Life Sciences Commons^™

Maternal Vitamin And Mineral Supplementation And Rate Of Maternal Weight Gain Affects Placental Expression Of Energy Metabolism And Transport-Related Genes, Wellison J. S. Diniz, Lawrence P. Reynolds, Pawel P. Borowicz, Alison K. Ward, Kevin K. Sedivec, Kacie L. Mccarthy, Cierrah J. Kassetas, Friederike Baumgaertner, James D. Kirsch, Sheri T. Dorsam, Tammi L. Neville, J. Chris Forcherio, Ronald R. Scott, Joel S. Caton, Carl R. Dahlen

Department of Animal Science: Faculty Publications

Maternal nutrients are essential for proper fetal and placental development and function. However, the effects of vitamin and mineral supplementation under two rates of maternal weight gain on placental genome-wide gene expression have not been investigated so far. Furthermore, biological processes and pathways in the placenta that act in response to early maternal nutrition are yet to be elucidated. Herein, we examined the impact of maternal vitamin and mineral supplementation (from pre-breeding to day 83 post-breeding) and two rates of gain during the first 83 days of pregnancy on the gene expression of placental caruncles (CAR; maternal placenta) and cotyledons …

Bypassing Iron Storage In Endodermal Vacuoles Rescues The Iron Mobilization Defect In The Natural Resistance Associated-Macrophage Protein3natural Resistance Associated-Macrophage Protein4 Double Mutant, Viviane Mary, Magali Schnell Ramos, Cynthia Gillet, Amanda L. Socha, Jerome Giraudat, Astrid Agorio, Sylvain Merlot, Colin Clairet, Sun A. Kim, Tracy Punshon, Mary Lou Guerinot, Sebastien Thomine

Dartmouth Scholarship

To improve seed iron (Fe) content and bioavailability, it is crucial to decipher the mechanisms that control Fe storage during seed development. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seeds, most Fe is concentrated in insoluble precipitates, with phytate in the vacuoles of cells surrounding the vasculature of the embryo. NATURAL RESISTANCE ASSOCIATED-MACROPHAGE PROTEIN3 (AtNRAMP3) and AtNRAMP4 function redundantly in Fe retrieval from vacuoles during germination. When germinated under Fe-deficient conditions, development of the nramp3nramp4 double mutant is arrested as a consequence of impaired Fe mobilization. To identify novel genes involved in seed Fe homeostasis, we screened an …

Microtubule Severing At Crossover Sites By Katanin Generates Ordered Cortical Microtubule Arrays In Arabidopsis, Quan Zhang, Erica Fishel, Tyler Bertroche, Ram Dixit

Biology Faculty Publications & Presentations

Highlights

• Severing primarily depolymerizes the overlying CMT at crossover sites
• Severing probability increases nonlinearly with crossover time
• Katanin localizes to crossover sites and is required for severing
• Loss of katanin activity prevents the formation of coaligned CMT arrays

Summary
The noncentrosomal cortical microtubules (CMTs) of land plants form highly ordered parallel arrays that mediate cell morphogenesis by orienting cellulose deposition [1, 2 and 3]. Since new CMTs initiate from dispersed cortical sites at random orientations [4], parallel array organization is hypothesized to require selective pruning of CMTs that are not in the dominant orientation. Severing of CMTs at crossover sites …

A Subset Of Arabidopsis Ap2 Transcription Factors Mediates Cytokinin Responses In Concert With A Two-Component Pathway, Aaron M. Rashotte, Michael G. Mason, Claire E. Hutchison, Fernando J. Ferreira, G. Eric Schaller, Joseph J. Kieber

Dartmouth Scholarship

The plant hormone cytokinin regulates numerous growth and developmental processes. A signal transduction pathway for cytokinin has been elucidated that is similar to bacterial two-component phosphorelays. In Arabidopsis, this pathway is comprised of receptors that are similar to sensor histidine kinases, histidine-containing phosphotransfer proteins, and response regulators (ARRs). There are two classes of response regulators, the type-A ARRs, which act as negative regulators of cytokinin responses, and the type-B ARRs, which are transcription factors that play a positive role in mediating cytokinin-regulated gene expression. Here we show that several closely related members of the Arabidopsis AP2 gene family of …

Crop Updates 2002 - Oilseeds, David Eksteen, K. Neil Harker, George W. Clayton, Keith Downey, Keith Alcock, Kevin Walden, Beven Addison, Peter Carlton, Kevin Morthorpe, Stephen Addenbrooke, Alex Ford, S. Hasan Zaheer, G. Walton, Imma Farré, Paul Carmody, J. A. Fortescue, D. W. Turner, B. Tan, Margaret C. Campbell, Ian Pritchard, Richard W. Bell, K. Frost, Mike Wong, Ross Brennan, Roger Jones, Jenny Hawkes, Debbie Thackray, Moin U. Salam, Ravjit K. Khangura, Art J. Diggle, Martin Barbetti, Phil Michael, Françoise Berlandier, Chriatiaan Valentine, Greg Shea, Glen Riethmuller, Rafiul Alam, Greg Hamilton, Jo Hawksley, Patrick Smith, Paul Neve, Felicity Flugge, Amir Abadi, Stephen Powles, Brett Glencross, John Curnow, Wayne Hawkins

Crop Updates

This session covers twenty seven papers from different authors:

1. Forward and acknowledgements, Dave Eksteen, ACTING MANAGER OILSEEDS PRODUCTIVITY AND INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT Department of Agriculture

PLENARY SESSION

2. GMO canola - Track record in Canada, K. Neil Harker and George W. Clayton,Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research Centre, Lacombe, Alberta, R. Keith Downey, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon Research Centre, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan

3. GMO canola – Prospects in Western Australia farming systems, Keith Alcock, Crop Improvement Institute, Department of Agriculture

4. Diamondback moth (DBM) in canola, Kevin Walden, Department of Agriculture

CANOLA AGRONOMY

5. Getting the best out of …

Seed Microstructure And Its Relationship To Water Uptake In Isogenic Lines And A Cultivar Of Dry Beans (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.), George N. Agbo, George L. Hosfield, Mark A. Uebersax, Karen Klomparens

Food Structure

Comparisons using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were made among seeds of the isogenic bean strains, 'Nep - 2' and 'San Fernando' and 'Sanilac', a navy bean cultivar, to ascertain interrelationships between seed microstructure and water absorption characteristics. During a 90 min soaking period 1:1 (v /v) tap and distilled water, 'San Fernando' hydrated at the s lowest rate and imbibed water at only 60% and 78% of the percentages of water imbibed by 'Sanilac' and 'Nep-2', respec tively. Among the three bean genotypes, 'Sanilac' hydrated the most rapidly and imbibed the most water (5 2.9% ). 'Nep - 2' was …

Microstructure Of Lentil Seeds (Lens Culinaris), Joe S. Hughes, Barry G. Swanson

Food Structure

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to investigate the microstructure of five cultivars of lentil seeds (Lens culinaris). Lentil cot yledons contain sphericai starch granules surrounded by protein bodies similar to starch granules and protein bodies observed in cotyledons of other food legumes. Examination of the lentil seed coat in cross - section revealed outer palisade and inner parenchyma layers characteris tic of legumes. The subepidermal layer, however, is comprised of hourglass cells and is found primarily in the area surrounding the hilum and the entire lentil seed coat is thinner than the seed coat s of most other food …

Effect Of Environment On The Physical Structure Of The Peanut (Arachis Hypogaea L.), Clyde T. Young, William E. Schadel

Food Structure

Peanuts produced under the drought conditions of 1980 were marred by off-flavors when processed. Several phys ical characteri stics of these peanuts were noted to be related to these flavor problems. This paper deals with the investigation of these physical peculiarities using scanning electron microscopy. Major findings include previously unreported physical abnormalities such as: (1) tissue damage which appears as spotting on the outer surface of the cotyledon which is a result of cracking and fissuring; (2) tissue damage which appears as a narrow band along the inner face of the outer rounded surface and the flattened edge of the …