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Articles 1 - 22 of 22
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Emma Lucy Braun's Forest Plots In Eastern North America, Robert Ricklefs
Emma Lucy Braun's Forest Plots In Eastern North America, Robert Ricklefs
Biology Department Faculty Works
No abstract provided.
Bet-Hedging In Bacteriocin Producing Escherichia Coli Populations: The Single Cell Perspective, Bihter Bayramoglu, David Toubiana, Simon Van Vliet, R. Inglis, Nadav Shnerb, Osnat Gillor
Bet-Hedging In Bacteriocin Producing Escherichia Coli Populations: The Single Cell Perspective, Bihter Bayramoglu, David Toubiana, Simon Van Vliet, R. Inglis, Nadav Shnerb, Osnat Gillor
Biology Department Faculty Works
No abstract provided.
Achilles Is A Circadian Clock-Controlled Gene That Regulates The Immune System And Its Rhythmicity In Drosophila, Jiajia Li
Dissertations
Circadian clock is a transcriptional/translational feedback loop that drives the rhythmic expression of downstream mRNAs. Termed “clock-controlled genes,” these molecular outputs of the circadian clock orchestrate cellular, metabolic, and behavioral rhythms. As part of our on-going work to characterize key upstream regulators of circadian mRNA expression, we have identified a novel clock-controlled gene in Drosophila melanogaster, Achilles (Achl), which is rhythmic at the mRNA level in the brain and represses expression of immune response genes, especially anti-microbial peptides in the immune system. Achl knock-down in the brain dramatically elevates expression of crucial immune response genes, including IM1 …
Chronic Plasmodium Brasilianum Infections In Wild Peruvian Tamarins, Gideon Erkenswick, Mrinalini Watsa, M. Pacheco, Ananias Escalante, Patricia Parker, Georges Snounou
Chronic Plasmodium Brasilianum Infections In Wild Peruvian Tamarins, Gideon Erkenswick, Mrinalini Watsa, M. Pacheco, Ananias Escalante, Patricia Parker, Georges Snounou
Biology Department Faculty Works
There is an increased interest in potential zoonotic malarias. To date, Plasmodium malariae that infects humans remains indistinguishable from Plasmodium brasilianum, which is widespread among New World primates. Distributed throughout tropical Central and South America, the Callitrichidae are small arboreal primates in which detection of natural Plasmodium infection has been extremely rare. Most prior screening efforts have been limited to small samples, the use of low-probability detection methods, or both. Rarely have screening efforts implemented a longitudinal sampling design. Through an annual mark-recapture program of two sympatric callitrichids, the emperor (Saguinus imperator) and saddleback (Saguinus fuscicollis) tamarins, whole blood samples …
Biophysical And Computational Studies Of The Vcci:Vmip-Ii Complex, Anna Nguyen, Nai-Wei Kuo, Laura Showalter, Ricardo Ramos, Cynthia Dupureur, Michael Colvin, Patricia Liwang
Biophysical And Computational Studies Of The Vcci:Vmip-Ii Complex, Anna Nguyen, Nai-Wei Kuo, Laura Showalter, Ricardo Ramos, Cynthia Dupureur, Michael Colvin, Patricia Liwang
Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Works
Certain viruses have the ability to subvert the mammalian immune response, including interference in the chemokine system. Poxviruses produce the chemokine binding protein vCCI (viral CC chemokine inhibitor; also called 35K), which tightly binds to CC chemokines. To facilitate the study of vCCI, we first provide a protocol to produce folded vCCI from Escherichia coli (E. coli.) It is shown here that vCCI binds with unusually high affinity to viral Macrophage Inflammatory Protein-II (vMIP-II), a chemokine analog produced by the virus, human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8). Fluorescence anisotropy was used to investigate the vCCI:vMIP-II complex and shows that vCCI binds to …
The Sulfoquinovosyltransferaselike Enzyme Sqd2.2 Is Involved In Flavonoid Glycosylation, Regulating Sugar Metabolism And Seed Setting In Rice, Xuemin Wang, Qingwen Shen, Xinqiao Zhan, Yueyun Hong
The Sulfoquinovosyltransferaselike Enzyme Sqd2.2 Is Involved In Flavonoid Glycosylation, Regulating Sugar Metabolism And Seed Setting In Rice, Xuemin Wang, Qingwen Shen, Xinqiao Zhan, Yueyun Hong
Biology Department Faculty Works
Seed setting is an important trait that contributes to seed yield and relies greatly on starchaccumulation. In this study, a sulfoquinovosyl transferase-like protein, designated as SQD2.2involved in seed setting and flavonoid accumulation, was identified and characterized in rice.Rice SQD2.2 is localized to the cytoplasm, and the SQD2.2 transcript was highest in leaves. RiceSQD2.2-overexpressing (OE) plants exhibited a decreased seed setting rate and diminished tillernumber simultaneously with an increased glycosidic flavonoid level compared with wild-type(WT) plants. SQD2.2 catalyzes the glycosylation of apigenin to produce apigenin 7-O-glucosideusing uridine diphosphate-glucose (UDPG) as a sugar donor, but it failed to compensate forsulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol (SQDG) synthesis …
A Genetic Signature Of The Evolution Of Loss Of Flight In The Galapagos Cormorant, Patricia Parker, Alejandro Burga, Weiguang Wang, Eyal Ben-David, Paul Wolf, Andrew Ramey, Claudio Verdugo, Karen Lyons, Leonid Kruglyak
A Genetic Signature Of The Evolution Of Loss Of Flight In The Galapagos Cormorant, Patricia Parker, Alejandro Burga, Weiguang Wang, Eyal Ben-David, Paul Wolf, Andrew Ramey, Claudio Verdugo, Karen Lyons, Leonid Kruglyak
Biology Department Faculty Works
We have a limited understanding of the genetic and molecular basis of evolutionary changes in the size and proportion of limbs. We studied wing and pectoral skeleton reduction leading to flightlessness in the Galapagos cormorant (Phalacrocorax harrisi). We sequenced and de novo assembled the genomes of four cormorant species and applied a predictive and comparative genomics approach to find candidate variants that may have contributed to the evolution of flightlessness. These analyses and cross-species experiments in Caenorhabditis elegans and in chondrogenic cell lines implicated variants in genes necessary for transcriptional regulation and function of the primary cilium. Cilia are essential …
Growth Trade-Offs Accompany The Emergence Of Glycolytic Metabolism In Shewanella Oneidensis Mr-1, Lon Chubiz, Christopher Marx
Growth Trade-Offs Accompany The Emergence Of Glycolytic Metabolism In Shewanella Oneidensis Mr-1, Lon Chubiz, Christopher Marx
Biology Department Faculty Works
Bacteria increase their metabolic capacity via the acquisition of genetic material or by the mutation of genes already present in the genome. Here, we explore the mechanisms and trade-offs involved when Shewanella oneidensis, a bacterium that typically consumes small organic and amino acids, rapidly evolves to expand its metabolic capacity to catabolize glucose after a short period of adaptation to a glucose-rich environment. Using whole-genome sequencing and genetic approaches, we discovered that deletions in a region including the transcriptional repressor (nagR) that regulates the expression of genes associated with catabolism of N-acetylglucosamine are the common basis for evolved glucose metabolism …
Identification Of The Potentiating Mutations And Synergistic Epistasis That Enabled The Evolution Of Inter-Species Cooperation, Sarah Douglas, Lon Chubiz, William Harcombe, Christopher Marx
Identification Of The Potentiating Mutations And Synergistic Epistasis That Enabled The Evolution Of Inter-Species Cooperation, Sarah Douglas, Lon Chubiz, William Harcombe, Christopher Marx
Biology Department Faculty Works
Microbes often engage in cooperation through releasing biosynthetic compounds required by other species to grow. Given that production of costly biosynthetic metabolites is generally subjected to multiple layers of negative feedback, single mutations may frequently be insufficient to generate cooperative phenotypes. Synergistic epistatic interactions between multiple coordinated changes may thus often underlie the evolution of cooperation through overproduction of metabolites. To test the importance of synergistic mutations in cooperation we used an engineered bacterial consortium of an Escherichia coli methionine auxotroph and Salmonella enterica. S. enterica relies on carbon by-products from E. coli if lactose is the only carbon source. …
Beyond 3 Au From The Sun: The Hypervolatiles Ch4, C2h6, And Co In The Distant Comet C/2006 W3 (Christensen), Boncho Bonev, Geronimo Villanueva, Michael Disanti, Hermann Boehnhardt, Manuela Lippi, Erika Gibb, Lucas Paganini, Michael Mumma
Beyond 3 Au From The Sun: The Hypervolatiles Ch4, C2h6, And Co In The Distant Comet C/2006 W3 (Christensen), Boncho Bonev, Geronimo Villanueva, Michael Disanti, Hermann Boehnhardt, Manuela Lippi, Erika Gibb, Lucas Paganini, Michael Mumma
Physics Faculty Works
Comet C/2006 W3 (Christensen) remained outside a heliocentric distance (R h) of 3.1 au throughout its apparition, but it presented an exceptional opportunity to directly sense a suite of molecules released from its nucleus. The Cryogenic Infrared Echelle Spectrograph at ESO-VLT detected infrared emissions from the three "hypervolatiles" (CO, CH4, and C2H6) that have the lowest sublimation temperatures among species that are commonly studied in comets by remote sensing. Even at R h = 3.25 au, the production rate of each molecule exceeded those measured for the same species in a number of other comets, although these comets were observed …
The Epistemic Status Of Moral Conceptual Truths, Kara D. Boschert
The Epistemic Status Of Moral Conceptual Truths, Kara D. Boschert
Theses
Evolutionary debunking arguments assume that morality could, conceptually speaking, be about anything. A response to this contention is that there are some moral conceptual truths which counter assertions that we could be in error about basic moral truths. According to proponents of moral conceptual truths, some things, by definition, cannot count as moral. Putative moral conceptual truths, such as “stealing is wrong,” are thought to enjoy a privileged epistemic status because anyone who denies them forfeits their ability to engage in competent moral reasoning. This paper explores whether moral conceptual truths can offer a satisfactory response to the debunkers’ premise …
The Composition Of Comet C/2012 K1 (Panstarrs) And The Distribution Of Primary Volatile Abundances Among Comets, Nathan Roth, Erika Gibb, Boncho Bonev, Michael Disanti, Michael Mumma, Geronimo Villanueva, Lucas Paganini
The Composition Of Comet C/2012 K1 (Panstarrs) And The Distribution Of Primary Volatile Abundances Among Comets, Nathan Roth, Erika Gibb, Boncho Bonev, Michael Disanti, Michael Mumma, Geronimo Villanueva, Lucas Paganini
Physics Faculty Works
On 2014 May 22 and 24 we characterized the volatile composition of the dynamically new Oort cloud comet C/2012 K1 (PanSTARRS) using the long-slit, high resolution (λ/Δλ ≈ 25,000) near-infrared echelle spectrograph (NIRSPEC) at the 10 m Keck II telescope on Maunakea, Hawaii. We detected fluorescent emission from six primary volatiles (H2O, HCN, CH4, C2H6, CH3OH, and CO). Upper limits were derived for C2H2, NH3, and H2CO. We report rotational temperatures, production rates, and mixing ratios (relative to water). Compared with median abundance ratios for primary volatiles in other sampled Oort cloud comets, trace gas abundance ratios in C/2012 K1 …
In Vivo Characterization Of The Drosophila Mrna 3’-End Processing Core Cleavage Complex: Poly(A) Mrna & Histone Mrna 3’-End Processing, Daniel Michalski
In Vivo Characterization Of The Drosophila Mrna 3’-End Processing Core Cleavage Complex: Poly(A) Mrna & Histone Mrna 3’-End Processing, Daniel Michalski
Dissertations
A core cleavage complex (CCC) consisting of CPSF73, CPSF100 and Symplekin is required for co-transcriptional 3’ end processing of all metazoan pre-mRNAs, yet little is known about the in vivo molecular interactions within this complex. The CCC is a component of two distinct complexes, the cleavage/polyadenylation complex and the complex that processes non-polyadenylated histone pre-mRNAs. RNAi-depletion of CCC factors in Drosophila culture cells causes reduction of CCC processing activity on histone mRNAs, resulting in read through transcription. In contrast, RNAi-depletion of factors only required for histone mRNA processing allows use of downstream cryptic polyadenylation signals to produce polyadenylated histone mRNAs. …
Cyclipostins And Cyclophostin Analogs As Promising Compounds In The Fight Against Tuberculosis, Phuong Nguyen, Vincent Delorme, Anaïs Bénarouche, Benjamin Martin, Rishi Paudel, Giri Gnawali, Abdeldjalil Madani, Rémy Puppo, Valérie Landry, Laurent Kremer, Priscille Brodin, Christopher Spilling, Jean-François Cavalier, Stéphane Canaan
Cyclipostins And Cyclophostin Analogs As Promising Compounds In The Fight Against Tuberculosis, Phuong Nguyen, Vincent Delorme, Anaïs Bénarouche, Benjamin Martin, Rishi Paudel, Giri Gnawali, Abdeldjalil Madani, Rémy Puppo, Valérie Landry, Laurent Kremer, Priscille Brodin, Christopher Spilling, Jean-François Cavalier, Stéphane Canaan
Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Works
A new class of Cyclophostin and Cyclipostins (CyC) analogs have been investigated against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv (M. tb) grown either in broth medium or inside macrophages. Our compounds displayed a diversity of action by acting either on extracellular M. tb bacterial growth only, or both intracellularly on infected macrophages as well as extracellularly on bacterial growth with very low toxicity towards host macrophages. Among the eight potential CyCs identified, CyC 17 exhibited the best extracellular antitubercular activity (MIC50 = 500 nM). This compound was selected and further used in a competitive labelling/enrichment assay against the activity-based probe Desthiobiotin-FP in order …
From Galapagos Doves To Passerines: Spillover Of Haemoproteus Multipigmentatus, Maricruz Jaramillo, Sage Rohrer, Patricia Parker
From Galapagos Doves To Passerines: Spillover Of Haemoproteus Multipigmentatus, Maricruz Jaramillo, Sage Rohrer, Patricia Parker
Biology Department Faculty Works
Haemoproteus (Haemoproteus) multipigmentatus, a haemosporidian parasite thought to be specific to columbiform birds, was detected in passeriform birds on Santiago Island in the Galapagos archipelago. We surveyed birds along an altitudinal gradient on the islands of Santa Cruz, Isabela and Santiago between June 2013 and July 2015. Molecular screening of 2254 individuals from 25 species of endemic and introduced birds revealed clusters of passerine birds positive for H. multipigmentatus on Santiago Island that coincide with captures of Galapagos doves at sampled sites. Of 507 individuals from 10 species of endemic passerines sampled on Santiago, 58 individuals from 6 species were …
Evolution Of Floral Zygomorphy In Androecium And Corolla In Solanaceae, Jingbo Zhang, Peter Stevens, Wenheng Zhang
Evolution Of Floral Zygomorphy In Androecium And Corolla In Solanaceae, Jingbo Zhang, Peter Stevens, Wenheng Zhang
Biology Department Faculty Works
In Solanaceae, a group dominated by actinomorphic‐flowered species, floral zygomorphy is frequently observed among the early‐branching clades. Morphological studies indicated that a zygomorphic androecium is much more common than a zygomorphic corolla in the family. Ontogenic studies suggested the evolution of floral zygomorphy in these two whorls is independent. Here, we have examined the evolution of floral symmetry in the androecium and corolla in Solanaceae. The character states of floral symmetry were assembled for androecium and corolla separately, and ancestral state reconstructions were carried out at both the genus and species levels for Solanaceae and its outgroups. Correlation tests were …
Phylogenetic Patterns Of Rarity In A Regional Species Pool Of Tropical Woody Plants, M. Loza, Iván Jiménez, Peter Jørgensen, Gabriel Arellano, Manuel Macía, Vania Torrez, Robert Ricklefs
Phylogenetic Patterns Of Rarity In A Regional Species Pool Of Tropical Woody Plants, M. Loza, Iván Jiménez, Peter Jørgensen, Gabriel Arellano, Manuel Macía, Vania Torrez, Robert Ricklefs
Biology Department Faculty Works
AimRarity, which is believed to influence extinction risk, can be defined in terms of local abundance, geographical range size and habitat breadth. Phylogenetic patterns in these attributes provide insight into the extent to which rarity and extinction risk are conserved during evolution and the potential for species‐level heritability. We evaluated phylogenetic signal (i.e., related species resembling each other more than species drawn at random) and evolutionary conservatism (similarity among related species exceeding that expected from a Brownian model of evolution) in three axes of rarity (local abundance, geographical range size and habitat breadth) among species in a regional pool of …
Temporal And Demographic Blood Parasite Dynamics In Two Free-Ranging Neotropical Primates, Gideon Erkenswick, Mrinalini Watsa, Alfonso Gozalo, Nicole Dmytryk, Patricia Parker
Temporal And Demographic Blood Parasite Dynamics In Two Free-Ranging Neotropical Primates, Gideon Erkenswick, Mrinalini Watsa, Alfonso Gozalo, Nicole Dmytryk, Patricia Parker
Biology Department Faculty Works
Parasite-host relationships are influenced by several factors intrinsic to hosts, such as social standing, group membership, sex, and age. However, in wild populations, temporal variation in parasite distributions and concomitant infections can alter these patterns. We used microscropy and molecular methods to screen for naturally occurring haemoparasitic infections in two Neotropical primate host populations, the saddleback (Leontocebus weddelli) and emperor (Saguinus imperator) tamarin, in the lowland tropical rainforests of southeastern Peru. Repeat sampling was conducted from known individuals over a three-year period to test for parasite-host and parasite-parasite associations. Three parasites were detected in L. weddelli including Trypanosoma minasense, Mansonella …
Host Sympatry And Body Size Influence Parasite Straggling Rate In A Highly Connected Multihost, Multiparasite System, Jose Rivera-Parra, Iris Levin, Kevin Johnson, Patricia Parker
Host Sympatry And Body Size Influence Parasite Straggling Rate In A Highly Connected Multihost, Multiparasite System, Jose Rivera-Parra, Iris Levin, Kevin Johnson, Patricia Parker
Biology Department Faculty Works
Parasite lineages commonly diverge when host lineages diverge. However, when large clades of hosts and parasites are analyzed, some cases suggest host switching as another major diversification mechanism. The first step in host switching is the appearance of a parasite on an atypical host, or “straggling.” We analyze the conditions associated with straggling events. We use five species of colonially nesting seabirds from the Galapagos Archipelago and two genera of highly specific ectoparasitic lice to examine host switching. We use both genetic and morphological identification of lice, together with measurements of spatial distribution of hosts in mixed breeding colonies, to …
Phospholipase Dζ Enhances Diacylglycerol Flux Into Triacylglycerol, Wenyu Yang, Geliang Wang, Jia Li, Philip Bates, Xuemin Wang, Douglas Allen
Phospholipase Dζ Enhances Diacylglycerol Flux Into Triacylglycerol, Wenyu Yang, Geliang Wang, Jia Li, Philip Bates, Xuemin Wang, Douglas Allen
Biology Department Faculty Works
Plant seeds are the primary source of triacylglycerols (TAG) for food, feed, fuel, and industrial applications. As TAG is produced from diacylglycerol (DAG), successful engineering strategies to enhance TAG levels have focused on the conversion of DAG to TAG. However, the production of TAG can be limited by flux through the enzymatic reactions that supply DAG. In this study, two Arabidopsis phospholipase Dζ genes (AtPLDζ1 and AtPLDζ2) were coexpressed in Camelina sativa to test whether the conversion of phosphatidylcholine to DAG impacts TAG levels in seeds. The resulting transgenic plants produced 2% to 3% more TAG as a component of …
Passerine Morphology: External Measurements Of Approximately One-Quarter Of Passerine Bird Species, Robert Ricklefs
Passerine Morphology: External Measurements Of Approximately One-Quarter Of Passerine Bird Species, Robert Ricklefs
Biology Department Faculty Works
Studies of community organization and clade diversification that include functional traits have become an important component of the analysis of ecological and evolved systems. Such studies frequently are limited by availability of consistently collected data. Here, I present a data set including eight measurements of the external morphology of 1642 species, roughly one‐quarter of all passerine birds (Aves: Order Passeriformes), from all parts of the world, characterizing the relative proportions of the wing, tail, legs, and beak. Specimens were measured opportunistically over the past 40 years in museums in the United States and Europe. Numbers of individuals measured per species …
Seed Dispersal For The Unusual Inflated Berries Of Burmeistera (Campanulaceae), Diana Gamba, N. Maguiña, Camilo Calderón-Acevedo, Karina Torres, Nathan Muchhala
Seed Dispersal For The Unusual Inflated Berries Of Burmeistera (Campanulaceae), Diana Gamba, N. Maguiña, Camilo Calderón-Acevedo, Karina Torres, Nathan Muchhala
Biology Department Faculty Works
Examining dispersal is critical for understanding the diversity of Andean-centered plant lineages, like Burmeistera (Campanulaceae). One-third of its species present an unusual inflated berry. Unlike the bright colors of non-inflated fruits in the genus, these fruits are typically dull-green; however, the fact that the seeds are loosely held in the placenta and easily removed when touched seems to suggest adaptation to animal dispersal. We studied two inflated-baccate species, Burmeistera glabrata and B. borjensis, with the aim of testing the non-exclusive hypotheses that their seeds are dispersed by (1) small mammals, (2) slugs, or (3) adult flies that develop inside the …