Life Sciences Commons^™

Integrating Grazing With 2,4-D And Florpyrauxifen To Control Broadleaf Weeds And Maintain Red Clover Productivity In Grass-Legume Pastures, M. J. Renz, G. M. Imhoff

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

In grass-legume pastures, 2,4-D-amine + florpyrauxifen-benzyl controls broadleaf weeds but red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is eliminated. Grazing within a week prior to herbicide application is likely to reduce leaf surface area and may reduce red clover injury and maintain productivity. Experiments were conducted in 2020 and in 2021 to determine if red clover could be productive when 560 g ae ha-1 2,4-D-amine + 6.3 g ae ha^-1 of florpyrauxifen-benzyl with 1% v/v methylated seed oil applied in the spring was grazed before or after herbicide application. Grazing timings occurred 6, 4, or 2 days prior to herbicide …

Integrating Grazing With 2,4-D And Florpyrauxifen To Control Broadleaf Weeds And Maintain Red Clover Productivity In Grass-Legume Pastures, M. J. Renz, G. M. Imhoff

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

In grass-legume pastures, 2,4-D-amine + florpyrauxifen-benzyl controls broadleaf weeds but red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is eliminated. Grazing within a week prior to herbicide application is likely to reduce leaf surface area and may reduce red clover injury and maintain productivity. Experiments were conducted in 2020 and in 2021 to determine if red clover could be productive when 560 g ae ha^-1 2,4-D-amine + 6.3 g ae ha-1 of florpyrauxifen-benzyl with 1% v/v methylated seed oil applied in the spring was grazed before or after herbicide application. Grazing timings occurred 6, 4, or 2 days prior to herbicide …

Characterization And Management Of Auxin-Resistant Palmer Amaranth In Tennessee, Delaney C. Foster

Doctoral Dissertations

Palmer amaranth has a long history of evolving resistance to herbicides to the point it has become a significant row crop production obstacle. Cotton and soybean growers were offered new technologies in 2016, expanding in-crop herbicide options to include dicamba or 2,4-D. Within three years of commercialization, dicamba use in these crops increased ten-fold and growers began to report Palmer amaranth escapes in west Tennessee auxin-tolerant production systems. A survey of Palmer amaranth escapes in dicamba and 2,4-D-tolerant cotton and soybean fields in Tennessee was conducted in the fall of 2021 with the objective of determining if poor control was …

Effect Of Compound Preservatives On Orah Fruits Storage Quality, Luo Yican, Li Jinchao, Lu Tanyu, Kang Yuangan, Lu Lilan

Food and Machinery

Objective:This study aimed to investigate the effects of different concentrations of preservatives on storage quality of orah fruits, so as to reduce the use of preservatives during its planting.Methods:The weight loss rate, vitamin C content, soluble solid content and titratable acid content of fruits were determined under different storage conditions, by using different concentrations of preservative.Results:At 4 ℃ and room temperature, the weight loss rate of fruits treated with preservatives was lower than that of the control group, and preservative treatment had different fresh-keeping effects on orah fruits. At 4 ℃, significant differences in vitamin …

Effects Of Micro-Rates Of 2,4-D And Dicamba On Lettuce And Pumpkin In Nebraska, Xinzheng Chen

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Off-target herbicide injury from dicamba and 2,4-D is an increasingly common problem for specialty crop growers in the Midwestern United States. Both lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and pumpkin (Cucurbita spp.) are common specialty crops grown in Nebraska, and their proximity to corn and soybean production makes these crops susceptible to herbicide drift injury and yield loss. The objectives of this thesis research was to quantify crop injury and yield loss in greenhouse- and field-grown lettuce and field-grown pumpkins at different growth stages after exposure to sub-lethal doses of dicamba or 2,4-D. Dose response curves were generated to determine effective dose …

Sensitivity Of Enlisttm And Roundup Ready Xtend® Technologies To Auxin Herbicides And Comparison Of Resistance To Susceptible Cotton And Soybean Cultivars, James Rose

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Increases in weed resistance have led to the development of new herbicide-resistant crop technologies, namely the Roundup Ready Xtend® and EnlistTM weed control systems. These new technologies provide resistance to applications of the synthetic auxins dicamba or 2,4-D, respectively, in traited cotton or soybean. It is unknown if there is any resistance to other herbicides within the synthetic auxin group (WSSA Group 4) in these traited crops. Experiments were conducted with auxin herbicides representing all five families within WSSA Group 4. Herbicides were applied either preemergence (PRE) or postemergence (POST) relative to the crop in a single application. Applications were …

Herbicide Injury From Dicamba And 2,4-D: How Much Is Too Much In Lettuce?, Xinzheng Chen, Amit J. Jhala, Stevan Z. Knezevic, Samuel E. Wortman

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Off-target herbicide injury from dicamba and 2,4-D is an increasingly common problem for specialty crop growers in the Midwest U.S. Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is a common specialty crops grown in Nebraska, but proximity to corn and soybean production leaves growers vulnerable to crop injury and significant economic loss. The goal of this study was to quantify crop injury and yield loss in greenhouse grown lettuce after exposure to simulated sub-lethal drift rates of 2,4-D and dicamba. Sublethal doses were determined based on a percentage of the maximum labeled rate and ranged from 25% to 0.01%. Tested lettuce cultivars …

Integrating Cover Crops And Herbicides For Horseweed [Conyza Canadensis (L.) Cronq.] Management Prior To Soybean [Glycine Max (L.) Merr.], Austin Sherman

Theses and Dissertations--Plant and Soil Sciences

Horseweed (Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq.) is prevalent in Kentucky and can be difficult to control. Research has shown multiple weed control methods to be more sustainable than relying on chemical control alone, so the use of multiple methods for horseweed management was examined in this study. The main objective was to determine best practice(s) to reduce horseweed prior to soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Treatments included: fall-planted cover crop [CC; cereal rye (Secale cereale L.) or none], fall-applied herbicide (saflufenacil or none), and spring-applied herbicides (dicamba, 2,4-D ester, or none). We hypothesized horseweed densities would be reduced …

Negative Effects Of Common Herbicides On Non-Target Invertebrates, Debbi Albanese

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Three herbicide formulations, Roundup® Ready to Use Weed and Grass Killer, Bayer Advanced Southern Weed Killer for Lawns and Pure 20% Vinegar Solution were directly applied to eggs of four species of butterflies, Danaus plexippus, Papilio cresphontes, Papilio polyxenes and Papilio troilus. Roundup and Bayer Advanced containing 2,4-D, mecoprop-p and dicamba significantly reduced hatch success in all four species. Lethal and sublethal effects of these herbicides on the earthworm, Eisenia andrei, was also examined. Direct contact by E. andrei with a heavy dose of the herbicides applied to tops of soil 24 hours prior was lethal to earthworms. …

The Effect Of Spray Parameters On The Application Of Enlist Duo, Matthew R. Nelson

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

The emergence of new weed control challenges, along with shifts in weed management strategies and cultural practices, has resulted in an increased reliance on chemical weed control in United States (US) cropping systems. As a result, numerous weed species have evolved resistance to herbicides such as glyphosate, thus prompting the development of new weed control systems designed to aid growers in managing resistant weeds. While these new weed control options may give growers additional management options, the high sensitivity of broadleaf crops, fruits, and vegetables to products containing 2,4-D or dicamba increases the potential for herbicide drift resulting from application …

Maize, Switchgrass, And Ponderosa Pine Biochar Added To Soil Increased Herbicide Sorption And Decreased Herbicide Efficacy, Sharon A. Clay, Kaitlynn K. Krack, Stephanie A. Bruggeman, Sharon Papiernik, Thomas E. Schumacher

Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science Faculty Publications

Biochar, a by-product of pyrolysis made from a wide array of plant biomass when producing biofuels, is a proposed soil amendment to improve soil health. This study measured herbicide sorption and efficacy when soils were treated with low (1% w/w) or high (10% w/w) amounts of biochar manufactured from different feedstocks [maize (Zea mays) stover, switchgrass (Panicum vigatum), and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa)], and treated with different post-processing techniques. Twenty-four hour batch equilibration measured sorption of ¹⁴C-labelled atrazine or 2,4-D to two soil types with and without biochar amendments. Herbicide efficacy was measured …

Fallow Weed Control With Postemergence Applications Of Agh15004, Ag14039, Roundup Powermax, And Atrazine, R. Currie, P. Geier

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

All treatments except AGH15004 at 1.5 pt/a plus Roundup PowerMax (glyphosate) and nonionic surfactant provided more than 95% kochia control at 14 days after treatment (DAT). By 28 DAT, only those treatments containing atrazine provided greater than 95% kochia control. However, kochia control at 42 DAT was greater than 90% with all treatments except Roundup PowerMax plus nonionic surfactant.

Efficacy Of Preemergence Or Early Postemergence Weed Control With Keystone Nxt, Hornet Wdg, Atrazine, Surestart Ii, Lumax Ez, And Resicore, R. Currie, P. Geier

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Control of buffalobur was complete regardless of herbicide used. Velvetleaf and punc­turevine control, although not perfect, was excellent by all herbicides. The premix of SureStart II (acetochlor + flumetsulam + clopyralid) with atrazine and Durango DMA (glyphosate) applied early postemergence and the preemergence herbicides Resicore (acetochlor + mesotrione + clopyralid) with atrazine and Lumax EZ (S-metolachlor + atrazine + mesotrione) provided excellent Palmer amaranth control. The early pos­temergence treatment of SureStart II plus atrazine and Durango DMA was the only treatment to provide excellent control of green foxtail.

Herbicide Evaluation For Control Of Kochia And Palmer Amaranth In Teff Grass, J. D. Holman, C. Thompson, T. Roberts, S. Maxwell

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Eleven postemergence herbicide treatments were applied to teff grown for forage to evaluate Palmer amaranth and kochia control, as well as crop tolerance. Effective Palmer amaranth control was achieved with all herbicide treatments, while less than satisfactory kochia control was obtained with atrazine and Harmony. Clarity, 2,4-D, and Huskie applied alone appeared to control kochia, but kochia density was low in the plots. Had the kochia population been higher, similar efficacy ratings may have been attained. Huskie or atrazine caused the most injury to teff. The first harvest suggests these herbicides reduced forage yield to less than 3,000 lb/a.

Selection And Basis For 2,4-D (2,4-Dicholorphenoxyacetic Acid) Tolerance In Red Clover (Trifolium Pratense), Tara L. B. Lewis

Theses and Dissertations--Plant and Soil Sciences

A red clover (Trifolium pratense) population (UK), from a cross between the cultivar Kenland and a 2,4-D tolerant population (Florida), was recurrently selected for 2,4-D tolerance with evaluations after the 6^th, 7^th, and 8^th selection cycles. All UK populations were more 2,4-D tolerant than Kenland. The 2,4-D tolerance following the 6^th selection cycle was similar to the Florida population and tolerance was increased following 7 and 8 cycles of selection by removing plants showing 2,4-D injury and doubling the rate of 2,4-D used for selection.

Yield and forage quality were evaluated in …

Understanding The Biology, Inheritance And Mechanism Of Resistance Of 2,4-D Resistant Waterhemp (Amaranthus Tuberculatus) - Research Proposal, Roberto Crespo

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Waterhemp is a very well adapted summer annual weed to the U.S. Corn Belt region. Auxinic herbicides such as 2,4-D constitute effective and widely used herbicides to control waterhemp and other broadleaf species in cereal crops and turf grasses. Recently, Bernards et al. (2012) have reported a Nebraska waterhemp biotype has evolved resistant to 2,4-D. This finding represents the sixth mode-of action herbicide group to which waterhemp has evolved resistance to. Several attributes may have contributed to make waterhemp a very successful weed and prone to evolve to herbicide resistant: a high genetic variability, aggressive growth habits and high fecundity. …

The Effect Of Integrated Weed Management Strategies On Weed Populations And Biomass, Pasture Productivity, Economic Returns, And Forage Quality With And Without Grazing, Joshua Allen Tolson

Theses and Dissertations--Plant and Soil Sciences

Field studies examined the strategies of mowing, herbicide, fertility, and all combinations on tall ironweed populations, weed biomass, pasture yield, grazing, economics, and forage quality at three Kentucky locations. Mowing was performed in July 2008 and 2009, herbicide applied in August 2008, and fertilizer applied in September 2008 and 2009 at all locations. Weed populations were measured in 2008, 2009, and 2010, and forage and weed biomass collected in May or June of 2009 and 2010. Herbicide treatments reduced weed biomass at all locations, and reduced tall ironweed stems by 64% or greater in 2009 at all locations. Weed biomass …

Crop Updates 2010 - Weeds, Lorinda Hunt, Andrew Blake, Catherine Borger, Glen Riethmuller, Abul Hashem, Harmohinder Dhammu, David Nicholson, Vince Lambert, Russell Quartermaine, Roberto Busi, Todd Gaines, Sudheesg Manalil, Stephen Powles, Aik Cheam, Siew Lee, Peter Newman, Greg Doncon, Steve Davies, Michael Walsh, John Moore, Murray Gillespie, Sally Peltzer, Alex Douglas

Crop Updates

This session covers eighteen papers from different authors:

Herbicides

1. Herbicide control of slender iceplant, Lorinda Hunt, and Andrew Blake Department of Agriculture and Food

2. Herbicide tolerance of saltbush and bluebush, Lorinda Hunt, and Andrew Blake Department of Agriculture and Food

3. Chemical control of windmill grass, Catherine Borger, Glen Riethmuller and Abul Hashem, Department of Agriculture and Food

4. Use high water rates when applying pre-seeding herbicides to fields with high stubble density, Catherine Borger and Abul Hashem, Department of Agriculture and Food

5. Herbicide tolerance of lupins – influence of soil type and …

Dynamics Of 2,4-D In Generation Of Cytomorphological Variants In An Important Anticancerous And Antihepatotoxic Herb – Cichorium Intybus L., Zeba Khan, Mohammad Yunus Khalil Ansari, Honey Gupta, Sana Chaudhary

Turkish Journal of Botany

The genotoxic effect of 2,4-D was investigated in chicory (2n = 18). At 100 ppm concentration 4 variants differing in morphological traits were isolated and subjected to chromosomal analysis. Morphological variations in shape, height, and yield parameters were observed. Different cytological anomalies such as univalents, multivalents, bridges, laggards, chromosome stickiness, and polyads occurred in all 4 isolates. However, the frequency of these chromosomal irregularities decreased at anaphase, exhibiting recovery at later stages. Thus the above concentration of growth hormone 2,4-D can be effectively incorporated for raising viable mutants in this medicinally useful herb.

Crop Updates 2008 - Weeds, Craig A. Ruchs, Abul Hashem, Catherine Borger, Ken Mckee, Peter Newman, Aik Cheam, Siew Lee, Meagan Pearce, Michael Walsh, Stephen Powles, Kent Stone, Mike Clarke, Andrew Loorham, Roberto Busi, Shahab Pathan, Alexandra Douglas, Ray Fulwood, Chris Roberts, Glen Riethmuller, Sally Peltzer, Lorinda Hunt, John Borger, Meir Altman, Ed Barrett-Lennard, Stephen Davies, Pippa Michael, Bill Mcleod, Harmohinder Dhammu, Mark Seymour, Vince Lambert, John H. Moore, Rohan Rainbow

Crop Updates

This session covers twenty nine papers from different authors:

1. BOXER® GOLD, a new pre-emergent herbicide option for WA wheat and barley growers for the control of Annual Ryegrass and Toad Rush, Craig A. Ruchs, Syngenta Crop Protection Australia Pty Ltd

2. Efficacy of Boxer Gold in the control of annual ryegrass in wheat, Dr Abul Hashem, Dr Catherine Borger, Department of Agriculture and Food, Mr Ken McKee, Field Development Manager, Syngenta Crop Protection Australia Pty Ltd

3. Alternative herbicides to avoid trifluralin resistance, Catherine Borger and Abul Hashem, Department of Agriculture and Food

4. Exiting …

Changes In Weed Response To 2,4-D Application With 5 Repeated Applications In Spring Wheat, Hüseyi̇n Zengi̇n

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

2,4-D amine and 2,4-D isooctylester were sprayed repeatedly in the spring of 5 consecutive years on spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.cv.Kırik)in Erzurum during the years 1990-1994. The herbicide efficacy against all broad-leaved weeds and against the most common weed species was determined by comparing the number of weeds in untreated and treated plots. The most abundant weed species were Polygonum aviculare, Amaranthus retroflexus and Chenopodium albumin spring wheat. The effect of 2,4-D amine decreased after 3 or 4 years in A.retroflexus, C.album,Convolvulus arvensis, Acroptilon repens, Lactuca serriola, P.aviculare, Cirsium arvense and other broad-leaved weeds. Effects against Sinapis arvensis and Sisymbrium …

Am1 Treatment Of Some Phenoxyacetic Acidherbicides, Lemi̇ Türker

Turkish Journal of Biology

AM1-type semiempirical quantum chemical calculations were carried out to explain differences in herbicidal activity between certain phenoxyacetic acid derivatives. It was found that the proper orientation and shape of the COOH group and the phenyl moiety both mutually and individually affected the observed activities.

The Effects Of 2,4-D And 4-Cpa On The Duration Of Development And The Number Of Adults In F_1, F_2 And F_3 Generations Of Drosophila Melanogaster, Bülent Kaya, Ati̇la Yanikoğlu

Turkish Journal of Zoology

In this study, effects of two hericides on pupa formation period, pupa period and number of adults in F_1, F_2 and F_3 generations of Drosophila melnogaster were investigated. 300 ppm concentraiton of 2-4-D applied on parent stock and F_1 generation has lengtened the pupa formation period and pupa period of D. melanogaster in F_1 generation, while it reduced the number of adults another effective concentration was 100 ppm which has shortened the pupa period in F_3 generation. The highest concentration (100 ppm) of 4-CPA applied on parent stock and F_1 generation has lengtened the pupa formation period in F_1 generation. …

Nf98-363 Chemical Weed Control In Tree Planting Projects: Part Ii - Post-Emergence Herbicides, John Duplissis

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebFact examines weed control in tree planting projects.

Pine Hollow Exclosures: Effect Of Browsing On An Aspen Community Sprayed With 2,4-D, D.L. Bartos, R.O. Harniss

Aspen Bibliography

The Pine Hollow aspen (Populus tremuloides) exclosures on the Ashley National Forest in eastern Utah were sampled in 1984, 19 years after they were established.

G88-863 Annual Broadleaf Weed Control In Winter Wheat (Revised January 1990), Gail A. Wicks, Robert N. Klein, Alex Martin

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide discusses preventive, cultural, and chemical weed control in winter wheat. Best weed control is obtained by using a combination of these three methods. Winter and summer annual broadleaf weeds are economically important pests of Nebraska winter wheat. They reduce grain yields by competing with winter wheat for water, light and nutrients. Weeds are estimated to reduce Nebraska winter wheat yields 10 percent each year.

G86-802 Banvel And 2,4-D Damge To Fieldbeans And Soybeans, Roger G. Wilson, Drew J. Lyon

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide discusses the effects of Banvel and 2,4-D on soybean and fieldbean growth and yield. Banvel and 2,4-D are two herbicides commonly used for postemergence control of broadleaf weeds in corn, wheat, sorghum, pastures, and around field margins. Both herbicides can be moved off target by windy conditions at the time of spraying, or they can volatilize after spraying at temperatures above 85°F and drift off target. Fieldbeans and soybeans are both sensitive to Banvel and 2,4-D, and even rates as low as 0.001 lb/acre (1/100th of the use rate) can cause visual crop injury. The degree of crop …

Survey Of Aspen Stands Treated With Herbicides In The Western United States, R.O. Harniss, D.L. Bartos

Aspen Bibliography

No abstract provided.

Pesticide Exposure Studies: Direct And Indirect Detection Of Absorption Of 2,4-D And Pronamide Herbicides In The Guinea Pig And Occupationally Exposed Workers, Ibrahim A.R. Al-Jabery

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A simple high pressure liquid chromatography procedure was used to determine 2,4-D and pronamide exposure in spraymen and their dermal absorption and excretion in guinea pigs.

Results of dermal application of these herbicides to guinea pigs demonstrated a strong correlation between the applied dermal dose and the urinary residue excretion over the dosage range tested. As the dosage was increased, the urinary excretion of residues was also increased. However, the excretion of 2,4-D amine mixture following dermal treatment of guinea pigs was prolonged as compared to that of pronamide.

Residue levels of these compounds were also determined to estimate skin …

Creating Stable Shrub Communities For Managed Openings In The Aspen Forest, Donald A. Perala, R.W. Sorensen

Aspen Bibliography

No abstract provided.