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Articles 1 - 30 of 77
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Comparison Of Methods For Determining Biogeochemical Fluxes From A Restored Oyster Reef, Melanie Jackson, Michael S. Owens, Jeffrey C. Cornwell, M. Lisa Kellogg
Comparison Of Methods For Determining Biogeochemical Fluxes From A Restored Oyster Reef, Melanie Jackson, Michael S. Owens, Jeffrey C. Cornwell, M. Lisa Kellogg
VIMS Articles
Oyster reef restoration can significantly increase benthic denitrification rates. Methods applied to measure nutrient fluxes and denitrification from oyster reefs in previous studies include incubations of sediment cores collected adjacent to oyster clumps, benthic chambers filled with intact reef segments that have undergone in situ equilibration and ex situ incubation, and cores with single oysters. However, fluxes of nutrients vary by orders of magnitude among oyster reefs and methods. This study compares two methods of measuring nutrient and metabolic fluxes on restored oyster reefs: incubations including intact segments of oyster reef and incubations containing oyster clumps without underlying sediments. Fluxes …
Intensive Oyster Aquaculture Can Reduce Disease Impacts On Sympatric Wild Oysters, Tal Ben-Horin, Colleen Burge, David Bushek, Maya Groner, Dina Proestou, Lauren Huey, Gorka Bidegain, Ryan Carnegie
Intensive Oyster Aquaculture Can Reduce Disease Impacts On Sympatric Wild Oysters, Tal Ben-Horin, Colleen Burge, David Bushek, Maya Groner, Dina Proestou, Lauren Huey, Gorka Bidegain, Ryan Carnegie
VIMS Articles
Risks associated with disease spread from fish and shellfish farming have plagued the growth and public perception of aquaculture worldwide. However, by processing nutrients and organic material from the water column, the culture of many suspension-feeding bivalves has been proposed as a novel solution toward mitigating problems facing coastal water quality, including the removal of disease-causing parasites. Here we developed and simulated an epidemiological model describing sympatric oyster Crassostrea virginica populations in aquaculture and the wild impacted by the protozoan parasite Perkinsus marinus. Our model captured the indirect interaction between wild and cultured populations that occurs through sharing water-borne P. …
Population Genomics And Phylogeography Of A Benthic Coastal Shark (Scyliorhinus Canicula) Using 2b-Rad Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms, Alice Manuzzi, Lorenzo Zane, Antonio Munoz-Merida, Andrew M. Griffiths, Ana Verissimo
Population Genomics And Phylogeography Of A Benthic Coastal Shark (Scyliorhinus Canicula) Using 2b-Rad Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms, Alice Manuzzi, Lorenzo Zane, Antonio Munoz-Merida, Andrew M. Griffiths, Ana Verissimo
VIMS Articles
The existence of strong genetic structure is expected in species with limited ability to disperse and philopatric behaviour. These life-history traits are found in many small benthic elasmobranchs, such as in the small-spotted catshark (Scyliorhinus canicula). However, no evidence of genetic structure was found across its northeastern Atlantic (NEA) range using traditional molecular markers. Here, fine-scale genetic differentiation was detected between the British Isles and southern Iberia using 2674 single nucleotide polymorphism loci generated using 2b-restriction site-associated DNA (2b-RAD). Geographical distance and historical demography were two major drivers shaping the distribution of genetic diversity of S. canicula along …
Canopy Functions Of R. Maritima And Z. Marina In The Chesapeake Bay, Emily French, Ken Moore
Canopy Functions Of R. Maritima And Z. Marina In The Chesapeake Bay, Emily French, Ken Moore
VIMS Articles
Shoots in seagrass beds form canopies: structurally complex habitats that provide refuge for fauna and trap sediment particles by dampening water movement. Unfortunately, seagrasses are faced with continuing negative impacts to survival, including climate change and poor water quality. In areas where several seagrass species coexist, changing conditions may influence composition of beds so one species is favored over another. Two species found worldwide, Zostera marina and Ruppia maritima, are undergoing this shift: as Z marina dies back, in some locations it is replaced by R. maritima, a smaller-form seagrass with shorter, thinner shoots. This process is occurring in Virginia, …
Impacts Of A Multi-Trap Line On Benthic Habitat Containing Emergent Epifauna Within The Mid-Atlantic Bight, Cara C. Schweitzer, Rom Lipcius, Bradley G. Stevens
Impacts Of A Multi-Trap Line On Benthic Habitat Containing Emergent Epifauna Within The Mid-Atlantic Bight, Cara C. Schweitzer, Rom Lipcius, Bradley G. Stevens
VIMS Articles
Alteration and degradation of benthic structure by fishing gear can impede efforts to manage fish stock sustainably. Although the impacts of mobile gear are well known, effects of passive gear (e.g. fish traps) upon structure have been little studied. We modified commercial traps for American lobster Homarus americanus and black sea bass Centropristis striata by attaching GoPro (R) cameras to ascertain the degree and nature of impacts to seafloor habitats. Customized traps were included within a line of 20 traps, deployed and retrieved according to standard commercial fishing practice. Less than 5% of traps landed directly on bedforms when deployed. …
Assessment Of The Relationship Of Stock And Recruitment In The Atlantic Surfclam Spisula Solidissima In The Northwestern Atlantic Ocean, Jeremy R. Timbs, Eric N. Powell, Roger L. Mann
Assessment Of The Relationship Of Stock And Recruitment In The Atlantic Surfclam Spisula Solidissima In The Northwestern Atlantic Ocean, Jeremy R. Timbs, Eric N. Powell, Roger L. Mann
VIMS Articles
Atlantic surfclams support a major commercial fishery in the western North Atlantic Ocean with landings consistently between 15,000 and 25,000 metric tons since 1982. The stock is not and historically has not been overfished nor has overfishing occurred; however, in recent years landings per unit effort have declined. Surfclams are a biomass dominant on the continental shelf and a bellwether of climate change in the northwestern Atlantic. This study investigated the relationship of broodstock and recruitment during a period when Mid-Atlantic warming initiated a shelf-wide shift in the surfclams range. A species distribution function model was used to assess the …
Symbiotic Unicellular Cyanobacteria Fix Nitrogen In The Arctic Ocean, K. Harding, K. A. Turk-Kubo, Rachel E. Sipler, M. M. Mills, D. A. Bronk
Symbiotic Unicellular Cyanobacteria Fix Nitrogen In The Arctic Ocean, K. Harding, K. A. Turk-Kubo, Rachel E. Sipler, M. M. Mills, D. A. Bronk
VIMS Articles
Biological dinitrogen (N2) fixation is an important source of nitrogen (N) in low-latitude open oceans. The unusual N2-fixing unicellular cyanobacteria (UCYN-A)/haptophyte symbiosis has been found in an increasing number of unexpected environments, including northern waters of the Danish Straight and Bering and Chukchi Seas. We used nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry (nanoSIMS) to measure 15N2 uptake into UCYN-A/haptophyte symbiosis and found that UCYN-A strains identical to low-latitude strains are fixing N2 in the Bering and Chukchi Seas, at rates comparable to subtropical waters. These results show definitively that cyanobacterial N2 fixation is not constrained to subtropical waters, challenging paradigms and …
Rising Temperatures, Molting Phenology, And Epizootic Shell Disease In The American Lobster, Maya Groner, Jeffrey D. Shields, Df Landers, J Swenarton, Jm Hoenig
Rising Temperatures, Molting Phenology, And Epizootic Shell Disease In The American Lobster, Maya Groner, Jeffrey D. Shields, Df Landers, J Swenarton, Jm Hoenig
VIMS Articles
Phenological mismatchmaladaptive changes in phenology resulting from altered timing of environmental cuesis an increasing concern in many ecological systems, yet its effects on disease are poorly characterized. American lobster (Homarus americanus) is declining at its southern geographic limit. Rising seawater temperatures are associated with seasonal outbreaks of epizootic shell disease (ESD), which peaks in prevalence in the fall. We used a 34-year mark-recapture data set to investigate relationships between temperature, molting phenology, and ESD in Long Island Sound, where temperatures are increasing at 0.4 degrees C per decade. Our analyses support the hypothesis that phenological mismatch is linked to the …
Adaptations By Zostera Marina Dominated Seagrass Meadows In Response To Water Quality And Climate Forcing, Erin C. Shields, Ken Moore, David B. Parrish
Adaptations By Zostera Marina Dominated Seagrass Meadows In Response To Water Quality And Climate Forcing, Erin C. Shields, Ken Moore, David B. Parrish
VIMS Articles
Global assessments of seagrass declines have documented accelerating rates of loss due to anthropogenic sediment and nutrient loadings, resulting in poor water quality. More recently, global temperature increases have emerged as additional major stressors. Seagrass changes in the Chesapeake Bay, USA provide important examples of not only the effects of human disturbance and climate forcing on seagrass loss, but also meadow recovery and resiliency. In the York River sub-tributary of the Chesapeake Bay, the meadows have been monitored intensively using annual aerial imagery, monthly transect surveys, and continuous water quality measurements. Here, Zostera marina has been demonstrating a shift in …
The Effect Of Capture And Handling Stress In Lophius Americanus In The Scallop Dredge Fishery, Amelia M. Weissman, John W. Mandelman, David Rudders, James A. Sulikowski,
The Effect Of Capture And Handling Stress In Lophius Americanus In The Scallop Dredge Fishery, Amelia M. Weissman, John W. Mandelman, David Rudders, James A. Sulikowski,
VIMS Articles
Capture and handling stress studies are considered a primary research priority, particularly for species and fisheries where discard rates are high, and/or for overfished stocks and species of concern. Lophius americanus, a commercially valuable finfish in New England, constitutes the second highest bycatch species within the sea scallop dredge fishery. Despite its commercial importance, no data exists on the capture and handling stress of monkfish for any gear type. Given these shortcomings, our goals were to evaluate the stress response of monkfish captured in scallop dredge gear by evaluating physical, behavioural and physiological responses to scallop fishing practices. While …
Successful Recruitment, Survival And Long-Term Persistence Of Eastern Oyster And Hooked Mussel On A Subtidal, Artificial Restoration Reef System In Chesapeake Bay, Rom Lipcius, Russell P. Burke
Successful Recruitment, Survival And Long-Term Persistence Of Eastern Oyster And Hooked Mussel On A Subtidal, Artificial Restoration Reef System In Chesapeake Bay, Rom Lipcius, Russell P. Burke
VIMS Articles
Restoration efforts with native eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica, in Chesapeake Bay and elsewhere have been limited by shell availability, necessitating the use of alternative structures as subtidal reefs, yet these have rarely been evaluated quantitatively. We quantified population structure, density, abundance and biomass of eastern oyster and hooked mussel, Ischadium recurvum, on a concrete modular reef (75 m(2) surface area over 5 m(2) of river bottom) deployed subtidally at 7 m depth in the Rappahannock River, Virginia during October, 2000. After nearly 5 y (May 2005), we took 120 stratified random samples over the reef. The reef was heavily …
An Overview Of Factors Affecting Distribution Of The Atlantic Surfclam (Spisula Solidissima), A Continental Shelf Biomass Dominant, During A Period Of Climate Change, Ee Hofmann, En Powell, Jm Klinck, Dm Munroe, Roger L. Mann, Et Al
An Overview Of Factors Affecting Distribution Of The Atlantic Surfclam (Spisula Solidissima), A Continental Shelf Biomass Dominant, During A Period Of Climate Change, Ee Hofmann, En Powell, Jm Klinck, Dm Munroe, Roger L. Mann, Et Al
VIMS Articles
The Atlantic surfclam (Spisula solidissitna) is a dominant member of the biological community of the Middle Atlantic Bight continental shelf and a commercially harvested species. Climate warming is affecting the biology and distribution of this species, which provides an opportunity to investigate the processes and conditions that are restructuring this fishery and the implications for ecological and socioeconomic systems. A Management Strategy Evaluation (MSE) developed for the surfclam fishery provides a mechanistic description of the surfclam's response to climate change and understanding of the cascade of effects initiated by changes in oceanographic conditions that ultimately appear as social …
Loss Of Seagrass Results In Changes To Benthic Infaunal Community Structure And Decreased Secondary Production, Rochelle D. Seitz, Caroline J. Ewers Lewis
Loss Of Seagrass Results In Changes To Benthic Infaunal Community Structure And Decreased Secondary Production, Rochelle D. Seitz, Caroline J. Ewers Lewis
VIMS Articles
Seagrass beds have decreased in abundance and areal coverage over the past several decades. Although previous studies have examined the importance of seagrass for benthic community assemblages and abundances, the effect of seagrass on deep-dwelling, large (high-biomass) infauna and the importance for benthic secondary production in Chesapeake Bay have not been addressed. Using benthic suctions and push cores, we compared density, diversity, and secondary productivity of benthic communities in seagrass to those in other shallow-water habitats and estimated benthic secondary productivity lost in the York River due to loss of seagrass from 1971 to 2016. We examined four habitat types …
Restoring The Eastern Oyster: How Much Progress Has Been Made In 53 Years?, Ab Hernandez, Rochelle Brumbaugh, P Fredrick, R Grizzle, Mark Luckenbach, Ch Peterson, C Angelini
Restoring The Eastern Oyster: How Much Progress Has Been Made In 53 Years?, Ab Hernandez, Rochelle Brumbaugh, P Fredrick, R Grizzle, Mark Luckenbach, Ch Peterson, C Angelini
VIMS Articles
Coastal ecosystem restoration is accelerating globally as a means of enhancing shoreline protection, carbon storage, water quality, fisheries, and biodiversity. Among the most substantial of these efforts have been those focused on re-establishing oyster reefs across the US Atlantic and Gulf coasts. Despite considerable investment, it is unclear how the scale of and approaches toward oyster restoration have evolved. A synthesis of 1768 projects undertaken since 1964 reveals that oyster substrate restoration efforts have primarily been concentrated in the Chesapeake Bay and the Gulf Coast, have been heavily reliant on oyster shell, and have re-established 4.5% of the reef area …
Short-Term Pain And Long-Term Gain: Using Phased-In Minimum Size Limits To Rebuild Stocks-The Pacific Bluefin Tuna Example, Lisa E. Ailloud, Todd Gedamke, John M. Hoenig
Short-Term Pain And Long-Term Gain: Using Phased-In Minimum Size Limits To Rebuild Stocks-The Pacific Bluefin Tuna Example, Lisa E. Ailloud, Todd Gedamke, John M. Hoenig
VIMS Articles
Like many stocks, the Pacific Bluefin Tuna Thunnus orientalis has been considerably depleted. High exploitation rates on very young fish have reduced the spawning stock biomass (SSB) to 2.6% of the unexploited level. We provide a framework for exploring potential benefits of minimum size regulations as a mechanism for rebuilding stocks, and we illustrate the approach using simulations patterned after Pacific Bluefin Tuna dynamics. We attempt to mitigate short-term losses in yield by considering a phased-in management strategy. With this approach, the minimum size limit (MSL) is gradually increased as biomass rebuilds, giving fishing communities time to adjust to new …
Fish Assemblage Change Following The Structural Restoration Of A Degraded Stream, Carl A. Favata, Anabela Maia, Manisha Pant, Vaskar Nepal
Fish Assemblage Change Following The Structural Restoration Of A Degraded Stream, Carl A. Favata, Anabela Maia, Manisha Pant, Vaskar Nepal
VIMS Articles
Decades of anthropogenic pressure have harmed riverscapes throughout North America by degrading habitats and water quality and can result in the extirpation of sensitive aquatic taxa. Local stream restoration projects have increased in frequency, but monitoring is still infrequent. In 2010, Kickapoo Creek in East Central Illinois was subjected to a stream restoration project that included implementation of artificial riffles, riprap, scouring keys, and riparian vegetation. We monitored the restoration efforts for 6years after the restoration through annual sampling efforts at restored and reference sites to determine changes in habitat and fish assemblage using standard habitat sampling and electrofishing techniques. …
Use Of Rapidly Evolving Molecular Markers To Distinguish Species And Clarify Range Uncertainties In The Spearfishes (Istiophoridae, Tetrapturus), Jan Mcdowell, Nadya R. Mamoozadeh,, Heidi L. Brightman, John Graves
Use Of Rapidly Evolving Molecular Markers To Distinguish Species And Clarify Range Uncertainties In The Spearfishes (Istiophoridae, Tetrapturus), Jan Mcdowell, Nadya R. Mamoozadeh,, Heidi L. Brightman, John Graves
VIMS Articles
Despite broad spatial distributions in the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian oceans, relatively little is known about spearfishes (family Istiophoridae, genus Tetrapturus) due to their pelagic nature and relative scarcity. The limited biological understanding of spearfishes includes uncertain taxonomic relationships complicated by conserved morphology, thus specific identification relies heavily on geographic location of capture. Previous phylogenetic studies incorporating a limited number of loci and few representatives of each species have been unable to consistently resolve the four currently recognized species comprising Tetrapturus. In the present study, we surveyed 14 nuclear microsatellite loci and the mitochondrial DNA control region across …
A Hierarchical Bayesian Modeling Approach For The Habitat Distribution Of Smooth Dogfish By Sex And Season In Inshore Coastal Waters Of The Us Northwest Atlantic, Andrea Dell'apa, Maria Grazia Pennino, Charles W Bangley, Christopher F. Bonzek
A Hierarchical Bayesian Modeling Approach For The Habitat Distribution Of Smooth Dogfish By Sex And Season In Inshore Coastal Waters Of The Us Northwest Atlantic, Andrea Dell'apa, Maria Grazia Pennino, Charles W Bangley, Christopher F. Bonzek
VIMS Articles
The Smooth Dogfish Mustelus canis is an abundant, small coastal shark occurring along the U.S. Atlantic coast. Despite being targeted by a directed fishery and having recently undergone a stock assessment that found the population neither overfished nor experiencing overfishing, little is known about the spatial and temporal distribution of this species. Here, we used catch data from the spring and fall Northeast Area Monitoring and Assessment Program's fishery-independent trawl surveys conducted between 2007 and 2016 and various environmental factors to perform hierarchical Bayesian modeling as a first attempt to spatially predict adult Smooth Dogfish CPUE in U.S. northwest Atlantic …
Investigating The Life Cycle Of Haplosporidium Nelsoni (Msx), Se Ford, Na Stokes, Ka Alcox, Bsf Kraus, Rochelle Barber, Ryan Carnegie, Em Burreson
Investigating The Life Cycle Of Haplosporidium Nelsoni (Msx), Se Ford, Na Stokes, Ka Alcox, Bsf Kraus, Rochelle Barber, Ryan Carnegie, Em Burreson
VIMS Articles
Attempts to decipher the life cycle of Haplosporidium nelsoni began almost immediately after it was identified as the pathogen causing MSX disease in eastern oysters, Crassostrea virginica. But transmission experiments failed and the spore stage, characteristic of haplosporidans, was extremely rare. Researchers concluded that another host was involved: an intermediate host in which part of the life cycle was produced, or-if the oyster was an accidental host-an alternate host that produces infective elements. A later finding that spores were found more often in spat (< 1 y old) than in adults revived the idea of direct transmission between oysters. The new findings and the availability of molecular diagnostics led us to revive life cycle investigations. Over several years, oyster spat were examined for spores and searched for H. nelsoni in potential non-oyster hosts using both histological and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methodologies. …
Likely Locations Of Sea Turtle Stranding Mortality Using Experimentally- Calibrated, Time And Space-Specific Drift Models, Bianca S. Santos, Marjorie A.M. Friedrichs, Sarah A. Rose, Susan G. Barco, David M. Kaplan
Likely Locations Of Sea Turtle Stranding Mortality Using Experimentally- Calibrated, Time And Space-Specific Drift Models, Bianca S. Santos, Marjorie A.M. Friedrichs, Sarah A. Rose, Susan G. Barco, David M. Kaplan
VIMS Articles
Sea turtle stranding events provide an opportunity to study drivers of mortality, but causes of strandings are poorly understood. A general sea turtle carcass oceanographic drift model was developed to estimate likely mortality locations from coastal sea turtle stranding records. Key model advancements include realistic direct wind forcing on carcasses, temperature driven carcass decomposition and the development of mortality location predictions for individual strandings. We applied this model to 2009–2014 stranding events within the Chesapeake Bay, Virginia. Predicted origin of vessel strike strandings were compared to commercial vessel data, and potential hazardous turtle-vessel interactions were identified in the southeastern Bay …
Living Shorelines Support Nearshore Benthic Communities In Upper And Lower Chesapeake Bay, Tm Davenport, Rochelle D. Seitz, Ke Knick, N Jackson
Living Shorelines Support Nearshore Benthic Communities In Upper And Lower Chesapeake Bay, Tm Davenport, Rochelle D. Seitz, Ke Knick, N Jackson
VIMS Articles
Human population growth and sea-level rise are increasing the demand for protection of coastal property against shoreline erosion. Living shorelines are designed to provide shoreline protection and are constructed or reinforced using natural elements. While living shorelines are gaining popularity with homeowners, their ability to provide ecological services (e.g., habitat provision and trophic transfer) is not well understood, and information is needed to improve coastal and resource management decision-making. We examined benthic community responses to living shorelines in two case-study subestuaries of Chesapeake Bay using a before-after control-impact study design. At Windy Hill, a bulkhead was removed and replaced by …
Dermal Mycobacteriosis And Warming Sea Surface Temperatures Are Associated With Elevated Mortality Of Striped Bass In Chesapeake Bay, Maya L. Groner, John M. Hoenig, Roger Pradel, Remi Choquet, Wolfgang K. Vogelbein, David T. Gauthier, Marjorie A.M. Friedrichs
Dermal Mycobacteriosis And Warming Sea Surface Temperatures Are Associated With Elevated Mortality Of Striped Bass In Chesapeake Bay, Maya L. Groner, John M. Hoenig, Roger Pradel, Remi Choquet, Wolfgang K. Vogelbein, David T. Gauthier, Marjorie A.M. Friedrichs
VIMS Articles
Temperature is hypothesized to alter disease dynamics, particularly when species are living at or near their thermal limits. When disease occurs in marine systems, this can go undetected, particularly if the disease is chronic and progresses slowly. As a result, population-level impacts of diseases can be grossly underestimated. Complex migratory patterns, stochasticity in recruitment, and data and knowledge gaps can hinder collection and analysis of data on marine diseases. New tools enabling quantification of disease impacts in marine environments include coupled biogeochemical hydrodynamic models (to hindcast key environmental data), and multievent, multistate mark-recapture (MMSMR) (to quantify the effects of environmental …
Living Shorelines Support Nearshore Benthic Communities In Upper And Lower Chesapeake Bay, Theresa M. Davenport, Rochelle D. Seitz, Kathleen E. Knick, Nina Jackson
Living Shorelines Support Nearshore Benthic Communities In Upper And Lower Chesapeake Bay, Theresa M. Davenport, Rochelle D. Seitz, Kathleen E. Knick, Nina Jackson
VIMS Articles
Human population growth and sea-level rise are increasing the demand for protection of coastal property against shoreline erosion. Living shorelines are designed to provide shoreline protection and are constructed or reinforced using natural elements. While living shorelines are gaining popularity with homeowners, their ability to provide ecological services (e.g., habitat provision and trophic transfer) is not well understood, and information is needed to improve coastal and resource management decision-making. We examined benthic community responses to living shorelines in two case-study subestuaries of Chesapeake Bay using a before-after control-impact study design. At Windy Hill, a bulkhead was removed and replaced by …
The Contribution Of Local And Transport Processes To Phytoplankton Biomass Variability Over Different Timescales In The Upper James River, Virginia, Qubin Quin, Jian Shen
The Contribution Of Local And Transport Processes To Phytoplankton Biomass Variability Over Different Timescales In The Upper James River, Virginia, Qubin Quin, Jian Shen
VIMS Articles
Although both local processes (photosynthesis, respiration, grazing, and settling), and transport processes (advective transport and diffusive transport) significantly affect local phytoplankton dynamics, it is difficult to separate their contributions and to investigate the relative importance of each process to the local variability of phytoplankton biomass over different timescales. A method of using the transport rate is introduced to quantify the contribution of transport processes. By combining the time-varying transport rate and high-frequency observed chlorophyll a data, we can explicitly examine the impact of local and transport processes on phytoplankton biomass over a range of timescales from hourly to annually. For …
Land Use And Salinity Drive Changes In Sav Abundance And Community Composition, Christopher J. Patrick,, Donald E. Weller,, R J. Orth, David J. Wilcox, Michael P. Hannam
Land Use And Salinity Drive Changes In Sav Abundance And Community Composition, Christopher J. Patrick,, Donald E. Weller,, R J. Orth, David J. Wilcox, Michael P. Hannam
VIMS Articles
Conserving and restoring submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) are key management goals for estuaries worldwide because SAV integrates many aspects of water quality and provides a wide range of ecosystem services. Management strategies are typically focused on aggregated abundance of several SAV species, because species cannot be easily distinguished in remotely sensed data. Human land use and shoreline alteration have been shown to negatively impact SAV abundance, but the effects have varied with study, spatial scale, and location. The differences in reported effects may be partly due to the focus on abundance, which overlooks within-community and among-community dynamics that generate total …
Discontinuities In Soil Strength Contribute To Destabilization Of Nutrient-Enriched Creeks, Cathleen Wigand, Elizabeth B. Watson, Rose Martin, David S. Johnson, R. Scott Warren, Alana Hanson, Earl Davey,, Roxanne Johnson, Linda Deegan,
Discontinuities In Soil Strength Contribute To Destabilization Of Nutrient-Enriched Creeks, Cathleen Wigand, Elizabeth B. Watson, Rose Martin, David S. Johnson, R. Scott Warren, Alana Hanson, Earl Davey,, Roxanne Johnson, Linda Deegan,
VIMS Articles
In a whole-ecosystem, nutrient addition experiment in the Plum Island Sound Estuary (Massachusetts), we tested the effects of nitrogen enrichment on the carbon and nitrogen contents, respiration, and strength of marsh soils. We measured soil shear strength within and across vegetation zones. We found significantly higher soil percent organic matter, carbon, and nitrogen in the long-term enriched marshes and higher soil respiration rates with longer duration of enrichment. The soil strength was similar in magnitude across depths and vegetation zones in the reference creeks, but showed signs of significant nutrient-mediated alteration in enriched creeks where shear strength at rooting depths …
Human Influence At The Coast: Upland And Shoreline Stressors Affect Coastal Macrofauna And Are Mediated By Salinity, Rochelle D. Seitz, Kathleen E. Knick, Theresa M. Davenport, Gabrielle G. Saluta
Human Influence At The Coast: Upland And Shoreline Stressors Affect Coastal Macrofauna And Are Mediated By Salinity, Rochelle D. Seitz, Kathleen E. Knick, Theresa M. Davenport, Gabrielle G. Saluta
VIMS Articles
Anthropogenic stressors can affect subtidal communities within the land-water interface. Increasing anthropogenic activities, including upland and shoreline development, threaten ecologically important species in these habitats. In this study, we examined the consequences of anthropogenic stressors on benthic macrofaunal communities in 14 subestuaries of Chesapeake Bay. We investigated how subestuary upland use (forested, agricultural, developed land) and shoreline development (riprap and bulkhead compared to marsh and beach) affected density, biomass, and diversity of benthic infauna. Upland and shoreline development were parameters included in the most plausible models among a candidate set compared using corrected Akaike's Information Criterion. For benthic macrofauna, density …
Impacts Of Coastal Land Use And Shoreline Armoring On Estuarine Ecosystems: An Introduction To A Special Issue, Diann J. Prosser, Thomas E Jordan, Jessica L. Nagel, Rochelle D. Seitz, Donald E. Weller, Dennis F. Whigham
Impacts Of Coastal Land Use And Shoreline Armoring On Estuarine Ecosystems: An Introduction To A Special Issue, Diann J. Prosser, Thomas E Jordan, Jessica L. Nagel, Rochelle D. Seitz, Donald E. Weller, Dennis F. Whigham
VIMS Articles
The nearshore land-water interface is an important ecological zone that faces anthropogenic pressure from development in coastal regions throughout the world. Coastal waters and estuaries like Chesapeake Bay receive and process land discharges loaded with anthropogenic nutrients and other pollutants that cause eutrophication, hypoxia, and other damage to shallow-water ecosystems. In addition, shorelines are increasingly armored with bulkhead (seawall), riprap, and other structures to protect human infrastructure against the threats of sea-level rise, storm surge, and erosion. Armoring can further influence estuarine and nearshore marine ecosystem functions by degrading water quality, spreading invasive species, and destroying ecologically valuable habitat. These …
Laboratory Studies On The Effect Of Temperature On Epizootic Shell Disease In The American Lobster, Homarus Americanus, Britnee N. Barris, Jeffrey D. Shields, Hamish J. Small, Juan Pablo Huchin-Mian, Patricia O'Leary, Et Al
Laboratory Studies On The Effect Of Temperature On Epizootic Shell Disease In The American Lobster, Homarus Americanus, Britnee N. Barris, Jeffrey D. Shields, Hamish J. Small, Juan Pablo Huchin-Mian, Patricia O'Leary, Et Al
VIMS Articles
Epizootic shell disease (ESD) is a persistent threat to the population of American lobsters, Homarus americanus H. Milne-Edwards, 1837, in Long Island Sound and off southern New England, USA. ESD is caused by a bacterial dysbiosis that occurs in association with increased water temperature and exposure to anthropogenic stressors. Temperature is a leading factor driving the severity and incidence of ESD. Our objective was to quantify disease progression and dynamics in relation to host molting and mortality at three rigorously controlled temperatures (6, 12, and 18 °C) over a 5–6-mo period. Lobsters were photographed at various time points and image …
Development Of Rapid Diagnostic Techniques For Idiopathic Blindness In The American Lobster, Homarus Americanus, From Eastern Long Island Sound, Addison T. Ochs, Jeffrey D. Shields, Mitch S. Hatzipetro, Barbara Somers, Kathleen M. Castro
Development Of Rapid Diagnostic Techniques For Idiopathic Blindness In The American Lobster, Homarus Americanus, From Eastern Long Island Sound, Addison T. Ochs, Jeffrey D. Shields, Mitch S. Hatzipetro, Barbara Somers, Kathleen M. Castro
VIMS Articles
Idiopathic blindness is a condition that afflicts approximately 50% of the lobsters, Homarus americanus H. Milne-Edwards, 1837, in Long Island Sound (LIS). The condition occurs in lobsters from LIS and Narragansett Bay, but has lower prevalence levels in the Gulf of Maine. Grossly, the condition presents as patches of cloudy, gray-colored regions in the eyes of afflicted animals. Histologically, the ommatidia show signs of altered pigment distribution, necrosis of the optic nerves and rhabdoms, and hemocyte infiltration through the protective basement membrane separating the ommatidia from the optic nerves. Severe lesions show areas with necrotic ommatidia and nearly complete loss …