a population of vector mosquitoes. Locating productive waste tire mosquito habitats is problematic in wooded areas but is crucial for diminishing pathogen transfer in areas where humans have regular access to forests because of possible …

Design For Mosquito Abundance, Diversity, And Phenology Sampling Within The National Ecological Observatory Network, David Hoekman, Y. P. Springer, C. M. Barker, R. Barrera, M. S. Blackmore, W. E. Bradshaw, D. H. Foley, H. S. Ginsberg, M. H. Hayden, C. M. Holzapfel, Steven A. Juliano, L. D. Kramer, S. L. Ladeau, T. P. Livdahl, C. G. Moore, R. S. Nasci, W. K. Reisen, H. M. Savage

Faculty Publications – Biological Sciences

The National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) intends to monitor mosquito populations across its broad geographical range of sites because of their prevalence in food webs, sensitivity to abiotic factors, and relevance for human health. We describe the design of mosquito population sampling in the context of NEON's long-term continental scale monitoring program, emphasizing the sampling design schedule, priorities, and collection methods. Freely available NEON data and associated field and laboratory samples, will increase our understanding of how mosquito abundance, demography, diversity, and phenology are responding to land use and climate change.

Loss Of Glycosaminoglycan Receptor Binding After Mosquito Cell Passage Reduces Chikungunya Virus Infectivity, Amber M. Paul, Dhiraj Acharya, John F. Anderson, Faqing Huang, Fengwei Bai

Publications

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-transmitted alphavirus that can cause fever and chronic arthritis in humans. CHIKV that is generated in mosquito or mammalian cells differs in glycosylation patterns of viral proteins, which may affect its replication and virulence. Herein, we compare replication, pathogenicity, and receptor binding of CHIKV generated in Vero cells (mammal) or C6/36 cells (mosquito) through a single passage. We demonstrate that mosquito cell derived CHIKV (CHIKVmos) has slower replication than mammalian cell derived CHIKV (CHIKVvero), when tested in both human and murine cell lines. Consistent with this, CHIKVmos infection in both cell lines produce less cytopathic …

Spatial Heterogeneity, Host Movement And Mosquito-Borne Disease Transmission, Miguel A. Acevedo, Olivia Prosper, Kenneth Lopiano, Nick Ruktanonchai, T. Trevor Caughlin, Maia Martcheva, Craig W. Osenberg, David L. Smith

Dartmouth Scholarship

Mosquito-borne diseases are a global health priority disproportionately affecting low-income populations in tropical and sub-tropical countries. These pathogens live in mosquitoes and hosts that interact in spatially heterogeneous environments where hosts move between regions of varying transmission intensity. Although there is increasing interest in the implications of spatial processes for mosquito-borne disease dynamics, most of our understanding derives from models that assume spatially homogeneous transmission. Spatial variation in contact rates can influence transmission and the risk of epidemics, yet the interaction between spatial heterogeneity and movement of hosts remains relatively unexplored. Here we explore, analytically and through numerical simulations, how …

Effects Of Water Parameters On Container Mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) Oviposition And Performance, Stephanie Sue Schelble

Master's Theses

Water body parameters have a considerable effect on the communities that develop within them. In small container habitats like tires, the depth, surface area, and volume effect the development and success of the mosquito communities. This study investigated the choices of the adult female mosquitoes, Aedes albopictus and Culex quinquefasciatus, between different depths and surface areas. In addition, larval performance was determined under differing depth and larvae densities. Oviposition studies showed that Ae. albopictus had a preference for deeper habitats (χ²= 14.2902, p= 0.0139) but did not prefer any surface areas (χ²= 7.2321, p= 0.0649) though …

Cell Type-Dependent Rna Recombination Frequency In The Japanese Encephalitis Virus, Wei-Wei Chiang, Chingkai Chuang, Mei Chao, Wei-June Chen

Plant Pathology Faculty Publications

Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is one of approximately 70 flaviviruses, frequently causing symptoms involving the central nervous system. Mutations of its genomic RNA frequently occur during viral replication, which is believed to be a force contributing to viral evolution. Nevertheless, accumulating evidences show that some JEV strains may have actually arisen from RNA recombination between genetically different populations of the virus. We have demonstrated that RNA recombination in JEV occurs unequally in different cell types. In the present study, viral RNA fragments transfected into as well as viral RNAs synthesized in mosquito cells were shown not to be stable, especially …

The Fauna And Ecology Of Mosquito Larvae (Diptera: Culicidae) In Western Iran, Omid Banafshi, Mohammad Reza Abai, Hossein Ladonni, Hassan Bakhshi, Hadi Karami, Shahyad Azari Hamidian

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Ecological data are important in integrated vector management. There are few published documents about the ecology of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in western Iran. To study the fauna and ecology of the mosquito larvae of Kurdistan Province, the samples were collected by the dipping method during June-October 2005 and June-August 2006. Larval habitat characteristics were recorded according to habitat type, water conditions (stagnant or running, clear or turbid), water temperature, vegetation (with or without vegetation), and sunlight exposure (full or partial sunlight or shaded). A total of 2096 third- and fourth-instar larvae were collected. Four genera and 11 species were identified: …

An Epidemiological Model Of Rift Valley Fever With Spatial Dynamics, Tianchan Niu, Holly D. Gaff, Yiannis E. Papelis, David M. Hartley

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

As a category A agent in the Center for Disease Control bioterrorism list, Rift Valley fever (RVF) is considered a major threat to the United States (USA). Should the pathogen be intentionally or unintentionally introduced to the continental USA, there is tremendous potential for economic damages due to loss of livestock, trade restrictions, and subsequent food supply chain disruptions. We have incorporated the effects of space into a mathematical model of RVF in order to study the dynamics of the pathogen spread as affected by the movement of humans, livestock, and mosquitoes. The model accounts for the horizontal transmission of …

Enhancing Genome Investigations In The Mosquito Culex Quinquefasciatus Via Bac Library Construction And Characterization, Paul V. Hickner, Becky Debruyn, Diane D. Lovin, Akio Mori, Christopher Saski, David W. Severson

Publications

Background

Culex quinquefasciatus (Say) is a major species in the Culex pipiens complex and an important vector for several human pathogens including West Nile virus and parasitic filarial nematodes causing lymphatic filariasis. It is common throughout tropical and subtropical regions and is among the most geographically widespread mosquito species. Although the complete genome sequence is now available, additional genomic tools are needed to improve the sequence assembly.

Findings

We constructed a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library using the pIndigoBAC536 vector and HindIII partially digested DNA isolated from Cx. quinquefasciatus pupae, Johannesburg strain (NDJ). Insert size was estimated by Not …

Natural History Of Belonuchus Nordmann Spp. And Allies (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) In Heliconia L. (Zingiberales: Heliconiaceae) Flower Bracts, J. H. Frank, R. Barrera

Insecta Mundi

Adults, and in some species larvae, of several members of Belonuchus Nordmann (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylininae) and a few related genera seem to be to various degrees consistently associated with flower bracts of the genus Heliconia (Zingiberales: Heliconiaceae). They are predators and eat various dipterous and lepidopterous larvae in that habitat. Adults of at least Belonuchus cephalotes (Sharp) and Odontolinus fasciatus Sharp are able to immerse completely in water to capture larvae and/or pupae of mosquitoes (Culicidae).

Adults and larvae of Belonuchus satyrus Erichson, and adults of B. cacao Blackwelder and B. rufipennis (F.) were found in water-filled flower bracts of …

Surveillance Of Aedes Mosquitoes In A University Campus In Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Chen Chee Dhang

Chen Chee Dhang

Ovitrap surveillance was initiated for eight continuous weeks to determine the distribution and abundance of Aedes sp. mosquitoes in the University of Malaya campus, Kuala Lumpur and the impact of meteorological conditions on the Aedes populations. Two study areas within the campus were selected: Varsity Lake and Seventh Residential College. The abundance of Aedes populations in Varsity Lake was indicated by ovitrap index (OI) which ranged from 60.00% - 90.00%. The mean number of larvae per ovitrap, of Aedes albopictus in Varsity Lake ranged from 11.23 +/- 2.42 - 43.80 +/- 6.22. On the other hand, the outdoor OI for …

Response Of Adult Mosquitoes To Light-Emitting Diodes Placed In Resting Boxes And In The Field, Michael T. Bentley, Phillip E. Kaufman, Daniel L. Kline, Jerome A. Hogsette

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The response of adult mosquitoes to 4 light-emitting diode (LED) wavelengths was evaluated using diode-equipped sticky cards (DESCs) and diode-equipped resting boxes at 2 sites in north central Florida. Wavelengths evaluated were blue (470 nm), green (502 nm), red (660 nm), and infrared (IR) (860 nm). When trapping with DESCs, 15 mosquito species from 7 genera (Aedes, Anopheles, Coquillettidia, Culex, Mansonia, Psorophora, and Uranotaenia) were captured. Overall, approximately 43.8% of all mosquitoes were trapped on DESCs fitted with green LEDs. Significantly more females of Aedes infirmatus, Aedes vexans, and Culex nigripalpus were captured on DESCs fitted with blue …

Detritus Type Alters The Outcome Of Interspecific Competition Between Aedes Aegypti And Aedes Albopictus (Diptera : Culicidae), Ebony G. Murrell, Steven A. Juliano

Faculty Publications – Biological Sciences

Many studies of interspecific competition between Aedes albopictus (Skuse) and Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae) larvae show that Ae. albopictus are superior resource competitors to Ae. aegypti. Single-species studies indicate that growth and survival of Ae. albopictus and Ae. aegypti larvae are affected by the type of detritus present in containers, which presumably affects the amount and quality of microorganisms that the mosquito larvae consume. We tested whether different detritus types alter the intensity of larval competition by raising 10 different density/species combinations of Ae. albopictus and Ae. aegypti larvae under standard laboratory conditions, with one of four detritus types …

New And Old Mosquito Records For Extreme Southern Florida (Diptera: Culicidae), Lawrence J. Hribar

Insecta Mundi

New locality records for Culiseta inornata (Williston) are reported from Big Pine Key, Grassy Key, and No Name Key in Monroe County, Florida. Five specimens were collected in dry ice-baited light traps. An old, previously unrecognized record for Anopheles grabhamii Theobald from Miami, Dade County, Florida, is reported based on specimens found in the Florida State Collection of Arthropods.

Determination Of Organophosphate Resistance-Dependent Over-Produce Esterase Allel Type With Electrophoresis In The Malaria Vector Species Anopheles Sacharovi And Culex Pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae), Ümi̇t Lüleyap, Davut Alpteki̇n, Hali̇l Kasap, Mülki̇ye Kasap

Turkish Journal of Biology

In this study, over-produce esterase allele types dependent on organophosphate resistance in mosquitoes were determined by cellulose acetate gel electrophoresis in the human malaria vector species Anopheles sacharovi and Culex pipiens in Çukurova (Adana). We found A_2 and A_5 allele bands with some unknown and unidentified gel bands in some An. sacharovi field samples, of which some bands seemed to match with over-produce esterase. We identified A_2-B_2 allele types for all the Cx. pipiens samples collected in this study.

Genetics Of Interspecific Hybridization In The Triseriatus And Zoosophus Groups Of The Aedes (Protomacleaya) (Diptera: Culicidae)., David B. Taylor

David B. Taylor

Interspecific hybridization was used to examine the genetics of species divergence and phylogeny of mosquitoes in the Triseriatus and Zoosophus groups of Aedes (Protomacleaya). Aedes zoosophus Dyar & Knab exhibited a relatively high degree of reproductive compatibility with Triseriatus group species. Crosses between A. zoosophus and A. triseriatus (Say) produced fertile female and sterile, intersex, male progeny. Crosses between A. zoosophus females and A. brelandi Zavortink males were sterile with no egg embryonation observed. Crosses between A. zoosophus males and A. brelandi females and reciprocal crosses between A. zoosophus and A. hendersoni (Cockerell) produced sterile, intersex female and …

Genetic Compatibility Of Aedes (Protomacleaya) Triseriatus With A. (P.) Brelandi And A. (P.) Hendersoni (Diptera: Culicidae)., David B. Taylor

David B. Taylor

Interspecific hybridization was used to examine reproductive compatibility of Aedes (Protomacleaya) triseriatus (Say) with Aedes (P .) brelandi Zavortink and Aedes (P.) hendersoni Cockerell. Most male progeny were sterile intersexes when A. brelandi or A. hendersoni males were crossed with A. triseriatus females. Female hybrids, and males from the reciprocal crosses, were morphologically normal and fertile. Varying percentages of intersex males were observed among progeny when normal F₁ hybrids were crossed to either parental species or with other hybrids. Egg and female sterility resulting from a partial incompatibility between A. triseriatus cytoplasm and …

Unidirectional Reproductive Incompatibility Between Aedes (Protomacleaya) Brelandi And A. (P.) Hendersoni (Diptera: Culicidae)., David Taylor, George Craig

David B. Taylor

Forced mating was used to determine reproductive compatibility between two species in the Triseriatus Group of Aedes (Protomacleaya). In the cross between A. hendersoni Cockerell females and A. brelandi Zavortink males, only 7% of the females laid eggs that developed embryos. Furthermore, <5% of the eggs from single-female clutches in which one or more eggs did embryonate were fertile. In the reciprocal cross, A. brelandi females crossed to A. hendersoni males, 70% of the females laid fertile eggs and >80% of the eggs from those females became embryonated. Approximately 80% of the females were inseminated in both of the reciprocal crosses. No chromosomal abnormalities were observed in the hybrids. Incompatibility between the A. brelandi male genome and the A. …

Aquatic Insects Of Upper Three Runs Creek, Savannah River Plant, South Carolina. Part Ii: Diptera, John C. Morse, Jay W. Chapin, David D. Herlong, Ray S. Harvey

Publications

As discussed in detail in Part I of this series (Morse et al. 1980), aquatic insects were collected biweekly from six locations on Upper Three Runs Creek, Savannah River Plant near Aiken, South Carolina, from September 1976 through August 1977, using light traps and semi-quantitative benthic sampling methods. See part I (Morse et al. 1980) for site and habitat descriptions and for a discussion of the methods used. In that publication, faunistic results were provided for all insect taxa except Diptera and relative abundance data for all but Diptera and non-dryopoid Coleoptera.

Speciation In The Aedes Triseriatus Species Complex, David B. Taylor

David B Taylor

Interspecific hybridization was used to determine the genetic relationships between the four species of mosquitoes in the Triseriatus and Zoosophus groups of the aedine subgenus Protomacleaya (Diptera: Culicidae). Four factors were investigated: 1) fertility of intra- and interspecific crosses, 2) morphology of the interspecific hybrids and the genetic bases of morphological characters, 3) modes of postcopulatory reproductive isolation and 4) types of chromosomal changes occurring during and subsequent to the divergence of the species. Hybrid progeny were produced in 11 of the 12 possible crosses between the four species. Only the Aedes zoosophus female X A. brelandi male cross failed …

Speciation In The Aedes Triseriatus Species Complex., David B. Taylor

David B. Taylor

Interspecific hybridization was used to determine the genetic relationships between the four species of mosquitoes in the Triseriatus and Zoosophus groups of the aedine subgenus Protomacleaya (Diptera : Culicidae) . Four factors were investigated : 1) fertility of intra- and interspecific crosses, 2) morphology of the interspecific hybrids and the genetic bases of morphological characters, 3) modes of postcopulatory reproductive isolation and 4) types of chromosomal changes occurring during and subsequent to the divergence of the species .

Hybrid progeny were produced in 11 of the 12 possible crosses between the four species . Only the Aedes zoosophus female X …