Life Sciences Commons^™

Ensilage For Low Resources Farmers 2. Poultry Litter As Cheap Additive, F.H K. Asiedu, C A. Alexander, G Proverbs

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

The effect of poultry litter (15% wet basis) additive on the quality of king grass (Pennisetum purpureum x P. americanum) silage was studied in a randomized block design experiment (8 replications). Compared with grass silage (G), grass + poultry litter (G+P) caused significant (P<0.05) reduction in moisture (G, 716 v G+P, 670 g/ kgDM), pH (5.41 v 4.72) and butyric acid (9.6 v 5.5 g/kgDM). Crude protein (CP, Nx6.25, g/kgDM), in vitro digestibility (IVOMD, g/ kgDM) and metabolizable energy (ME, MJ/kgDM) increased from (G)104, 536 and 8.00 to (G+P) 127, 613 and 9.19. In a feeding trial using St. Elizabeth x Barbados Blackbelly lambs G+P gave significantly (P<0.05) higher daily gain (182 v 149 for G). This was related to significantly (P<0.05) higher intake of CP and ME from G+P (71.9 v 55.1 g/d and 5.20 v 4.24 MJ/d).

Influence Of Addition Of Previously Fermented Juice To Alfalfa Ensiled At Different Moisture Contents, M Ohshima, L M. Cao, E Kimura, Y Ohshima, H Yokota

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)was ensiled with or without previously fermented juice (PFJ) after wilting for 0, 3, 6 and 24 h. They were ensiled in 900ml glass bottles at 400g/800cm3 and preserved at 25°C for 45 d. The moisture content of the silages were 810, 730, 690 and 580g/kg, respectively. The PFJ was prepared by macerating 200g of freshly harvested alfalfa with 1,000ml of water, filtering through double cheese cloth, adding 20g/l sucrose and incubating anaerobically at 30°C for 2 d. They were added 2.5ml/kg of chopped alfalfa. Lactic acid fermentation of silage was enhanced bAlfalfa (Medicago sativa …

Physico-Chemical Characteristics Of Ensiled Cassava (Manihot Esculenta Crantz) And Sweetpotato (Ipomoea Batatas L. (Lam.)) Foliage, And Fermentation Kinetics Of Cassava Silage, Arnel N. Del Barrio, Christian V. Lualhati, Kimberly I B. Turaja, Ralph Jovi B. Saldajeno, Mauricio P. Bayubay Jr, Chesa A. Elenterio, Babylyn T. Salazar, Gerard F. Guadayo, Kamla Zyra G. Lavadia, Menandro M. Loresco

The Philippine Agricultural Scientist

This study was conducted to determine the physico-chemical characteristics of ensiled cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L. (Lam.)) foliage with or without additives molasses and rice bran. Six treatment combinations were from two crop species (cassava and sweetpotato) and three additives (without additive, 10% molasses, and 10% rice bran). The physical (color, odor, texture) and chemical characteristics (pH, total soluble sugars, Flieg point, dry matter, organic matter, ash, crude protein, NDF, ADF, hemicellulose) of the samples were evaluated following standard procedures. Fermentation kinetics of cassava foliage silage and ruminal in situ DM degradability of cassava …

Perennial Ryegrasses Bred For Contrasting Sugar Contents: Manipulating Fermentation And Aerobic Stability Using Wilting And Additives (1) (Eu Fp V -Project ‘Sweetgrass’), P. O'Kiely, H. Howard, G. Pahlow, R. J. Merry, F. P. O'Mara

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

Higher concentrations of water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) in silage offer ruminant nutrition and environmental attractions. Both successful field wilting and alternative silage additives provide the opportunity to manipulate silage WSC by modifying fermentation and/or improving aerobic stability. This experiment evaluated the fermentation and aerobic stability of silages made from perennial ryegrass cultivars of high or normal WSC genotype that differed in field wilting or additive use.

Perennial Ryegrasses Bred For Contrasting Sugar Contents: Manipulating Fermentation And Aerobic Stability Of Wilted Silage Using Additives (3) (Eu-Project ‘Sweetgrass’), H. Howard, P. O'Kiely, G. Pahlow, F. P. O'Mara

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

Rapid field-drying of grass prior to successful ensilage restricts fermentation and can assist preservation, but can consequently result in silages that are prone to aerobic deterioration at feedout. Additives that directly (e.g. potassium sorbate or sodium benzoate) or indirectly (e.g. formic acid or Lactobacillus plantarum, via manipulation of fermentation) alter yeast activity at feedout could modify silage aerobic stability. This experiment evaluated the fermentation and aerobic stability of wilted silages made from perennial ryegrass cultivars of high or normal water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) genotype that differed in additive use.

Perennial Ryegrasses Bred For Contrasting Sugar Contents: Manipulating Fermentation And Aerobic Stability Of Unwilted Silage Using Additives (2) (Eu-Project ‘Sweetgrass’), H. Howard, P. O'Kiely, G. Pahlow, F. P. O'Mara

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

Grass cultivars bred for elevated concentrations of water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) could have improved silage preservation but possibly disimproved aerobic stability. Additives can be used to manipulate fermentation and thereby increase silage WSC. They can also influence aerobic stability. This experiment evaluated the fermentation and aerobic stability of unwilted silages made from perennial ryegrass cultivars of high or normal WSC genotype that differed in additive use.

The Effect Of Chop Length And Additive On Silage Intake And Milk Production In Cows, V. Toivonen, T. Heikkilä

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

Effects of reduced silage chop length on silage intake and milk production by dairy cows have been variable. Chopping of grass at harvest generally improves silage fermentation quality and consequently intake. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of chopping flail harvested silage ensiled with acid or biological additive prior to feeding on intake, milk yield and milk composition in dairy cows.

Effects Of Access Time To Feed And Sodium Bicarbonate In Cows Given Different Silages, T. Heikkilä, V. Toivonen

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

Animal performance is closely related to silage intake, which might be affected by access time to feed, silage fermentation quality or using neutralising agents. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of access time to silage or addition of sodium bicarbonate on silage intake, milk yield and milk composition in diets based on restrictively fermented acid-treated or extensively fermented enzyme-treated grass silage.

Influence Of Different Alfalfa-Grass Mixtures And The Use Of Additives On Nutritive Value And Fermentation Of Silage, P. Lättemäe, U. Tamm

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

Legumes have a high nutritive value but they are known to be difficult to ensile and often result in poorly fermented silage. This is usually due to high buffering capacity and low available sugar concentration. However, the results have shown that silage quality can considerably be improved by using additives or when legume-grass mixtures are ensiled (Lättemäe & Tamm, 2002). Different legume-grass mixtures differ in their ensiling properties and also may affect the fermentation. The objective of this experiment was to study the effect of alfalfa-grass mixtures and the use of additives on nutritive value and fermentation of silage.

The Effect Of Neutralising Formic Acid On Fermentation Of Fresh And Wilted Grass Silage, E. Saarisalo, S. Jaakkola

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

Rapid drop in pH is essential for minimising proteolysis and successful ensiling. Use of acid additives typically reduces protein degradation and restricts fermentation. The effects of acid additive depend on application rate and type of herbage. Corrosiveness and risks in handling formic acid (FA) can be reduced by using salts of FA like ammonium formate (AF). Increasing proportions of AF replacing FA were applied into grass at two dry matter (DM) contents to evaluate the effects of neutralised FA on silage pH and fermentation.

Effect Of Biological Additives On Fermentation And Nutritive Value Of Silage, Andres Olt, H. Kaldmäe, E. Songisepp, O. Kärt

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

No abstract provided.

Effect Of Additive On Alfalfa Mixed Silage Quality, X. X. Li, Q. Zh. Sun

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

No abstract provided.

Changes To The Fermentative Profiles Of Pioneiro Grass (Pennisetum Purpureum Schumach) And Maize Silages In Different Mixtures After Aerobic Stability, Eduardo R. Scherer, Tiago M. Santos, Diana R. Vivian, José A. Freitas, Kátia F. Gobbi, Américo F. Garcez Neto

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

Silages arte widely used in animal production systems to overcome the seasonality of forage production around the world. The preservation of nutritional value of silages depends on the maintenance of an anaerobic environment during the fermentation and storage phases, as well from aerobic stability during the feed out stage (Nussio, 2005). Aerobic exposure usually promotes intense activity of fungi, yeast and aerobic bacteria. If the time of aerobic exposure is long enough, huge changes can happen in the chemical composition of the silages affecting negatively their nutritional value. These changes can be followed by decreasing lactic acid concentration and increasing …

Α-Tocopherol And Β-Carotene Concentrations In Legume-Grass Mixtures As Affected By Wilting And Ensiling, Elisabet Nadeau, Hanna Lindqvist, Søren Krogh Jensen

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

Fresh or preserved forage is the largest source of natural α-tocopherol and β-carotene for dairy cows. Plant species, wilting and method of preservation can affect the vitamin content of forage and, consequently, have a large impact on the concentrations of these vitamins in plasma of dairy cows (Agabriel et al.2007).

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of species mixture, wilting, ensiling and additive on the contents of α-tocopherol and β-carotene in legume-grass forages.

Comparative Analysis Of Biodegradability Of Biodiesel Obtained By Conventional And Non-Conventional Methods, Innovative Research Publications Irp India, Nagaraja Y. P, Chandrashekhar Biradar

Innovative Research Publications IRP India

Biodiesel is an alternative to conventional diesel fuel made from renewable resources. No engine modifications are required to use biodiesel in place of crude oil-based diesel. The use of biodiesel resulted in lower emissions of unburned hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and particulate matter. Biodiesel also increased catalytic converter efficiency in reducing particulate emissions. Chemical characterization also revealed lower levels of some toxic and reactive hydrocarbon species when biodiesel fuels were used. In the present work, biodiesel is produced by both conventional and non-conventional methods to determine the biodegradability effect using microorganisms obtained from soil collected from the vicinity of a petrol …

Influence Of Additives And Fermentation Periods On Silage Characteristics, Chemical Composition, And In Situ Digestion Kinetics Of Jambo Silage And Its Fodder In Nili Buffalo Bulls, M. Aasif Shahzad, Muhammad Sarwar, Mahr-Un Nisa, N. A. Tauqir

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Jambo grass (Sorghum bicolour x Sorghum sudanefe) harvested 50 days after sowing was ensiled in laboratory silos using 2 additives, cane molasses and ground corn grains, each at the rate of 2%, 4%, and 6% levels for 30, 35, and 40 days at room temperature (28 °C). Data regarding incubation days were pooled. The pH and lactic acid concentration in jambo grass silage were not affected by the additive type, level, or fermentation period. Dry matter (DM) content of jambo silage was significantly (P < 0.05) affected by additive type; however, additive levels and fermentation periods did not affect its DM contents. Crude protein content of jambo grass was not affected by ensiling time, additive type, or level. The true protein contents of jambo grass silage were significantly (P < 0.05) higher with molasses than with ground corn. Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and hemicellulose content of jambo grass were significantly (P < 0.05) affected by additives and their levels, but fermentation periods did not influence the NDF contents of jambo grass silage. Cellulose, acid detergent fiber, and acid detergent lignin contents of jambo silage were not affected by additive type, level, or fermentation period. Therefore, jambo grass ensiled with 2% molasses for 30 days was selected for in situ digestion kinetics in bulls. Dry matter and NDF degradabilities of jambo grass were significantly higher than those of its silage at 48 h of ruminal incubation. Ruminal lag time, and rate and extent of DM and NDF degradation were similar for jambo grass and its silage. The results of this study implied that jambo grass ensiled with 2% molasses for 30 days has similar nutritive value to that of its forage in bulls.

Effects Of Horizontal And Vertical Additive Disparity Noise On Stereoscopic Corrugation Detection, Stephen A. Palmisano, Robert S Allison, Ian Howard

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Stereoscopic corrugation detection in the presence of horizontal- and vertical- additive disparity noise was examined using a signal detection paradigm. Random-dot stereograms either represented a 3-D square-wave surface with various amounts of Gaussian-distributed additive disparity noise or had the same disparity values randomly redistributed. Stereoscopic detection of 2 arcmin peak amplitude corrugations was found to tolerate significantly greater amplitudes of vertical-disparity noise than horizontal-disparity noiseirrespective of whether the corrugations were horizontally or vertically oriented. However, this directional difference in tolerance to disparity noise was found to reverse when the corrugation and noise amplitudes were increased (so as to produce equivalent …

Nf01-490 Using Paylean® With Show Pigs, Rosie Nold

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Paylean® is a trademark name for the feed additive ractopamine. Ractopamine alters how the feed that pigs consume is used for growth.

The Effects Of Different Silage Additives On The Quality Of Sugar Beet Pulp Silage, Kazim Şahi̇n, İ. Hali̇l Çerçi̇, Talat Güler, Nurhan Şahi̇n, Hakan Kalender, Sai̇t Çeli̇k

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

In this study, the effect of different silage additive added during ensiling period was investigated on the silages quality and determination of storage characters of sugar beet pulp. Treatment groups consisted of silage additives. These groups were K group no additives, F group with %5 formic acid, P group with %8 whole crop barley after wilting silage, M group with %8 corn silage and S group with whole crop barley added straw with treated HCI silage. The changes in nutrients contents, fermentation products, in vitro digestibility of dry matter, counts of mold and aerob bacteria of silage after silos opened …