Life Sciences Commons^™

Comparing Effects Of Atrazine Exposure On Neuroendocrine Molecular Targets At Two Developmental Exposure Periods In The Zebrafish, Jenna Swihart

The Journal of Purdue Undergraduate Research

No abstract provided.

Impact Of Eastern Redcedar Encroachment On Water Resources In The Nebraska Sandhills, Yaser Kishawi, Aaron R. Mittelstet, Troy E. Gilmore, Dirac Twidwell, Tirthankar Roy, Nawaraj Shrestha

Biological Systems Engineering: Papers and Publications

Worldwide, tree or shrub dominated woodlands have encroached into herbaceous dominated grasslands. While very few studies have evaluated the impact of Eastern Redcedar (redcedar) encroachment on the water budget, none have analyzed the impact on water quality. In this study, we evaluated the impact of redcedar encroachment on the water budget in the Nebraska Sand Hills and how the decreased streamflow would increase nitrate and atrazine concentrations in the Platte River. We calibrated a Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT model) for streamflow, recharge, and evapotranspiration. Using a moving window with a dilate morphological filter, encroachment scenarios of 11.9%, 16.1%, …

Behavioral Alterations Following Exposure To A Mixture Of Lead And Atrazine During Early Development In The Zebrafish Model System, Anusha Kv Lakshmi Dharmavathi

The Journal of Purdue Undergraduate Research

Lead (Pb) and atrazine (ATZ) are hazardous environmental toxicants that can exist as a mixture in potable water. Numerous single chemical studies on Pb and ATZ support adverse health outcomes, including neurotoxicity, but mixture studies are limited. Th e aim of this study is to test the hypothesis that Pb and ATZ mixtures result in a greater than additive toxicity, causing increased adverse health outcomes than single chemical exposures. Th e zebrafish model system was exposed to 3 or 30 ppb (µg/L) ATZ, 10 ppb (equivalent to 0.1 µg/dL) or 100 ppb Pb, along with mixtures of each beginning at …

Save The Frogs, Mackenzie Johnson, Alison Bohlen, Andie Ellis, Ryan Pinto

Student Work

The species Xenopus laevis is native to sub saharan Africa, but ever since its discovery in effectiveness in pregnancy tests, the frog now lives invasively around the world. Today the Xenopus Laevis is used mostly in laboratories as a model organism for studying developmental biology (Willigan 2001). The commercialized herbicide Atrazine, has been found to interact with this model organism species in an odd way you might not have guessed (Sanders 2010). Atrazine is primarily absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract and has been shown to have neuroendocrine, reproductive, and developmental effects on experimental animals such as Xenopus laevis (ATSDR 2004). …

Atrazine Levels In Rural Nebraska Counties And Parkinson's Disease, Muhammad Zahid

Capstone Experience

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a multifactorial disorder, connecting both genetic susceptibility and environmental risk factors. Several epidemiological and experimental studies support the evidence that pesticides exposure is positively associated with enhancing neurodegenerative diseases. The high amount of atrazine used in Nebraska and increased PD cases led us to evaluate the association between the long-lived water-soluble pesticide atrazine and PD in Nebraska counties. A person's exposure to atrazine may come from inhalation, dermal absorption, and ingestion. Three types of atrazine data covering 1992 to 2017 were used for this study: applied atrazine, atrazine in surface water, and atrazine in groundwater. In …

No Common Pesticides Detected In Snow Buntings Utilizing A Farmland Landscape In Eastern Québec, Emily Cornelius Ruhs, Oliver P. Love, Louis Drainville, François Vézina

Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research Publications

Many species of migratory birds are declining worldwide, including throughout North America. Some of the most cited causes of decline are linked to climate change, urbanization, and growth in agriculture. Across eastern Canada, a number of insecticides and herbicides are commonly sprayed before and during the grain growing season to control pests and foliage competitors. During wintering and migration, a declining Arctic-breeding songbird, the snow bunting (Plectrophenax nivalis), utilizes open farmlands of southern Canada; therefore, this could be a period when the species is most exposed to these pesticides. We tested snow bunting tissues (blood and liver) for the 4 …

Production And Characterization Of Twelve Different Biochars And Evaluating Their Effects On Soil Health And Plant Growth, Shagufta Gaffar

FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Biochar has been a topic of growing interest in the scientific community. It is a product derived from carbon rich organic materials through the process of pyrolysis. It has received wide attention as a means to improve soil fertility and crop productivity, absorb pollutants in soil, and sequester carbon to mitigate climate change. Recent research on biochar explores its impacts on the environment with particular focus on use as a soil amendment in agriculture. Biochar produced from different biomass and under different production process effects the environmental and agronomic impacts of its application in different ways. This means biochar can …

Innovative Approaches For The Photocatalyticdegradation Of Pesticides, Loubna Youssef Faculty Of Science,, Houssam El-Rassy Assistant Professor, Department Of Chemistry, Faculty Of Science, Ghassan Younes Professor, Department Of Chemistry, Faculty Of Science, Rami Al- Oweini American University In Beirut, Lebanon

BAU Journal - Health and Wellbeing

Mono- and tri-vanadium-substituted Keggin-type heteropolyoxoanions [SiW12O40]4- and[PW12O40] 4- were evaluated as photocatalysts for the photodegradation of three hazardous food pesticides: Atrazine, Chlorpyrifos and Dieldrin. Kinetic experiments were performed under UV irradiation at 254nm. The degradation of each pesticide was assessed by investigating its disappearance with time using High Performance Liquid Chromatography c o n n e c t e d to an Ultra-Violet s p e c t r o p h o t ome t e r d e t e c t o r (HPLC-UV). The photocatalytic degradation of the three pesticides exhibited first order kinetics. It was …

Effects Of The Herbicide Atrazine On Members Of The Freshwater Genus Hydra, James Dal Santo

Biology: Student Scholarship & Creative Works

Atrazine is a commercially available herbicide with known effects on the hormone levels in frogs and several other organisms. This effect has not been significantly studied in invertebrates, even though observing invertebrate levels represent a very common assay the health of a freshwater ecosystem. To study the effects of atrazine in invertebrates, hydra were subjected to environmental (10 μg/L) and high (400 μg/L) concentrations of atrazine and observed for changes in fertility and reproduction over a period of four weeks. No significant changes in fertility or reproduction were found at high concentrations, and environmental concentration testing is currently in progress, …

Herbicide Toxicity To Non-Target Aquatic Organisms Does Not Increase In Mixtures With Surfactants, Courtney L. Telfort

Honors College Theses

Agricultural herbicides enter aquatic environments after rain events where they affect microscopic aquatic plants (phytoplankton) and animals (zooplankton) that form the base of aquatic food webs. Atrazine, an herbicide with low solubility in water, is often mixed with surfactants such as alkyl polyglucoside (APG) to improve effectiveness. Although APG has low-toxicity, a potential drawback to increased atrazine solubility is greater adverse effects on aquatic organisms. I hypothesized that atrazine and APG decrease phytoplankton abundance more than atrazine alone. Specifically, I predicted phytoplankton abundance should 1) decrease with increasing concentrations of the mixture compared to the same atrazine concentrations individually, and …

Evaluation Of Crop Tolerance And Weed Control In Corn And Grain Sorghum With Atrazine Replacements, Jacob Thomas Richburg

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Atrazine is a foundational herbicide for weed control in both corn (Zea mays L.) and grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] production. However, studies have shown that while atrazine may be an effective herbicide for preemergence and postemergence control of weeds, it also has risks. The low Koc of atrazine as well as its extensive use over the past 50 years have led it to become the most common groundwater contaminant near agricultural soils. Given these findings, atrazine has faced severe scrutiny while under consideration for reregistration. In the event that atrazine is not reregistered, corn and grain sorghum producers …

Macrophytes And Atrazine In Ponds Of Southwest Missouri, Christine Michelle Cornish

MSU Graduate Theses

Wetlands are often the ultimate destination of agrochemicals. The increased use of these pollutants has resulted in their increased transport, via runoff and spray drift, into wetlands. Atrazine, a commonly used herbicide, has been detected in surface water, groundwater, soil, and sediment, and has shown to have adverse impacts on aquatic biota, such as fish and amphibians. Few studies have reported on the relationships between atrazine and macrophytes. I measured atrazine concentrations in surface sediments in agricultural, conservation, and golf course ponds of southwest Missouri, and investigated how those concentrations might be related to macrophyte communities, and pond environmental characteristics. …

The Combined Effects Of Atrazine And Tetracycline On Primary Producers And Zooplankton In Freshwater Microcosms, Madison R. Kelly

Honors College Theses

Widespread use of agrochemicals such as herbicides and antibiotics increases their likelihood of entering aquatic systems in mixture. Despite different modes of action, atrazine (herbicide) and tetracycline (antibiotic) adversely affect non-target photosynthetic organisms, such algae and macrophytes, with the potential to reduce food availability to higher trophic levels. However, the effects of simultaneous exposure to both contaminants have yet to be determined. I hypothesized that a mixture of atrazine and tetracycline affects freshwater communities differently than each compound alone. A microcosm experiment was conducted to test effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of atrazine (1 μg L^-1) and tetracycline …

Do Host‐Associated Gut Microbiota Mediate The Effect Of An Herbicide On Disease Risk In Frogs?, Sarah A. Knutie, Caitlin R. Gabor, Kevin D. Kohl, Jason R. Rohr

Integrative Biology Faculty and Staff Publications

1. Environmental stressors, such as pollutants, can increase disease risk in wildlife. For example, the herbicide atrazine affects host defences (e.g. resistance and tolerance) of the amphibian chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), but the mechanisms for these associations are not entirely clear. Given that pollutants can alter the gut microbiota of hosts, which in turn can affect their health and immune systems, one potential mechanism by which pollutants could increase infection risk is by influencing host‐associated microbiota.
2. Here, we test whether early‐life exposure to the estimated environmental concentration (EEC; 200 μg/L) of atrazine affects the gut bacterial composition of …

The Tensile Root Strength Of Emergent Coastal Macrophytes, Lauris Olivia Hollis

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Spartina patens is a dominant emergent macrophyte in fresh, intermediate, and brackish marshes along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of United States where its biomechanical properties are a key component of wetland health and resilience. Its root biomass and tensile root strength are essential for anchorage, erosion protection, and are important determinants of soil strength. Nutrients and the herbicide atrazine are suspected of negatively impacting this wetland plant and others. The objectives of this study were to: 1) ascertain the tensile root strength of five emergent coastal macrophytes in coastal estuaries, and 2) test the effects of nutrient addition, atrazine …

Integrating Half Rates Of Dicamba And Atrazine With Increasing Sorghum Density And Nitrogen Rate For Palmer Amaranth Control, I. B. Cuvaca, A. J. Foster, R. Currie

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Sorghum is an important crop in Kansas. However, in-season weed control options for sorghum are limited. This limitation is exacerbated by Palmer amaranth season-long interference and resistance to multiple herbicide modes of action.

This 2-year study investigated the ability of a contrasting combination of cultural and chemical practices to control Palmer amaranth while maintaining or improving sorghum grain yield. Particular research emphasis was to evaluate the effect(s) of integrating half rates of dicamba and atrazine applied as PRE with increasing sorghum density and nitrogen rate on Palmer amaranth control and grain yield in an irrigated environment.

Scope And Influence Of Enhanced Triazine Degradation In U.S. Soils, Ethan Trent Parker

Doctoral Dissertations

The triazines are one of the most widely used herbicide classes ever developed, and play a role in managing herbicide-resistant weed populations in sustainable agricultural production systems. The triazines are traditionally valued for their persistence and season-long weed control in over 50 crops including corn, soybeans, wheat, and vegetables. The literature suggests that atrazine, the most widely used triazine, may no longer remain persistent in soils due to enhanced microbial degradation. Experiments examined the rate of degradation of atrazine and two other triazine herbicides: simazine and metribuzin in both atrazine adapted and non-adapted soils from across the United States. Additional …

Maize, Switchgrass, And Ponderosa Pine Biochar Added To Soil Increased Herbicide Sorption And Decreased Herbicide Efficacy, Sharon A. Clay, Kaitlynn K. Krack, Stephanie A. Bruggeman, Sharon Papiernik, Thomas E. Schumacher

Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science Faculty Publications

Biochar, a by-product of pyrolysis made from a wide array of plant biomass when producing biofuels, is a proposed soil amendment to improve soil health. This study measured herbicide sorption and efficacy when soils were treated with low (1% w/w) or high (10% w/w) amounts of biochar manufactured from different feedstocks [maize (Zea mays) stover, switchgrass (Panicum vigatum), and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa)], and treated with different post-processing techniques. Twenty-four hour batch equilibration measured sorption of ¹⁴C-labelled atrazine or 2,4-D to two soil types with and without biochar amendments. Herbicide efficacy was measured …

Weed Control With Postemergence Applications Of Status, Armezon, Atrazine, Corvus, Verdict, And Roundup Powermax In Irrigated Corn, R. Currie, P. Geier

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

All postemergence herbicides provided greater than 98% control of quinoa, common sunflower, Palmer amaranth, and green foxtail. Crabgrass and Russian thistle were more difficult to control. All postemergence herbicides except Roundup PowerMax (glypho­sate) alone controlled Russian thistle and crabgrass greater than 89%. Diflexx (dicamba) plus Roundup PowerMax was slightly more efficacious on kochia than Status (diflufen­zopyr + dicamba) plus Armezon (topramezone) with atrazine and Roundup Power­Max, and all other herbicides were intermediate for kochia control. Corn yields did not differ between herbicide treatments. However, all herbicides increased grain yields.

Fallow Weed Control With Preemergence Applications Of Balance Pro, Corvus, Banvel, Atrazine, And Authority Mtz, R. Currie, P. Geier

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Atrazine alone applied in the fall was less effective for kochia and Russian thistle control than other fall- or spring-applied herbicides in early summer. In mid season, control of kochia and Russian thistle was 85% or less with all fall-applied herbicides. Banvel (dicamba) increased kochia control when added to Balance Pro (isoxaflutole), plus Autumn Super (iodosulfuron + thiencarbazone), plus atrazine applied in the spring at mid season. All other spring herbicides were similar for kochia control. Russian thistle control was similar among all spring-applied herbicides except atrazine plus Banvel.

Fallow Weed Control With Preemergence Applications Of Clarity, Atrazine, Spartan Guard, Sharpen, Zidua, And Corvus, R. Currie, P. Geier

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Kochia control at 8 weeks after spring application (WAST) was greatest when Clar­ity (dicamba) was included in the spring applications or when Corvus (isoxaflutole + thiencarbazone) was applied with atrazine and Clarity in the fall. The best kochia con­trol at 13 WAST occurred with spring applications containing Clarity. Only Clarity plus Atrazine, Sharpen, Zidua, Spartan Guard, or Corvus applied in the spring provided as much as 90% kochia control at 20 WAST. Only the spring application of Spartan Guard and Clarity controlled Russian thistle 90% at 20 WAST.

Weed Control With Accent, Callisto, Isoxadifen, Impact, Cinch, Dicamba, And Atrazine In Irrigated Corn, R. Currie, P. Geier

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Some timings and combinations of the herbicides tested in this study controlled Palmer amaranth, kochia, quinoa, Russian thistle, and green foxtail from 95 to 100% 51 days after postemergence application (DA-B). Accent (nicosulfuron) plus Callisto (mesotri­one) and isoxadifen alone postemergence provided 88% Palmer amaranth control at 51 DA-B. Kochia control was 92 and 90% when Accent plus Callisto and isoxadifen alone or with atrazine and Dicamba XP (dicamba) was applied postemergence following Cinch (S-metolachlor) preemergence application. Crabgrass control with preemergence followed by postemergence treatments exceeded 89%. Crabgrass control was 83 and 88% when no preemergence herbicide was applied …

Weed Control With Single Or Sequential Herbicide Applications In Acetolactase Synthase-Tolerant Grain Sorghum, R. Currie, P. Geier

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Palmer amaranth control was best when Resolve (rimsulfuron) plus Harmony GT (thifensulfuron) and Abundit Extra (glyphosate) were applied 15 days preplant fol­lowed by Zest (nicosulfuron) and atrazine postemergence, or by Zest plus atrazine alone postemergence. Palmer amaranth control was less than 80% with all other herbicide treatments. Preemergence herbicides alone provided less than 60% green foxtail control at 53 days after postemergence applications, and Zest plus atrazine alone postemergence controlled green foxtail 70%. Sequential applications of preemergence and postemer­gence herbicides were needed to provide the best green foxtail control. The relatively low weed control provided by these treatments may be …

Efficacy Of Preemergence Or Early Postemergence Weed Control With Keystone Nxt, Hornet Wdg, Atrazine, Surestart Ii, Lumax Ez, And Resicore, R. Currie, P. Geier

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Control of buffalobur was complete regardless of herbicide used. Velvetleaf and punc­turevine control, although not perfect, was excellent by all herbicides. The premix of SureStart II (acetochlor + flumetsulam + clopyralid) with atrazine and Durango DMA (glyphosate) applied early postemergence and the preemergence herbicides Resicore (acetochlor + mesotrione + clopyralid) with atrazine and Lumax EZ (S-metolachlor + atrazine + mesotrione) provided excellent Palmer amaranth control. The early pos­temergence treatment of SureStart II plus atrazine and Durango DMA was the only treatment to provide excellent control of green foxtail.

Preemergence Weed Control With Fultime Nxt And Competitive Standards In Grain Sorghum, R. Currie, P. Geier

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

At 71 days after treatment, FulTime NXT (acetochlor + atrazine) at 2.5 or 3.0 qt/a and Lumax EZ (S-metolachlor + atrazine + mesotrione) at 2.0 qt/a were the only treatments to control Palmer amaranth at 90% or more. All treatments provided similar velvetleaf control. Green foxtail control was 75 to 83% with all rates of FulTime NXT or Lumax EZ. Sorghum receiving FulTime NXT at 2.5 or 3.0 qt/a or Lumax EZ yielded significantly more than the control treatments.

Fallow Weed Control With Postemergence Applications Of Agh15004, Ag14039, Roundup Powermax, And Atrazine, R. Currie, P. Geier

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

All treatments except AGH15004 at 1.5 pt/a plus Roundup PowerMax (glyphosate) and nonionic surfactant provided more than 95% kochia control at 14 days after treatment (DAT). By 28 DAT, only those treatments containing atrazine provided greater than 95% kochia control. However, kochia control at 42 DAT was greater than 90% with all treatments except Roundup PowerMax plus nonionic surfactant.

Fallow Weed Control With Preemergence Tank Mixes Of Sharpen, Zidua, Sencor, Banvel, Atrazine, Balance Pro, And Corvus, R. Currie, P. Geier

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

With the exception of the tank mix of Sharpen and Sencor, all other tank mixes that provided 100% kochia control 53 days after treatment (DAT) were three-way tank mixes of atrazine herbicide plus, Banvel, and Balance Pro or Zidua. Only two tank mixes provided 98% kochia control 143 DAT. These were also three-way tank mixes of these chemistries. Combinations of Balance Pro and Sencor were needed to provide greater than 93% control of Russian thistle 143 DAT. No tank mix provided good control of Palmer amaranth 143 DAT. However, tank mixes of Sharpen, Sencor, and Zidua provided 84% control 143 …

Weed Control In Irrigated Corn With Combinations Of Corvus, Balance Flexx, Capreno, Laudis, Harness, Atrazine, Glyphosate, Dual, And Diflexx, R. Currie, P. Geier

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Most preemergence treatments followed by postemergence treatments provided better Palmer amaranth control than preemergence treatments alone or early postemergence treatments alone (Table 2). The better treatments provided good control of Palmer amaranth, kochia, Russian thistle, crabgrass, green foxtail, and shattercane. All treatments elevated yield over the untreated control.

Efficacy Of Lumax Ez, Atrazine, Acuron, Armezon, Sharpen, Outlook, Verdict, And Prowl H2o In Irrigated Glyphosate-Resistant Corn, R. Currie, P. Geier

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

All treatments provided statistically superior control of Palmer amaranth compared to the control or a single application of glyphosate. All treatments provided excellent control of all other weed species. Although all herbicide tank mixes elevated corn yield compared to the control, there were no statistically significant differences among herbicides in their ability to do so.

Herbicide Evaluation For Control Of Kochia And Palmer Amaranth In Teff Grass, J. D. Holman, C. Thompson, T. Roberts, S. Maxwell

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Eleven postemergence herbicide treatments were applied to teff grown for forage to evaluate Palmer amaranth and kochia control, as well as crop tolerance. Effective Palmer amaranth control was achieved with all herbicide treatments, while less than satisfactory kochia control was obtained with atrazine and Harmony. Clarity, 2,4-D, and Huskie applied alone appeared to control kochia, but kochia density was low in the plots. Had the kochia population been higher, similar efficacy ratings may have been attained. Huskie or atrazine caused the most injury to teff. The first harvest suggests these herbicides reduced forage yield to less than 3,000 lb/a.