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Articles 1 - 30 of 65
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Effects Of Adenovirus Infection On The Localization Of Cellular Protein Pat1b, Emilee Friedman, Kasey A. Karen
Effects Of Adenovirus Infection On The Localization Of Cellular Protein Pat1b, Emilee Friedman, Kasey A. Karen
Georgia Journal of Science
Adenoviruses are a diverse family of nonenveloped, double-stranded DNA viruses with a variety of vertebrate hosts including humans. Over 50 serotypes of human adenovirus have been identified, and cause a number of illnesses, including conjunctivitis, gastroenteritis, and respiratory infections. The life cycle of adenovirus is divided into immediate early, early, and late phases, with immediate early proteins controlling transcription and the cell cycle, early proteins being largely regulatory, and late proteins being structural. Early proteins such as E4 11k have been demonstrated to relocalize key cellular proteins, including proteins found within mRNA processing bodies (p-bodies). It is hypothesized that E4 …
Dorsal And Ventral Color Patterns In A South Georgia Population Of Agkistrodon Piscivorus Contanti, The Florida Cottonmouth, David L. Bechler, Joseph A. Kirkley Mr., John F. Elder
Dorsal And Ventral Color Patterns In A South Georgia Population Of Agkistrodon Piscivorus Contanti, The Florida Cottonmouth, David L. Bechler, Joseph A. Kirkley Mr., John F. Elder
Georgia Journal of Science
We examined dorsal pigments and ventral patterns in the Florida Cottonmouth, Agkistrodon piscivorus conanti, in the Alapahoochee watershed, Lowndes County, Georgia. Cottonmouths darken as they age; but the process has not been quantified in the literature. Thus, we examined both graphically and statistically changes in dorsal color pattern that occurs when snout vent length (SVL) increases as well as discrete patterns involving splotching and block-like patterns, and cream to white coloration on the ventral surface, which indicate underlying genetic factors. Snakes with SVLs between approximately 26.8 and 120.3 cm possessed an array of dorsal colors involving white, tan, dark …
Seeds From Fresh Conventional Tomatoes Germinate Faster Than Dried Or Organic Seeds, Christopher G. Brown, Kautz Evan, Cameron Kilpatrick, Mary Vu, Mallory Weaver
Seeds From Fresh Conventional Tomatoes Germinate Faster Than Dried Or Organic Seeds, Christopher G. Brown, Kautz Evan, Cameron Kilpatrick, Mary Vu, Mallory Weaver
Georgia Journal of Science
Conventionally-grown and organically-grown tomato seeds sourced from both fresh tomatoes and store-bought packages were germinated for seven days to evaluate the effect of seed source on germination rates. Seeds from fresh Roma tomatoes were prepared by allowing them to ferment in their own pulp for 24 hours, while commercially packaged dry seeds did not require any preparation. Once prepared, the seeds were spaced evenly on wet paper towels and stored in resealable plastic bags in groups of 10 for a total sample size of 100 seeds in each of four treatments. The number of germinated seeds and the length of …
Effects Of A Prescribed Burn On The Adult Butterfly Assemblage Of A Coastal Grassland, J. Nicole Desha, Joseph Colbert, Kimberly M. Andrews, Scott Coleman, C. Tate Holbrook
Effects Of A Prescribed Burn On The Adult Butterfly Assemblage Of A Coastal Grassland, J. Nicole Desha, Joseph Colbert, Kimberly M. Andrews, Scott Coleman, C. Tate Holbrook
Georgia Journal of Science
Coastal grasslands are globally threatened by development and natural succession. In the southeastern United States, these increasingly rare ecosystems are being managed using prescribed fire, but ecological responses to fire management are largely unknown, particularly among nontargeted species. We tested for short-term effects of controlled burning on the abundance and species richness of adult butterflies, which utilize coastal grasslands for nectaring resources and as migratory stopover sites. In February 2015, four plots of coastal grassland on Little St. Simons Island, GA were burned and paired with unburned (control) plots of equal size. Throughout the following summer-fall flight season, we conducted …
The Occurrence And Distribution Of Heterandria Formosa (Teleostei, Poeciliidae) In Lowndes County, Georgia, Jason C. Chaney, David L. Bechler
The Occurrence And Distribution Of Heterandria Formosa (Teleostei, Poeciliidae) In Lowndes County, Georgia, Jason C. Chaney, David L. Bechler
Georgia Journal of Science
Heretofore in the literature, Heterandria formosa had not been reported from Lowndes County, Georgia. Based on a survey of Lowndes County; we discovered eight localities from the southeastern portion of the county that collectively produced 30 specimens of H. formosa. The southeastern portion of the county is primarily flatwoods with numerous wetlands and low gradient streams compared to the remainder of the county, which is typified by a more upland habitat with greater relief and greater stream gradients. It is postulated that the greater stream gradients inhibited the migration of H. formosa into the southwestern and northern portions of …
Bat Activity In Central Appalachian Wetlands, Karen E. Francl, W. Mark Ford, Steven B. Castleberry
Bat Activity In Central Appalachian Wetlands, Karen E. Francl, W. Mark Ford, Steven B. Castleberry
Georgia Journal of Science
We conducted acoustical bat surveys at 14 high-elevation wetlands in West Virginia, using the Anabat II detection system. In two survey periods (June and August 2002), we recorded seven bat species. Little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus) dominated the surveys, constituting 73.6% of all identifiable calls. Big Run Bog, which contains a 2-ha beaver pond with the most structurally "open" habitat in our study, accounted for 71.8% of all identifiable calls, nearly all identified as little brown bats. Observations of note were one Indiana bat (M. sodalis), an endangered species that is present but locally rare, recorded …
The Impact Of Ozone On The Survivability Of Brine Shrimp, Ruth Borchelt, Michael Land, Rick Loftin, Thomas J. Manning
The Impact Of Ozone On The Survivability Of Brine Shrimp, Ruth Borchelt, Michael Land, Rick Loftin, Thomas J. Manning
Georgia Journal of Science
Ozone (03) is a strong oxidizing agent that is routinely used as a disinfectant in water treatment for bacteria, viral infections, and algae. Brine shrimp are used in many aquaculture environments as fish food. Typically the brine shrimp eggs are hatched on site and fed to the fish stock after maturation. Brine shrimp are capable of transporting microbes into the fish stock. In order to eliminate the detrimental effects of infections from this process we ran a series of mortality tests by applying ozone to the brine shrimp. The time durations of ozone ranged from 5 min to …
A Redescription Of The Mature Larva Of Thermonectus Basillaris (Harris) (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Dytiscinae), Keith Carroll, E. H. Barman
A Redescription Of The Mature Larva Of Thermonectus Basillaris (Harris) (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Dytiscinae), Keith Carroll, E. H. Barman
Georgia Journal of Science
Mature larvae collected from Georgia ephemeral habitats were cultured into the adult stage and identified and described as Thermonectus basillaris.The legs of T. basillaris have fewer spiniform sensilla than reported for Acilius mediatus, and it appears that its two large dorsal stemmata are more massive than those of A. mediatus. These morphological differences indicate that nektonic larvae of T. basillaris and A. mediatus may be exploiting different prey regimes.
Revisiting The Waxy Locus And The Capsicum Annuum L. Complex, Robert L. Jarret, Phat Dang
Revisiting The Waxy Locus And The Capsicum Annuum L. Complex, Robert L. Jarret, Phat Dang
Georgia Journal of Science
Waxy locus introns from 35 accessions of the species comprising the Capsicum annuum complex [C. annuum (7), C. frutescens (10), and C. chinense (11)1, C. baccatum (5), C. chacoense (1) and C. pubescens (1) were cloned and sequenced. These data were combined with existing GenBank waxy intron data on these same species, C. tovarii, C. ciliatum, Lycianthes heteroclita, L. lenta, and L. glandulosa in order to examine the phylogenetic relationships within this group of plant materials, and to re-examine the strength of the delimitation of the members of the C. annuum complex provided previously by analysis of indel …
Mission-Based Identification Of Garden Audiences, Geraldine A. Laufer
Mission-Based Identification Of Garden Audiences, Geraldine A. Laufer
Georgia Journal of Science
The Atlanta Botanical Garden is a small urban garden located just three miles from the city center in Midtown Atlanta. Since it was chartered in 1976 with a 50-year lease, it has occupied 30 acres adjacent to Piedmont Park, the most heavily used public park in the City. The Garden encompasses 15 acres of well-respected cultivated gardens, 15 acres of old growth woods, and two acres for the Children's Healthcare of Atlanta Children's Garden (1999), along with the Dorothy Chapman Fuqua Conservatory (1989), the new Fuqua Orchid Center (2002), gardenhouse (1985), the administrative center, and exhibit hall (2002) that houses …
Avian Response To Forest Management And Military Training Activities At Fort Benning, Georgia, Lisa Duncan, John Dilustro, Beverly Collins
Avian Response To Forest Management And Military Training Activities At Fort Benning, Georgia, Lisa Duncan, John Dilustro, Beverly Collins
Georgia Journal of Science
Evaluating intensity and effects of land use disturbance is difficult, especially in sites with multiple land use. We conducted point counts to determine if abundance of bird species could be used to assess military training and forestry management practices at Fort Benning, Georgia. We evaluated heavy and light use sites in the 1st growing season after prescribed fire and in the 3rd growing season postfire. Results focus on species common to early successional habitats and pine-grasslands and on forest species and habitat generalists. In the 3rd growing season postfire, Indigo buntings (Passerino cyanea) and northern bobwhites (Colinus …
Enumeration And Identification Of Selected Bacteria In Water Samples From The Alapahoochee River System, Jenifer Turco Ph.D., James A. Nienow
Enumeration And Identification Of Selected Bacteria In Water Samples From The Alapahoochee River System, Jenifer Turco Ph.D., James A. Nienow
Georgia Journal of Science
Escherichia coli and enterococci were enumerated in water collected biweekly for one year at ten stations in the Alapahoochee River system. The concentrations of E.coli were usually below a standard of 576 colony forming units (cfu) per 100 ml, except after heavy rain. At five stations the concentrations of enterococci were generally above a standard of 151 cfu/100 ml. Concentrations of both groups showed a direct but weak correlation with pH. For quality control, 772 colonies typical of E. coli and 773 colonies typical of enterococcus were tested by the appropriate verification procedures. Sixty-six (8.5%) of the former, and 57 …
Why "Intelligent Design" Is More Interesting Than Old-Fashioned Creationism
Why "Intelligent Design" Is More Interesting Than Old-Fashioned Creationism
Georgia Journal of Science
"Intelligent Design" (ID) creationism largely relies on long-discredited forms of argument to try and make a case against naturalistic evolution. However, it also includes some novel elements, such as William Dembski's claim to rigorously identify a reliable signature of intelligent design and thereby establish ID as an independent form of explanation not reducible to "chance and necessity." Such arguments also fail; indeed, intelligence itself appears to be a product of combinations of chance and necessity, where Darwinian processes are critically important in producing genuine novelty. Addressing the scientific mistakes of ID creationism requires attention to current science about intelligence, complexity, …
Countering Public Misconceptions About The Nature Of Evolutionary Science
Countering Public Misconceptions About The Nature Of Evolutionary Science
Georgia Journal of Science
Challenges to modern evolutionary science are often rooted in fundamental misconceptions about the nature of science itself. Among the public, there is a widespread perception that the focus of science on natural cause-and-effect explanations is a thinly disguised effort to promote a godless worldview, rather than an inherent methodological limitation. Furthermore, the general public often view theories as merely unsubstantiated guesses, rather than as the unifying concepts that give our observations coherence and meaning. Theories within the historical sciences, in particular, are seen as being inherently untestable without an objective basis for assigning validity. Science for many is simply an …
The Alleged Fallacies Of Evolutionary Theory
The Alleged Fallacies Of Evolutionary Theory
Georgia Journal of Science
The neo-Darwinian theory of evolution is the currently accepted paradigm to explain the history and diversity of life on earth. Yet, since the publication of Darwin's Origin of Species, it has been under attack on a variety of grounds. Some of these criticisms have been put forth in the philosophical arena, where evolutionary theory has often been accused of being incoherent or logically fallacious.
Assessment Of Subcutaneously Implanted Reflector Tags For Relocating Mole Salamanders (Ambystoma Talpoideum), Kurtis R. Moseley
Assessment Of Subcutaneously Implanted Reflector Tags For Relocating Mole Salamanders (Ambystoma Talpoideum), Kurtis R. Moseley
Georgia Journal of Science
The highly fossorial habits of adult mole salamanders (Ambystoma talpoideum) have made them difficult to study. We assessed the usefulness of subcutaneously implanted reflector tags for relocating mole salamanders in the terrestrial environment using harmonic radar detection. We determined maximum detection depth of tags with varying antenna lengths. In addition, we subcutaneously implanted tags into mole salamanders to assess retention and effect of tags on body weight during a 60-day period. We were able to detect tags of all antenna lengths as deep as 30 cm below the soil. Only 29% of mole salamanders implanted with tags retained …
Methods To Discriminate Echolocation Calls Between Male And Female Big Brown Bats (Eptesicus Fuscus), Nikki T. Sawyer, Stephen Burnett
Methods To Discriminate Echolocation Calls Between Male And Female Big Brown Bats (Eptesicus Fuscus), Nikki T. Sawyer, Stephen Burnett
Georgia Journal of Science
Methods to discriminate echolocation calls of male and female big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) during the nonmating season were investigated. A total of 4018 calls from 23 bats (12 males and 11 females) were analyzed. The bat calls were recorded in natural settings in Georgia (13 bats) and Ohio (10 bats). Both hand-held and flying calls were analyzed. Calls were further divided into multiple classes based on duration. A discriminant function analysis (DFA) detected sexual differences between the calls in some situations. In particular, when calls of similar durations were compared, the results indicated that short calls may …
Corrections For Identification Of Mature Larvae Of Rhantus Calidus (Fabricius) And Hoperius Planatus Fall (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae) In Georgia, E. H. Barman, B. R. Lemieux, B. P. White
Corrections For Identification Of Mature Larvae Of Rhantus Calidus (Fabricius) And Hoperius Planatus Fall (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae) In Georgia, E. H. Barman, B. R. Lemieux, B. P. White
Georgia Journal of Science
Characters for identification of mature larvae of Rhantus calidus and Hoperius planatus in Georgia are evaluated and critiqued. Mature larvae of R. calidus have only eight cereal sensilla (setae) while those of Hoperius have numerous medial and lateral sensilla. This is presented as an obvious and reliable character set for identification of R. calidus and H. planatus in Georgia.
Crop Genebanks: Regeneration And Cutorial Load, R. L. Jarret
Crop Genebanks: Regeneration And Cutorial Load, R. L. Jarret
Georgia Journal of Science
This nation's crop genetic resources are currently conserved in a series of genebanks and clonal repositories that are part of the National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS). The largest and most complex assemblage of crop germplasm is held at the NPGS genebank in Griffin, Georgia. Curators, who are also technical experts, manage the collections of individual taxa and are responsible for the regeneration, characterization, acquisition, and distribution of those plant materials. The nature of the duties associated with the management of these germplasm collections, specifically their routine regeneration, results in professional challenges for those technical experts engaged in that and similarly …
The Flint Riverquarium: Promoting Knowledge About Georgia's Aquatic Resources Through Recreational Learning, Douglas R. Noble
The Flint Riverquarium: Promoting Knowledge About Georgia's Aquatic Resources Through Recreational Learning, Douglas R. Noble
Georgia Journal of Science
An examination of the literature on recreational learning at exhibition centers such as aquariums, botanical gardens, museums and zoos indicates the importance of providing learning experiences that correspond to the learning style of visitors. In particular, it is important to note that visitors to such institutions have changed; visitors of the 21st Century are active learners, preferring active involvement in lieu of passive experiences. In contrast to the conventional model whereby visitors receive information in a didactic, curator-centered format, the modern recreational learner desires an environment in which they are actively involved in the learning experience. The Flint RiverQuarium successfully …
Effect Of Substrate And Temperature On Growth Of Aspergillus Flavus In Peanuts From Georgia, Premila Achar, Andres Sanches
Effect Of Substrate And Temperature On Growth Of Aspergillus Flavus In Peanuts From Georgia, Premila Achar, Andres Sanches
Georgia Journal of Science
We investigated the effects of different substrates (potato dextrose agar [PDAI, nutrient agar [NA], and corn meal agar [CMA)) and temperatures on growth and aflatoxin production in Aspergillus f]avus. Contaminated peanuts from retailers at different locations in Georgia were used throughout the experiment and 200 seeds were selected from each sample. PDA, NA, and CMA served as the substrate to express the mold from the contaminated seeds. Seeds were plated equidistantly on each of the media and incubated at 10 °C, 27 °C, 30 °C, and 37 °C, respectively. Seeds incubated on moist filter paper served as control. Neither …
Correlation Of Sex, Age, And Body Mass With Hoof Size In White-Tailed Deer From The Piedmont Wildlife Refuge, Georgia, Ben Batchelor, Alfred J. Mead
Correlation Of Sex, Age, And Body Mass With Hoof Size In White-Tailed Deer From The Piedmont Wildlife Refuge, Georgia, Ben Batchelor, Alfred J. Mead
Georgia Journal of Science
The distal forelimbs and mandibles of 157 white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) harvested during the 2001 fall hunting season on the Piedmont National Wildlife Refuge, Georgia, were used to explore the osteometric correlation of sex, age, and body mass with hoof size. The width of the right front, medial unguis and the linear distance from the tip of the dew-claw to the tip of the medial unguis were used as measures of hoof size. Linear regressions were calculated for each osteometric parameter for each sex individually and for the sexes combined. Regression R2-values suggest that hoof width …
Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia Illucens Linnaeus) As Feed For The American Alligator (Alligator Mississippiensis Daudin), Michael Bodri, Elizabeth R. Cole
Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia Illucens Linnaeus) As Feed For The American Alligator (Alligator Mississippiensis Daudin), Michael Bodri, Elizabeth R. Cole
Georgia Journal of Science
Larvae of Hermetia illucens Linnaeus (Diptera: Stratiomyidae), the black soldier fly (BSF), or one of two commercial feeds were offered to three randomized groups of hatchling American Alligators (Alligator mississippiensis Daudin) (Crocodylia: Alligatoridae) for three months and their growth monitored. Statistical analysis of weight (g) (Wilcoxon/Kruskal-Wallis Test) and snout-vent length (cm) (Welch ANOVA F-test) increases were significantly greater in groups of alligators fed 56% protein/11 % fat or 45% protein/8% fat commercial feeds versus alligators fed BSF. Based on these results, BSF can not be recommended as a complete replacement for commercial feeds in young alligators.
Amphiuma (Caudata: Amphiumidae) From The Pleistocene Clark Quarry Local Fauna Of Coastal Georgia, Dennis Parmley, Josh Clark, Alfred J. Mead
Amphiuma (Caudata: Amphiumidae) From The Pleistocene Clark Quarry Local Fauna Of Coastal Georgia, Dennis Parmley, Josh Clark, Alfred J. Mead
Georgia Journal of Science
Fossil vertebrae of an amphiumid salamander (Amphiuma sp.) are reported from a late Pleistocene (Rancholabrean NALMA) site of coastal Georgia. A suite of vertebral characters that identify the fossils to Amphiuma is given, as well as illustrations of important vertebral characters that distinguish the genus from sirenid salamanders. The presence of Amphiuma in the paleofauna indicates an aquatic habitat was present during the time of deposition.
Mature Larvae Of Hydroporus Signatus Sharp (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae) As Substrates For Peritrichida, E. H. Barman, Jessica L. Rackett, W. P. Wall
Mature Larvae Of Hydroporus Signatus Sharp (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae) As Substrates For Peritrichida, E. H. Barman, Jessica L. Rackett, W. P. Wall
Georgia Journal of Science
Mature larvae of Hydroporus signatus Sharp collected from a small eutrophic habitat served as substrates for Peritrichida (Ciliophora). The rate of infestation was 60% and there were indications of body site specificity for the colonies with most found attached to the cranium and/or mouthparts.
Allozyme Variation In A Rare Plant Species, Pediomelum Piedmontanum (Fabaceae), From The Lower Piedmont Plateau Of Georgia
Georgia Journal of Science
A single population of Pediomelum piedmontanum (Fabaceae) occurs in Columbia County, Georgia. We examined allozyme variation in this population for 20 loci in eleven enzyme systems. Genetic diversity was low (P = 20.0%; A = 1.20; overall average HO= 0.038). Allelic frequencies in a large sample from one of two subpopulations predicted a significant deficiency of heterozygotes for all polymorphic loci (P < 0.001), inconsistent with Hardy-Weinberg expectations. Allelic frequencies for a smaller sample from the other subpopulation predicted a significant deficiency of heterozygotes for one polymorphic locus (P < 0.025) and nonsignificant excesses of heterozygotes for two others. Genetic differentiation among subpopulations was low (FST = 0.0142). Factors responsible for the extreme rarity of P. piedmontanum are unknown, but low genetic variation in the small, isolated Georgia population is most likely due to historical factors, genetic drift, and perhaps inbreeding.
Reptiles And Amphibians Of Boy Scout Camp Linwood-Hayne: Results From An Undergraduate-Initiated Three Year Opportunistic Inventory, Thomas M. Luhring
Reptiles And Amphibians Of Boy Scout Camp Linwood-Hayne: Results From An Undergraduate-Initiated Three Year Opportunistic Inventory, Thomas M. Luhring
Georgia Journal of Science
An inventory of the reptiles and amphibians of Boy Scout Camp Linwood-Hayne, Richmond County, Georgia, was compiled over a period of three years (2003-2005). Interpretation of range maps indicated that a total of 102 species could possibly occur on the property. State records indicate that a total of 98 species are documented in Richmond County. Sixty-two species were recorded from a combination of passive sampling traps, hand-captures, sightings, egg masses, and vocalizations. This study demonstrates that student-led opportunistic surveys can be successful and cost effective vehicles for creating baseline inventories of small areas.
A Report On The Life Science Workforce Forum: A Catalyst For Transforming Georgia's Bioscience Talent
Georgia Journal of Science
As you read through the remarks of education and industry leaders, please notice the pattern of need that can only be met by science educators.
Issues Facing Georgia's Reptiles And Amphibians And Recommendations For New Policies, Tyler Thigpen
Issues Facing Georgia's Reptiles And Amphibians And Recommendations For New Policies, Tyler Thigpen
Georgia Journal of Science
Georgia is home to an abundance of reptile and amphibian species. There are very few laws protecting the two taxa from competition and predation by exotic species, habitat loss and fragmentation, unregulated harvest, and collection for the food and pet trades. Limited life and natural history information is another reason for species declines. The existing laws protecting herpetofauna in the state of Georgia are not enforced and are open to broad interpretation. Special interest groups such as Partners for Amphibian and Reptile Conservation (PARC) and others lobby for laws to protect native reptiles and amphibians from leading factors of decline, …
Investigation Of A Pest Control Method Involving Chemical And Biological Methods Using The Lotka-Volterra Model With Fishing, Dustin Taylor, Jamie Taylor, Andreas Lazari, Jemal Mohammed-Awel
Investigation Of A Pest Control Method Involving Chemical And Biological Methods Using The Lotka-Volterra Model With Fishing, Dustin Taylor, Jamie Taylor, Andreas Lazari, Jemal Mohammed-Awel
Georgia Journal of Science
We are modeling two insect populations which have a prey and predator relationship. If it is not controlled the prey can destroy agricultural fields. To prevent the outbreak of the prey population, pesticides are widely used. The pesticides kill the prey and may also kill the predator. We used the Lotka-Volterra model with fishing (pesticide is the fishing agent) to model the prey-predator relationship, which is dX/dt = { a - e - b Y) X, dY/dt = { dX - c - f) Y. Our results suggest that, in the presence of the predator, predation alone (with out …