Life Sciences Commons^™

Fungal Plant Pathogens Affecting Crops In The Lower Rio Grande Valley, Isabel Martinez

Theses and Dissertations

The Lower Rio Grande Valley (LRGV) located in South Texas has a subtropical and humid environment which is conducive for plant disease. In Chapter 1, Southern blight caused by Athelia rolfsii was collected from Edinburg, Texas in tomato and bean crops. The present study focused on assessing the role of temperature on growth and sclerotia production. We found that there is an optimal growing temperature for both hyphal growth and sclerotia production. In Chapter 2, red rot fungal disease was collected from sugarcane in Texas. Morphology, pathogenicity, effects of temperature, and biocontrol agents were assessed. Isolate morphology closely resembled Fusarium …

Editorial: Genetic Validation And Its Role In Crop Improvement, Ahmed Sallam, Ahmad M. Alqudah, P. Stephen Baenziger, Awais Rasheed

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Gene discovery for economically important traits has remained a challenging Frontier in crop genomics and breeding. The recent advances in DNA sequencing technologies and genetic analysis approaches paved the way for discovering many genes and hotspot genomic regions controlling target traits. The detection of novel genomic regions or candidate genes is very useful for plant breeders and geneticists to improve crops, dissect the genetics of complex traits, and understand the biological mechanisms of genes underpinning traits of interest. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) dominated recent crop gene discovery research. These studies are becoming routine activities …

2022 Western Kansas Agricultural Research Report

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Summary of research conducted at western Kansas research stations, including Hays, Garden City, Tribune, and Colby. Topics include corn, cropping and tillage systems, insect control, irrigation, management practices, weather, weed science, and wheat.

Biorenewable Energy: New Opportunities For Grassland Agriculture, Kenneth J. Moore, Steven L. Fales, Emily A. Heaton

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

No abstract provided.

Southwest Research-Extension Center Field Day 2021

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Report on agricultural research performed at the Southwest Research-Extension Center.

Plant Diseases Impacting Oaten Hay Production In Australia - A Review, Kylie Chambers, Geoff J. Thomas

Bulletins 4000 -

In Australia, there are a range of fungal, bacterial and viral pathogens that infect oats, impacting on yield and quality of grain and hay crops. The overall impact of these diseases on oaten hay production is not well researched or understood, especially compared to that of other cereal crops. Export hay is evaluated on physical qualities such as stem thickness and greenness and nutritional qualities including water-soluble carbohydrates, neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre and dry matter digestibility. The colour/ greenness of oaten hay can be reduced by disease lesions, chlorosis and saphrophytic fungi growing on dead tissue all of …

Legumes Of Forage Value: Their Diversity And Priority For Collection In India, E. Roshini Nayar, Anjula Panndey, K. Pradheep, Rita Gupta

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

Indian subcontinent is a megacentre of agro-diversity. Legumes have a special place with several native crops and economically important species occurring along forest margins and openings, pastures, grasslands and grazing lands. Several are dual-purpose species for food and feed. However, herbage legumes though major components of grasslands and with a major role in their quality and improvement lack persistence as compared to grasses and their collection, maintenance and conservation assumes importance in the wake of change and loss of habitats of native species and introduction of new germplasm with forage potential. Establishing the correct identity of species is therefore a …

Effects Of Nitrogen Fertilization And Bioenergy Crop Type On Topsoil Organic Carbon And Total Nitrogen Contents In Middle Tennessee Usa, Jianwei Li, Siyang Jian, Chad S. Lane, Yuehan Lu, Xiaorui He, Gangsheng Wang, Melanie A. Mayes, Kudjo E. Dzantor, Dafeng Hui

Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Faculty Research

Nitrogen (N) fertilization affects bioenergy crop growth and productivity and consequently carbon (C) and N contents in soil, it however remains unclear whether N fertilization and crop type individually or interactively influence soil organic carbon (SOC) and total N (TN). In a three-year long fertilization experiment in switchgrass (SG: Panicum virgatum L.) and gamagrass (GG: Tripsacum dactyloides L.) croplands in Middle Tennessee USA, soil samples (0–15cm) were collected in plots with no N input (NN), low N input (LN: 84 kg N ha-1 yr-1 in urea) and high N input (HN: 168 kg N ha-1 yr-1 in urea). Besides SOC …

Economic Contribution Of The Agricultural Sector To The Arkansas Economy In 2017, Leah English, Jennie Popp, Wayne Miller

Research Reports and Research Bulletins

Agriculture and associated agricultural activities are major contributors to the Arkansas economy. Agriculture is defined as the sum of agricultural production and processing activities, unless otherwise specified, and includes crop and animal production and processing, agricultural support industries, forestry and forest products, and textile goods. Agriculture contributes to the economy through direct agricultural production and value-added processing, and also leads to economic activity in other parts of the economy. This report is the eleventh in a series of reports examining agriculture’s economic contribution to the Arkansas economy. The total economic contribution of agriculture (direct, indirect, and induced effects) on value …

Southeast Research And Extension Center Agricultural Research 2019, L. W. Lomas

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Report on agricultural research performed at Southeast Research and Extension Center. Full book to view.

Crop Responses To Amisorb In The North Central Region, Sylvie Brouder, Robert Dowdy, Dave Franzen, Gary Hergert, Robert Hoeft, Maurice Horton, Keith Kelling, David Mengel, George Rehm, John Sawyer, Peter Scharf, Darryl Warnacke, David Whitney

John E. Sawyer

Originally used to prevent scale in boilers, carpramid or thermal polyaspartate (copoly[(3-carboxypropionamide)( 2-carboxylmethyl) acetamide)] was brought to agriculture under the trade names AmiSorb and Magnet. It claimed to increase nutrient uptake through artificially increasing the volume of soil occupied by roots through increased root branching and root hair development. Under controlled hydroponic or greenhouse conditions, the use of carpramid increased nutrient uptake, some yield determining factors such as wheat tillering and in some cases, crop yield. Extensive field testing from 1996 to 1998 under various nutrient regimes, placements, forms, and timings resulted in very inconsistent performance. Averaged across all experiments …

Dynamic Patterns Of Expression For Genes Regulating Cytokinin Metabolism And Signaling During Rice Inflorescence Development, Maria V. Yamburenko, Joseph J. Kieber, G. Eric Schaller

Dartmouth Scholarship

Inflorescence development in cereals, including such important crops as rice, maize, and wheat, directly affects grain number and size and is a key determinant of yield. Cytokinin regulates meristem size and activity and, as a result, has profound effects on inflorescence development and architecture. To clarify the role of cytokinin action in inflorescence development, we used the NanoString nCounter system to analyze gene expression in the early stages of rice panicle development, focusing on 67 genes involved in cytokinin biosynthesis, degradation, and signaling. Results point toward key members of these gene families involved in panicle development and indicate that the …

Seed Biology And Yield Of Grain Crops, Dennis B. Egli

Plant and Soil Sciences Faculty Book Gallery

Description from CABI (Centre for Agriculture and Biosciences International):

This new edition of an established title examines the determination of grain crop yield from a unique perspective, by concentrating on the influence of the seed itself. As the food supply for an expanding world population is based on grain crops harvested for their seeds, understanding the process of seed growth and its regulation is crucial to our efforts to increase production and meet the needs of that population. Yield of grain crops is determined by their assimilatory processes such as photosynthesis and the biosynthetic processes in the seed, which are …

Southwest Research-Extension Center Reports: Field Day 2017, R. Gillen

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Full report of agricultural research for 2017 for the Kansas Southwest Research-Extension Center. Field Day 2017.

East Central Kansas Experiment Field, Eric Adee

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The research program at the East Central Kansas Experiment Field is designed to keep area crop producers abreast of technological advances in agronomic agriculture. Specific objectives are to 1) identify top performing varieties and hybrids of wheat, corn, soybean, and grain sorghum; 2) establish the amount of tillage and crop residue cover needed for optimum crop production; 3) evaluate weed and disease control practices using chemical, no chemical, and combination methods; and 4) test fertilizer rates, timing, and application methods for agronomic proficiency and environmental stewardship.

Kansas River Valley Experiment Field, Eric Adee

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The Kansas River Valley Experiment Field was established to study management and effective use of irrigation resources for crop production in the Kansas River Valley (KRV). The Paramore Unit consists of 80 acres located 3.5 miles east of Silver Lake on U.S. Highway 24, then 1 mile south of Kiro, and 1.5 miles east on 17th street. The Rossville Unit consists of 80 acres located 1 mile east of Rossville or 4 miles west of Silver Lake on U.S. Highway 24.

Measuring Soil Electrical Conductivity To Delineate Zones Of Variability In Production Fields, Gretchen Sassenrath, S. Kulesza

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Production fields in southeast Kansas are highly variable. Differences in elevation and changes in soil texture contribute to unevenness in plant-available moisture and nutrients, resulting in significant inconsistencies in crop production and yield within a field. These variabilities complicate management and impact the return on investments from different areas of the field. Identification of the regions of variability is possible through several methods, including visual inspection, remote imagery, and yield maps. An additional method of assessing soil variability is by measuring the electrical conductivity of the soil. Measuring apparent electrical conductivity gives a map of the spatial distribution of soil …

Searc Agricultural Research 2017, L. W. Lomas

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Southeast Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research 2017. Topics include grazing and supplemental feed for beef cattle, forage, pasture, hay, grasses, legumes, tillage, fertilizer, corn, soybeans, wheat, and soil health and variability.

Farm Energy: Energy Consumption For Row Crop Production, H. Mark Hanna, John E. Sawyer, Dana Petersen

John E. Sawyer

This publication provides an overview of farm energy use related to corn and soybean production in Iowa. Three areas of row crop production--field operations, fertilizer and pesticide application, and artificial drying--are used to illustrate on-farm energy consumption.

Farm Energy: Energy Conservation In Corn Nitrogen Fertilization, John E. Sawyer, H. Mark Hanna, Dana Petersen

John E. Sawyer

Optimum corn yields require nitrogen fertilization in most crop rotations, but the energy consumed during the production of nitrogen fertilizer is considerable. Learn more about maximizing economic, environmental, and energy returns for nitrogen and other fertilizers.

Using Manure Nutrients For Crop Production, John E. Sawyer, Antonio P. Mallarino

John E. Sawyer

Manure has characteristics that make nutrient management different and sometimes more complicated than fertilizer. Find out about manure nutrient availability for crops, manure nutrient supply, manure nutrient application recommendations, adjusting for manure nitrogen volatilization, and more.

Nutrient Deficiencies And Application Injuries In Field Crops, John E. Sawyer

John E. Sawyer

Color photos and descriptions aid in identifying nutrient deficiencies and injury due to fertilizer in order to accurately diagnose symptoms for corn, soybeans, alfalfa, and winter wheat.

Sensing Nitrogen Stress In Corn, John E. Sawyer

John E. Sawyer

Water quality concerns and high N fertilizer prices have made more precise nitrogen management strategies important to improve efficiency and profitability. Get the details here.

Interpretation Of Soil Test Results, Antonio P. Mallarino, John E. Sawyer

John E. Sawyer

A detailed explanation on how to interpret soil test results to assist with soil nutrient recommendations.

Nitrogen Use In Iowa Corn Production, John E. Sawyer

John E. Sawyer

Nitrogen is essential for growth and reproduction of crops and is involved in many important plant biochemical processes. Nitrogen management is critical for optimal yields for corn production systems. This publication discusses long-term research done in Iowa and shows corn yields average about 60 bu/acre for continuous corn and 115 bu/acre for corn following soybean when corn is not fertilized. However, corn fertilized with N will easily yield 200 bu/acre or more. This means soil management and nitrogen fertilization practices, such as using economical optimum N rates, should be used to help optimize crop yields, use N efficiently, and enhance …

A General Guide For Crop Nutrient And Limestone Recommendations In Iowa, Antonio P. Mallarino, John E. Sawyer, Stephen K. Barnhart

John E. Sawyer

Find phosphorus and potassium recommendations, micronutrient recommendations, and limestone recommendations for soils.

Also find soil test procedures and categories.

Tillage And Nitrogen Placement Effects On Yields In A Short-Season Corn/Wheat/Double-Crop Soybean Rotation, D. W. Sweeney

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Conventional tillage resulted in greater corn yield in 2015 than with reduced tillage or no-till. A tillage × N fertilizer treatment interaction showed that N placement did not affect corn yield in conventional or reduced tillage systems, but subsurface knife N placement in no-till resulted in greater yield than when N was surface-applied.

Introduction To The Toxins Special Issue On Ergot Alkaloids, Christopher L. Schardl

Plant Pathology Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Responses Of Crop Water Use Efficiency To Climate Change And Agronomic Measures In The Semiarid Area Of Northern China, Jingting Zhang, Wei Ren, Pingli An, Zhihua Pan, Liwei Wang, Zhiqiang Dong, Di He, Jia Yang, Shufen Pan, Hanqin Tian

Plant and Soil Sciences Faculty Publications

It has long been concerned how crop water use efficiency (WUE) responds to climate change. Most of existing researches have emphasized the impact of single climate factor but have paid less attention to the effect of developed agronomic measures on crop WUE. Based on the long-term field observations/experiments data, we investigated the changing responses of crop WUE to climate variables (temperature and precipitation) and agronomic practices (fertilization and cropping patterns) in the semi-arid area of northern China (SAC) during two periods, 1983-1999 and 2000-2010 (drier and warmer). Our results suggest that crop WUE was an intrinsical system sensitive to climate …

Weed Dynamics During Transition To Conservation Agriculture In Western Kenya Maize Production, Judith A. Odhiambo, Urszula Norton, Dennis Ashilenje, Emmanuel C. Omondi, Jay B. Norton

Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Faculty Research

Weed competition is a significant problem in maize (Zea mays, L.) production in Sub-Saharan Africa. Better understanding of weed management and costs in maize intercropped with beans (Phaseolus vulgaris, L.) during transition to conservation agricultural systems is needed. Changes in weed population and maize growth were assessed for a period of three years at Bungoma where crops are grown twice per year and at Trans-Nzoia where crops are grown once per year. Treatments included three tillage practices: minimum (MT), no-till (NT) and conventional (CT) applied to three cropping systems: continuous maize/bean intercropping (TYPICAL), maize/bean intercropping with relayed mucuna after bean …