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Steam-Flaked Corn Diets Containing Combinations Of Wet Corn Gluten Feed And Alfalfa Hay: Effects On Diet Digestibility And Ruminal Characteristics, J.J. Sindt, Sean P. Montgomery, J.N. Pike, T.B. Farran, C.M. Coetzer, James J. Higgins, James S. Drouillard, Evan C. Titgemeyer
Steam-Flaked Corn Diets Containing Combinations Of Wet Corn Gluten Feed And Alfalfa Hay: Effects On Diet Digestibility And Ruminal Characteristics, J.J. Sindt, Sean P. Montgomery, J.N. Pike, T.B. Farran, C.M. Coetzer, James J. Higgins, James S. Drouillard, Evan C. Titgemeyer
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Twelve ruminally cannulated Jersey steers were used to measure digestibility and ruminal characteristics of steam-flaked corn based diets containing combinations of wet corn gluten feed (WCGF) and alfalfa hay (AH). Starch intake was lower (P<0.05), but neutral detergent fiber intake was higher (P<0.05) as AH and WCGF increased in the diet. Ruminal pH was increased by AH (linear, P<0.05) and tended (P<0.07) to increase with WCGF. Feeding higher levels of WCGF tended to increase passage rate (P=0.17) and decreased (P<0.05) total tract organic matter digestibility. Flaked corn diets containing at least 25% WCGF may contribute enough roughage to allow reduction of alfalfa hay levels.
Use Of Organic Acids For Control Of Clostridium Perfringens In Cooked Vacuum-Packaged Ground Beef Products Subjected To Substandard Cooling Procedures, J.R. Sabah, T. Harshavardhan, James L. Marsden, Daniel Y.C. Fung
Use Of Organic Acids For Control Of Clostridium Perfringens In Cooked Vacuum-Packaged Ground Beef Products Subjected To Substandard Cooling Procedures, J.R. Sabah, T. Harshavardhan, James L. Marsden, Daniel Y.C. Fung
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
This study determined the ability of Clostridium perfringens spores to germinate and grow after different organic acid treatments in vacuum packaged cooked ground beef subjected to substandard (slow) cooling. Meat samples were inoculated with a three-strain cocktail of C. perfringens spores (ATCC 10388, NCTC 8238, and NCTC 8239), then vacuum-packaged, cooked in a water bath to 167°F internal temperature, and held 20 min. The water bath temperature was then lowered to 130°F, and samples were cooled from 130°F to 45°F over 18 hr. Samples were taken after inoculation, after cooking, and after cooling. In the event of substandard cooling, sodium …
Prevalence Of Mycoplasma Bovis In Bovine Pneumonia And Arthritis, T. Yeary, Jerome C. Nietfeld
Prevalence Of Mycoplasma Bovis In Bovine Pneumonia And Arthritis, T. Yeary, Jerome C. Nietfeld
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Samples from cattle with pneumonia and/or arthritis were cultured for Mycoplasma. When requested, the Mycoplasma isolates were further identified to species by polymerase chain reaction or restriction fragment length polymorphism. The records of all cases where mycoplasma testing was performed were examined and other infectious agents known to cause pneumonia or arthritis were recorded. Mycoplasma species were isolated from 85% of the lung samples and 69% of the joint samples. Eighty-four percent of the 81 Mycoplasma isolates that were further identified were M. bovis, which clearly made it the most common pathogenic agent identified in samples from cattle with pneumonia …
Fertility Of Heifers After Synchronization Of Estrus Using Gnrh, Pgf2Α, And Progesterone (Cidr), A.M. Richardson, B.A. Hensley, T.J. Marple, Sandra K. Johnson, Jeffrey S. Stevenson
Fertility Of Heifers After Synchronization Of Estrus Using Gnrh, Pgf2Α, And Progesterone (Cidr), A.M. Richardson, B.A. Hensley, T.J. Marple, Sandra K. Johnson, Jeffrey S. Stevenson
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Our objectives were to determine fertility of heifers after estrus synchronization using PGF2αpreceded by either progesterone, GnRH, or both. Beef (n = 193) and dairy (n = 246) heifers were assigned randomly to three treatments: 1) 50 μg of GnRH and a used intravaginal progesterone-releasing insert were administered on day −7, followed by 25 mg of PGF2αon day −1, and CIDR removal on day 0 (CIDR + GnRH + PGF); 2) the same as 1) but without the GnRH (CIDR + PGF); and 3) the same as 1) but without the CIDR (GnRH + PGF; modified Select Synch). Rates of …
Alternative Replacement Heifer Investment Strategies, J. Fanning, T. Marsh, R. Jones
Alternative Replacement Heifer Investment Strategies, J. Fanning, T. Marsh, R. Jones
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
The effects of beef cow herd inventory management strategies on net income were evaluated in a historical simulation of a representative Kansas beef-cow herd. Constant inventory, counter-cyclical, and dollar-cost averaging strategies were compared to an optimal heifer replacement strategy. Results indicate that price and inventory signals can be used to time replacement heifer acquisition to improve profitability of the average Kansas producer.
Evaluation Of Performance In Receiving Heifers Fed Different Sources Of Dietary Lipid, T.B. Farran, H.J. Labrune, Sean P. Montgomery, J.J. Sindt, C.M. Coetzer, R.D. Hunter, James J. Higgins, James S. Drouillard, Dale A. Blasi
Evaluation Of Performance In Receiving Heifers Fed Different Sources Of Dietary Lipid, T.B. Farran, H.J. Labrune, Sean P. Montgomery, J.J. Sindt, C.M. Coetzer, R.D. Hunter, James J. Higgins, James S. Drouillard, Dale A. Blasi
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Two 35-day receiving experiments were conducted using 668 highly stressed crossbred beef heifers to evaluate differences in growth performance, morbidity, and mortality when fed diets containing differing sources of dietary lipid. Heifers received diets containing beef tallow, tallow enriched with a microalgae product containing a high proportion of docosahexaenoic acid (an omega-3 fatty acid), full-fat soybeans, or ground flaxseed. All diets contained approximately 60% concentrate and 40% roughage (alfalfa hay). Feed intake, daily gain, and feed efficiency were poorer (P<0.05) for cattle fed full-fat soybeans than for those fed the other treatments. Feed intake tended to be reduced when micro-algae was top-dressed to the diet, but gain was not negatively impacted. In Trial 2, feed efficiency was improved by the micro-algae. No notable differences among treatments were evident in the percentage of cattle treated for bovine respiratory disease, but cattle fed flaxseed tended to respond better to therapeutic treatments, requiring fewer retreatments.
Effect Of Hydrogen Peroxide On Protein Degradation Of Feather Meal, C.A. Löest, C.M. Coetzer, Evan C. Titgemeyer, James S. Drouillard
Effect Of Hydrogen Peroxide On Protein Degradation Of Feather Meal, C.A. Löest, C.M. Coetzer, Evan C. Titgemeyer, James S. Drouillard
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Protein degradation of feather meal treated with hydrogen peroxide was evaluated using the in situ bag technique. Bags containing untreated feather meal or feather meal treated with 1.4, 2.5, 2.7, 5.0, or 7.0% hydrogen peroxide (g/100 g feather meal, as fed basis) at various pH and times of heating (55oC) were suspended in the rumen of a cannulated steer for 12 hours. Protein degradabilities of feather meal treated with 2.5 and 2.7% peroxide were only 12 to 19% greater than untreated feather meal, but feather meal treated with 5% peroxide had protein degradabilities 56 to 67% greater than untreated feather …
Determining The Influence Of Different Levels Of Urea Supplementation When Beef Cows Grazing Winter Pasture Are Supplemented At Different Frequencies During The Prepartum Period, C.G. Farmer, R.C. Cochran, T.A. Wickersham
Determining The Influence Of Different Levels Of Urea Supplementation When Beef Cows Grazing Winter Pasture Are Supplemented At Different Frequencies During The Prepartum Period, C.G. Farmer, R.C. Cochran, T.A. Wickersham
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
One hundred sixty spring-calving Hereford x Angus cows grazing low-quality, tallgrass-prairie range during the winter of 2000-2001 were supplemented before calving either daily or three times weekly. The supplement contained 40% CP with 0, 15, 30, or 45% of the supplemental degradable intake protein from urea. Supplement was fed at 4 lbs/head daily to cows receiving supplement daily. Cows receiving supplement three times weekly were fed the same amount of weekly supplement, but split equally among their supplementation events. After calving, all cows received a supplement without urea on a daily basis. In general, prepartum supplements that contained more urea …
Seasonal Forage Quality Of Rangelands Across Kansas, Keith R. Harmoney, Sandra K. Johnson, R. Cochran, E. Vanzant, Jeffrey J. Wilson, D. Yauk, Michael S. Holder, B. Allen, Warren W. Bell, H. Jansonius
Seasonal Forage Quality Of Rangelands Across Kansas, Keith R. Harmoney, Sandra K. Johnson, R. Cochran, E. Vanzant, Jeffrey J. Wilson, D. Yauk, Michael S. Holder, B. Allen, Warren W. Bell, H. Jansonius
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
The K-State Research and Extension Forage Task Force surveyed Kansas rangelands during the course of seasonal changes to enable producers and managers to better estimate the feed value of their pasture forage during particular times of the year. Kansas' two distinct rangeland vegetation types, shortgrass and tallgrass prairie, were evaluated. Forage samples were collected monthly from two rangeland sites in each of 10 Kansas counties. Tallgrass vegetation was lowest in acid detergent fiber (ADF) and greatest in crude protein (CP) from May to July, and rapidly increased in ADF and declined in CP the rest of the season. Shortgrass vegetation …
Steam Based Post-Process Pasteurization Of Beef Salami For Control Of Listeria Monocytogenes, V.S. Gill, H. Thippareddi, Randall K. Phebus, James L. Marsden, Curtis L. Kastner
Steam Based Post-Process Pasteurization Of Beef Salami For Control Of Listeria Monocytogenes, V.S. Gill, H. Thippareddi, Randall K. Phebus, James L. Marsden, Curtis L. Kastner
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
We evaluated the destruction of Listeria monocytogenes on surfaces of artificially inoculated, vacuum-packaged beef salami by steam pasteurization (Stork RMA-Protecon Post-process Pasteurizer). Beef salami was inoculated with L. monocytogenes (initial concentrations of 4.36 log10 CFU/cm2 at the end and 4.49 at the middle), then pasteurized at 185, 194, or 203°F for 2 or 4 min. Only about 0.11 log10 CFU/cm2 (detection limit) L. monocytogenes survived after pasteurization at 203°F for 2 and 4 min, for a "kill rate" of over 99.99%. Post-packaging pasteurization reduces the threat of L. monocytogenes on the surfaces of cooked meat products.
The Effect Of Dakota Gold®-Brand Dried Distiller’S Grains With Solubles Of Varying Levels On Sensory And Color Characteristics Of Ribeye Steaks, C.M. Gordon, K.A. Hachmeister, James J. Higgins, A.L. Reicks, James S. Drouillard, Randall K. Phebus, Michael E. Dikeman
The Effect Of Dakota Gold®-Brand Dried Distiller’S Grains With Solubles Of Varying Levels On Sensory And Color Characteristics Of Ribeye Steaks, C.M. Gordon, K.A. Hachmeister, James J. Higgins, A.L. Reicks, James S. Drouillard, Randall K. Phebus, Michael E. Dikeman
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
We evaluated the effect of varying levels of Dakota Gold-brand dried distiller's grains with solubles (DDGS) on meat quality characteristics including sensory traits and display color stability. Rib cuts from heifers from a 153-day feeding trial were selected randomly so that each level of DDGS had 10 steaks in a seven-day retail display color study, and 10 steaks that were cooked for evaluation by a trained sensory panel. Color reflectance value L* (lightness) exhibited an interaction (P<0.05) between diet and day, as well as a quadratic effect (P<0.05). Diet had no effect on a* (redness) or b* (yellowness) values, but a* and b* for all treatments decreased with longer display (P<0.05). A trained sensory panel detected small but significant (P<0.05) linear improvements in myofibrillar tenderness and overall tenderness as DDGS increased. The effect on sensory traits or display color stability were too small to warrant the feeding of DDGS to improve these traits.
A Study Of The Chemical And Microbial Changes In Whole-Plant Corn Silage During Exposure To Air: Effects Of A Biological Additive And Sealing Technique, M.E. Uriarte-Archundia, K.K. Bolsen, B.E. Brent
A Study Of The Chemical And Microbial Changes In Whole-Plant Corn Silage During Exposure To Air: Effects Of A Biological Additive And Sealing Technique, M.E. Uriarte-Archundia, K.K. Bolsen, B.E. Brent
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
The objectives of this study with whole-plant corn silage were to determine the effects of a biological additive and sealing technique on yeast and mold populations; and to examine the relationship between the microbial and chemical changes in the silages during exposure to air. Whole-plant corn was harvested at 80% milkline (36% DM), and ensiled at a density of 35 lb of fresh matter/ft3. Half of the pre-ensiled forage was treated with a biological additive (A) (Sil-All 4x4, Alltech, Inc.); the other half of the pre-ensiled forage was the untreated control (C). Half of the silos in the A and …
Microbial Flora Of Commercially Produced Vacuum Packaged, Cooked Beef Roast, R.J. Danler, H. Thippareddi, Elizabeth A.E. Boyle, Randall K. Phebus, Daniel Y.C. Fung, Curtis L. Kastner
Microbial Flora Of Commercially Produced Vacuum Packaged, Cooked Beef Roast, R.J. Danler, H. Thippareddi, Elizabeth A.E. Boyle, Randall K. Phebus, Daniel Y.C. Fung, Curtis L. Kastner
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Commercially produced vacuum packaged, fully cooked, microwaveable beef roasts from four producers were purchased from local retail markets. Salt concentration, pH, water activity (aw), and percent moisture, fat and protein were determined. Samples of both package juice and homogenized beef plus juice were analyzed for the presence of aerobic, anaerobic and lactic acid bacteria and clostridia-type organisms. The cooked beef products had pH values from 5.82 to 6.19, water activity of 0.992 to 0.997, and contained 0.34 to 1.07% salt, 61.89 to 72.39% moisture, 4.29 to 18.21% fat and 15.92 to 20.62% protein. No growth was detected in juice for …
Impacts Of Food Safety On Beef Demand, T.L. Marsh, N.E. Piggott
Impacts Of Food Safety On Beef Demand, T.L. Marsh, N.E. Piggott
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
This study investigates whether food safety incidents involving beef, pork, and poultry, and the accompanying publicity have impacted United States meat demand. Beef demand is modeled as a function of beef prices, competing meat prices, meat expenditures, and food safety. Food safety indices are constructed separately for beef, pork, and poultry. Statistical tests reveal significant effects of food safety incidents on beef demand. The effect of an additional beef food safety incident on beef demand is negative, implying a detrimental impact on beef consumption. Spillover effects of pork and poultry safety incidents are positive and improve beef demand, revealing substitution …
Effects Of Freezing And Location Within The Beef Longissimus Muscle (Strip Loin Steak) On Tenderness, R.R. Timm, John A. Unruh, Michael E. Dikeman, Melvin C. Hunt, John E. Boyer, James L. Marsden
Effects Of Freezing And Location Within The Beef Longissimus Muscle (Strip Loin Steak) On Tenderness, R.R. Timm, John A. Unruh, Michael E. Dikeman, Melvin C. Hunt, John E. Boyer, James L. Marsden
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Twenty-four USDA Select strip loins (IMPS 180) were aged (32°F) until 14 days postmortem and fabricated into longissimus muscle (strip loin) steaks (1-in. thick). Then, steaks were either cooked or stored at −20°F for an additional 17 days before they were thawed and cooked. Cores and sensory panel samples were removed from the medial, center, and lateral sections of each steak and locational identify maintained. In addition, a random composite of cubes from an entire steak was used for a sensory panel evaluation. Previously frozen steaks had lower Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) values, less cooking loss, and a shorter cooking …
Mechanical Force Measures On Uncooked Beef Longissimus Muscle Can Predict Tenderness Of Strip Loin Steaks, R.R. Timm, John A. Unruh, Michael E. Dikeman, M.C. Hunt, T.E. Lawrence, John E. Boyer, James L. Marsden
Mechanical Force Measures On Uncooked Beef Longissimus Muscle Can Predict Tenderness Of Strip Loin Steaks, R.R. Timm, John A. Unruh, Michael E. Dikeman, M.C. Hunt, T.E. Lawrence, John E. Boyer, James L. Marsden
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
We investigated mechanical force measurements on uncooked longissimus muscle as a means to predict Warner- Bratzler shear force (WBSF) and trained sensory panel tenderness (SPT) of cooked strip loin steaks. Uncooked steaks from 24 USDA Select strip loins (IMPS 180) were evaluated at 2 and 14 days postmortem using plumb bob and needle probe devices attached to an Instron Universal Testing Machine. Cooked steaks aged 14 days were then evaluated for WBSF and SPT. Regression models to predict SPT from needle probe and plumb bob measurements individually taken at 2 days postmortem had R2 of 0.54 and 0.51, respectively. Combining …
Surface Roughening During Slicing Reduces Iridescence, T.E. Lawrence, Melvin C. Hunt, Donald H. Kropf
Surface Roughening During Slicing Reduces Iridescence, T.E. Lawrence, Melvin C. Hunt, Donald H. Kropf
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
We evaluated surface roughening during slicing as a way to decrease iridescence of pre-cooked cured beef bottom round, inside round, and eye of round roasts. Using a textured slicing blade surface decreased iridescence intensity and the area of iridescence compared to the control (smooth surface). Iridescence intensity and percentage of iridescent area was greatest in the eye of round, followed by the inside bottom round. Iridescence (both intensity and percentage of area) in sliced meat products can be reduced by using a meat-slicing blade with a textured face.
Myofibrillar Structural Changes Caused By Marination With Calcium Phosphate Or Calcium Chloride And Sodium Pyrophosphate, T.E. Lawrence, A.T. Waylan, Curtis L. Kastner
Myofibrillar Structural Changes Caused By Marination With Calcium Phosphate Or Calcium Chloride And Sodium Pyrophosphate, T.E. Lawrence, A.T. Waylan, Curtis L. Kastner
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Ultrastructural changes were studied in beef eye of round muscle after 120 hours marination in 0.5, 0.75, or 1.0% calcium phosphate (CaPO) or 2, 4, or 6% calcium chloride or 1% sodium pyrophosphate (CaCl+NaPO) solutions. Increasing the concentration of CaPO caused decreasing myofibril width and increasing myofilament degradation. Increasing the concentration of CaCl+NaPO caused increasing loss of I-band material. Marination of beef eye of round muscle in calcium phosphate or calcium chloride + sodium pyrophosphate solutions caused denaturation of myofibrillar proteins likely due to marinating solution acidity.
Maximizing Desirable Ground Beef Color With Cold Storage And Display Temperatures, R.A. Mancini, Melvin C. Hunt, Donald H. Kropf, K.A. Hachmeister, D.E. Johnson, John A. Fox
Maximizing Desirable Ground Beef Color With Cold Storage And Display Temperatures, R.A. Mancini, Melvin C. Hunt, Donald H. Kropf, K.A. Hachmeister, D.E. Johnson, John A. Fox
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
This study evaluated the combined effects of storage temperature, storage time, display temperature, display time, and fat level on ground beef color. Storage at 32°F minimized discoloration during display compared to storage at 40° and 48°F. Storage up to 12 days at 32°F did not affect ground beef color stability, whereas prolonged storage at 40° and 48°F increased discoloration dramatically. When storage was at 32°F, sales loss was 0.4%, compared to 62% at 48°F. Fat level did not influence discoloration. The use of 32°F during storage and display is essential for maximizing ground beef color life.
Effect Of Legume Persistence In Endophyte-Infected Tall Fescue Pastures On Forage Production And Steer Performance, Lyle W. Lomas, Joseph L. Moyer, Gary L. Kilgore
Effect Of Legume Persistence In Endophyte-Infected Tall Fescue Pastures On Forage Production And Steer Performance, Lyle W. Lomas, Joseph L. Moyer, Gary L. Kilgore
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
A total of 135 steers grazed high-endophyte tall fescue pasture in 1998, 1999, and 2000 that had been previously interseeded with either lespedeza, red clover, or ladino clover during 1995, 1996, and 1997. Legume cover, forage dry matter production, grazing steer performance, and subsequent feedlot performance were measured. Pastures interseeded with ladino clover produced higher stocker gains in 1998 and more available forage and legume cover in all 3 years than those interseeded with lespedeza or red clover. Legume treatment had little effect on subsequent finishing performance. Results of this study indicate that lespedeza and red clover should be seeded …
Effect Of Glycine Supplementation On Sulfur Amino Acid Use In Growing Cattle, B.D. Lambert, C.A. Löest, Evan C. Titgemeyer
Effect Of Glycine Supplementation On Sulfur Amino Acid Use In Growing Cattle, B.D. Lambert, C.A. Löest, Evan C. Titgemeyer
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Previous research has suggested the possibility that the supply of glycine, a nonessential amino acid, might affect how efficiently cattle use methionine. This study was conducted to determine the role of glycine on methionine utilization in growing steers as well as how glycine might impact utilization of cysteine, an amino acid produced in the body from methionine. In Exp. 1, treatments were abomasal infusion of 2 or 5 g/day L-methionine and 0 or 50 g/day glycine in a factorial arrangement. Efficiency of methionine use was 27% in the absence of supplemental glycine, but 66% in its presence. Glycine supplementation by …
Immune Response In Feeder Cattle Fed Different Sources Of Dietary Lipid, T.B. Farran, M.F. Spire, J.J. Sindt, Sean P. Montgomery, C.M. Coetzer, H.J. Labrune, J. Ernest Minton, James J. Higgins, T.H. Elsasser, James S. Drouillard
Immune Response In Feeder Cattle Fed Different Sources Of Dietary Lipid, T.B. Farran, M.F. Spire, J.J. Sindt, Sean P. Montgomery, C.M. Coetzer, H.J. Labrune, J. Ernest Minton, James J. Higgins, T.H. Elsasser, James S. Drouillard
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Two studies were conducted utilizing crossbred beef steers to evaluate immune response following endotoxin challenge. In Trial 1 steers (n = 20; 688 lb BW) were fed diets containing rolled full-fat soybeans (SOY) or tallow (TALLOW). In Trial 2, steers (n=18; 780 lb BW) were fed diets containing TALLOW, flaxseed (FLAX), or a micro-algae (ALGAE) top-dressed to the TALLOW diet. Both FLAX and ALGAE were sources of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. In both trials, diets were fed for a 14-day acclimation period prior to intravenous injection of a bacterial lipopolysaccharide(LPS) endotoxin. Injection of LPS in Trial 1 resulted in higher …
Dakota Gold®-Brand Dried Distiller’S Grains With Solubles: Effects On Finishing Performance And Carcass Characteristics, C.M. Gordon, J. Gosch, J.J. Sindt, Sean P. Montgomery, J.N. Pike, T.J. Kessen, M.J. Sulpizio, M.F. Spire, James J. Higgins, James S. Drouillard
Dakota Gold®-Brand Dried Distiller’S Grains With Solubles: Effects On Finishing Performance And Carcass Characteristics, C.M. Gordon, J. Gosch, J.J. Sindt, Sean P. Montgomery, J.N. Pike, T.J. Kessen, M.J. Sulpizio, M.F. Spire, James J. Higgins, James S. Drouillard
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
A 153-day trial was conducted using 345 heifers to determine optimal level of Dakota Gold dried distiller's grains with solubles (DDGS) in finishing diets based on steam-flaked corn. Diets contained six levels of DDGS: 0%, 15%, 30%, 45%, 60%, and 75%. DDGS affected average daily gain, final weight and hot carcass weight, all of which increased with 15% DDGS and then decreased as additional DDGS was added. Growth performance of heifers fed 30% DDGS was similar to those fed no DDGS. In general, heifers were overfinished, with 61% being Yield Grade 3 or greater and 83% grading Choice or Prime. …
Will Blade Tenderization Decrease Iridescence In Cooked Beef Semitendinosus Muscle?, E. Obuz, Donald H. Kropf
Will Blade Tenderization Decrease Iridescence In Cooked Beef Semitendinosus Muscle?, E. Obuz, Donald H. Kropf
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Ten beef semitendinosus muscles were divided into three sections, which were randomly assigned to one of three blade tenderization treatments (control-zero, one, or two times). Blade-tenderized muscles were cooked in a forced-air convection oven at 325° to 145°F and held for 1 min. Cooked muscles were chilled overnight at 38°F and sliced by a sharp knife. Panelists (n=19) evaluated iridescence intensity on a five-point scale (0=no iridescence, 5=very strong) and extent of iridescence (0=no iridescence, 5=81-100% affected area). Blade tenderization decreased (P<0.05) iridescence intensity from 2.37 to 2.02 and extent of iridescence from 2.18 to 1.83 (control zero vs. two passes). Cooking loss increased (P<0.05) with blade tenderization (30.4% control, 32.6% one pass, 33.7% two passes). Blade tenderization has a moderate effect on reducing iridescence.
Effects Of Weather On Average Daily Gain And Profitability, D.R. Mark, Ted C. Schroeder
Effects Of Weather On Average Daily Gain And Profitability, D.R. Mark, Ted C. Schroeder
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
The effect of several weather conditions on average daily gain (ADG) and profits is quantified for typical steers and heifers fed in commercial feedyards in Western Kansas from 1980 to 1999. ADG predictions for particular pens of cattle are often used to plan marketing dates and calculate breakeven purchase prices. Weather is known to influence cattle performance, and expected weather conditions can be used to improve ADG predictions. Effects on ADG and profits from combinations of, and interactions between, temperature, precipitation, humidity, and wind speed were analyzed. The influence of these weather conditions was allowed to differ by sex, placement …
Dakota Gold®-Brand Dried Distiller’S Grains With Solubles In Finishing Cattle Diets: A Preharvest Strategy Against Acid Resistant Escherichia Coli And Coliforms?, C.M. Gordon, H. Thippareddi, D.L. Lambert, K. Kerr, N. Pike, J.J. Sindt, James J. Higgins, Randall K. Phebus, James S. Drouillard
Dakota Gold®-Brand Dried Distiller’S Grains With Solubles In Finishing Cattle Diets: A Preharvest Strategy Against Acid Resistant Escherichia Coli And Coliforms?, C.M. Gordon, H. Thippareddi, D.L. Lambert, K. Kerr, N. Pike, J.J. Sindt, James J. Higgins, Randall K. Phebus, James S. Drouillard
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Trial 1. Finishing beef heifers (345 head) were used in a 153-day finishing trial to evaluate the effects of feeding six levels of Dakota Gold®-brand dried distiller's grains with solubles (DDGS): 0%, 15%, 30%, 45%, 60%, 75% (dry basis), on the number of acid resistant E. coli and coliforms. Fecal grab samples were taken on day 65 and day 100, 2 and 20 hours after feeding, and were analyzed for acid resistant E. coli and total coliforms, as well as pH and VFA. There was a significant linear increase in fecal pH with increased DDGS at both 2 and 20 …
Effects Of Cold Shortening And Cooking Rate On Beef Tenderness, D.A. King, T.L. Wheeler, M. Koohmaraie, Michael E. Dikeman, Curtis L. Kastner
Effects Of Cold Shortening And Cooking Rate On Beef Tenderness, D.A. King, T.L. Wheeler, M. Koohmaraie, Michael E. Dikeman, Curtis L. Kastner
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
A study was conducted to determine if excised, cold-shortened muscle improves in tenderness with refrigerated aging. Changes in muscle tenderness due to cooking rates were also evaluated. Beef ribeye and shoulder clod muscles from the left side of 12 carcasses were removed 45 min postmortem and placed in an ice bath to induce cold shortening. Corresponding muscles from the right side were chilled conventionally on the intact side. One-inch steaks from these muscles were either frozen at 24 hours or aged for 14 days at 40ºF before being cooked and analyzed. Steaks were analyzed raw, or cooked to 160ºF internally …
Effects Of Injection Marination With Various Calcium Sources And Molar Concentrations On Display Color Life, Tenderness, And Microbial Inhibition Of Beef Loin Steaks, T.E. Lawrence, Melvin C. Hunt, Michael E. Dikeman, Curtis L. Kastner, James L. Marsden
Effects Of Injection Marination With Various Calcium Sources And Molar Concentrations On Display Color Life, Tenderness, And Microbial Inhibition Of Beef Loin Steaks, T.E. Lawrence, Melvin C. Hunt, Michael E. Dikeman, Curtis L. Kastner, James L. Marsden
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Beef strip loins were assigned to one of 11 treatments that included injection marination (10% by weight) with three calcium salts at three molar concentrations, a distilled water control, and a non-marinated control. The effects of calcium salt and concentration were tested for retail display color life, tenderness and sensory traits, and microbial growth. Calcium lactate marinated steaks had longer color life and less microbial growth than those treated with calcium chloride or calcium ascorbate. Increasing molar concentration (.1M to .2M to .3M) caused faster color deterioration, and did not significantly improve microbial inhibition. All calcium treatments improved tenderness; however, …
Efficiency Differences In Kansas Beef Cow-Calf Production, L. Stryker, R. Jones, M. Langmeier
Efficiency Differences In Kansas Beef Cow-Calf Production, L. Stryker, R. Jones, M. Langmeier
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
For the beef industry to be economically competitive with other meat industries, it is essential that individual producers strive for the most efficient, highest quality, least cost production possible. A sample of 26 Kansas beef cow-calf enterprises from the Kansas Standardized Performance Analysis database (SPA) was used to measure efficiency differences among producers, as well as factors contributing toward these differences. On average, farms were 86% technical, 69% economic, and 58% overall efficient. Thus, our results suggest that output could be increased by 14% with optimal technology use, and cost could be decreased by 42% if farms were fully economically …
Effects Of Melengestrol Acetate (Mga) On Performance And Carcass Quality Of Feedlot Heifers, J.T. Fox, M.F. Spire, T.J. Kessen, M.J. Sulpizio, James S. Drouillard
Effects Of Melengestrol Acetate (Mga) On Performance And Carcass Quality Of Feedlot Heifers, J.T. Fox, M.F. Spire, T.J. Kessen, M.J. Sulpizio, James S. Drouillard
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Sixty yearling heifers (827 lb initial body weight) were fed finishing diets an average of 95 days. To eliminate social interaction and riding, they were fed in individual pens. Diets were formulated using steam-flaked corn and alfalfa hay. Thirty of the heifers were given 0.5 mg/head daily of MGA. Feed intakes, daily gains, and feed efficiencies were not significantly affected by MGA. However, heifers fed MGA had a greater percentage of carcasses grading USDA Prime and Choice. There also was greater incidence of USDA yield grade 3 and 4 carcasses with MGA supplementation. MGA generally increased fat deposition, but had …