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Articles 1 - 17 of 17
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Section Abstracts: Biology With Microbiology And Molecular Biology
Section Abstracts: Biology With Microbiology And Molecular Biology
Virginia Journal of Science
Abstracts of the Biology with Microbiology and Molecular Biology Section for the 91st Annual Virginia Journal of Science Meeting, May 2013
Section Abstracts: Natural History And Biodiversity
Section Abstracts: Natural History And Biodiversity
Virginia Journal of Science
Abstracts of the Natural History and Biodiversity Section for the 91st Annual Virginia Journal of Science Meeting, May 2013
Patterns Of Gene Expression From Human Costal Cartilage In Relation To The Chest Wall Deformity Pectus Carinatum, Janna E. Grubbs
Patterns Of Gene Expression From Human Costal Cartilage In Relation To The Chest Wall Deformity Pectus Carinatum, Janna E. Grubbs
Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations
Cartilage deformities within the human chest wall, specifically pectus excavatum (PE) and pectus carinatum (PC) are common (1/400-1/1000) and yet, despite their clinical significance, are some of the least studied disorders pertaining to cartilage [1]. The costal cartilage connecting "false ribs" 8-10 to the sternum is often abnormally grown and can lead to formation of a severely sunken "funnel" chest (PE) or push outwards to form a "pigeon" chest (PC). Both conditions can have impact on the diaphragm, heart, lungs, and psychological function. An established ratio of PE and PC in males to females is 4:1, indicating a sex-linked male …
Novel Architecture Of Costal Cartilage And Implications In Chest Wall Deformities, Anthony J. Asmar
Novel Architecture Of Costal Cartilage And Implications In Chest Wall Deformities, Anthony J. Asmar
Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations
Costal cartilage is a type of hyaline cartilage that forms rod-like structures that connect the ribs to the sternum. Deformation of costal cartilage is observed in the chest wall deformities, pectus excavatum and pectus carinatum. Pectus excavatum involves a sternal displacement causing a depression of the chest while pectus carinatum causes a protrusion of the chest. As costal cartilage is not a widely studied tissue, this leaves little knowledge into possible factors involved in the pathogenesis of pectus deformities. Costal cartilage in these deformities has been described as being weakened and may implicate proteoglycans which play an important role in …
Undergraduate Research In Biology: Field Studies, Eric Walters
Undergraduate Research In Biology: Field Studies, Eric Walters
Undergraduate Research Symposium
Chair: Eric Walters, Department of Biological Sciences
Undergraduate Research In Biology: Ticks, Holly Gaff
Undergraduate Research In Biology: Ticks, Holly Gaff
Undergraduate Research Symposium
Chair: Dr. Holly Gaff, Department of Biological Sciences
Undergraduate Research In Biology: Aquatic, David Gauthier
Undergraduate Research In Biology: Aquatic, David Gauthier
Undergraduate Research Symposium
Chair: Dr. David Gauthier, Department of Biological Sciences
Age-Associated Metabolic And Morphologic Changes In Mitochondria Of Individual Mouse And Hamster Oocytes, Fatma Simsek-Duran, Fang Li, Wentia Ford, R. James Swanson, Howard W. Jones Jr., Frank J. Castora
Age-Associated Metabolic And Morphologic Changes In Mitochondria Of Individual Mouse And Hamster Oocytes, Fatma Simsek-Duran, Fang Li, Wentia Ford, R. James Swanson, Howard W. Jones Jr., Frank J. Castora
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
Background: In human oocytes, as in other mammalian ova, there is a significant variation in the pregnancy potential, with approximately 20% of oocyte-sperm meetings resulting in pregnancies. This frequency of successful fertilization decreases as the oocytes age. This low proportion of fruitful couplings appears to be influenced by changes in mitochondrial structure and function. In this study, we have examined mitochondrial biogenesis in both hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) and mouse (Mus musculus) ova as models for understanding the effects of aging on mitochondrial structure and energy production within the mammalian oocyte.
Methodology/Principal Findings: Individual metaphase …
Phytoplankton In Virginia Lakes And Reservoirs, Harold G. Marshall
Phytoplankton In Virginia Lakes And Reservoirs, Harold G. Marshall
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
This study involves a phytoplankton summer/autumn survey in 46 Virginia lakes and reservoirs during 2010-2012. A total of 307 taxa were identified which included several filamentous and colonial cyanabacteria in bloom concentrations. With the exception of one natural lake, the other sites sampled represent impoundments created decades ago, with the majority presently classified as meso- or eutrophic. Among the cyanobacteria were 6 known toxin producers (Anabaena circinalis, Anabaena spiroides, Aphanizomenon flos-aquae, Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii, Limnothrix redekei, and Microcystis aeruginosa). The study characterizes phytoplankton populations in these aging freshwater habitats taken from a large number …
Cooperative Breeding And Long-Distance Dispersal: A Test Using Vagrant Records, Caroline L. Rusk, Eric L. Walters, Walter D. Koenig
Cooperative Breeding And Long-Distance Dispersal: A Test Using Vagrant Records, Caroline L. Rusk, Eric L. Walters, Walter D. Koenig
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
Cooperative breeding is generally associated with increased philopatry and sedentariness, presumably because short-distance dispersal facilitates the maintenance of kin groups. There are, however, few data on long-distance dispersal in cooperative breeders-the variable likely to be important for genetic diversification and speciation. We tested the hypothesis that cooperative breeders are less likely to engage in long-distance dispersal events by comparing records of vagrants outside their normal geographic range for matched pairs (cooperatively vs. non-cooperatively breeding) of North American species of birds. Results failed to support the hypothesis of reduced long-distance dispersal among cooperative breeders. Thus, our results counter the conclusion that …
Identifying Requirements For The Invasion Of A Tick Species And Tick-Borne Pathogen Through Ticksim, Holly Gaff, Robyn Nadolny
Identifying Requirements For The Invasion Of A Tick Species And Tick-Borne Pathogen Through Ticksim, Holly Gaff, Robyn Nadolny
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
Ticks and tick-borne diseases have been on the move throughout the United State over the past twenty years. We use an agent-based model, TICKSIM, to identify the key parameters that determine the success of invasion of the tick and if that is successful, the success of the tick-borne pathogen. We find that if an area has competent hosts, an initial population of ten ticks is predicted to always establish a new population. The establishment of the tick-borne pathogen depends on three parameters: the initial prevalence in the ten founding ticks, the probability that a tick infects the longer-lived hosts and …
Pronounced Genetic Structure In A Highly Mobile Coral Reef Fish, Caesio Cuning, In The Coral Triangle, Amanda S. Ackiss, Shinta Pardede, Eric D. Crandall, Ma Carmen A. Ablan-Lagman, Ambariyanto, November Romena, Paul H. Barber, Kent E. Carpenter
Pronounced Genetic Structure In A Highly Mobile Coral Reef Fish, Caesio Cuning, In The Coral Triangle, Amanda S. Ackiss, Shinta Pardede, Eric D. Crandall, Ma Carmen A. Ablan-Lagman, Ambariyanto, November Romena, Paul H. Barber, Kent E. Carpenter
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
The redbelly yellowtail fusilier Caesio cuning has a tropical Indo-West Pacific range that straddles the Coral Triangle, a region of dynamic geological history and the highest marine biodiversity on the planet. Previous genetic studies in the Coral Triangle indicate the presence of multiple limits to connectivity. However, these studies have focused almost exclusively on benthic, reef-dwelling species. Schooling, reef-associated fusiliers (Perciformes: Caesionidae) account for a sizable portion of the annual reef catch in the Coral Triangle, yet to date, there have been no indepth studies on the population structure of fusiliers or other mid-water, reef-associated planktivores across this region. We …
Image-Level And Group-Level Models For Drosophila Gene Expression Pattern Annotation, Quian Sun, Sherin Muckatira, Lei Yuan, Shuiwang Ji, Stuart Newfeld, Sudhir Kumar, Jieping Ye
Image-Level And Group-Level Models For Drosophila Gene Expression Pattern Annotation, Quian Sun, Sherin Muckatira, Lei Yuan, Shuiwang Ji, Stuart Newfeld, Sudhir Kumar, Jieping Ye
Computer Science Faculty Publications
Background: Drosophila melanogaster has been established as a model organism for investigating the developmental gene interactions. The spatio-temporal gene expression patterns of Drosophila melanogaster can be visualized by in situ hybridization and documented as digital images. Automated and efficient tools for analyzing these expression images will provide biological insights into the gene functions, interactions, and networks. To facilitate pattern recognition and comparison, many web-based resources have been created to conduct comparative analysis based on the body part keywords and the associated images. With the fast accumulation of images from high-throughput techniques, manual inspection of images will impose a serious impediment …
Computational Genetic Neuroanatomy Of The Developing Mouse Brain: Dimensionality Reduction, Visualization, And Clustering, Shuiwang Ji
Computer Science Faculty Publications
Background: The structured organization of cells in the brain plays a key role in its functional efficiency. This delicate organization is the consequence of unique molecular identity of each cell gradually established by precise spatiotemporal gene expression control during development. Currently, studies on the molecular-structural association are beginning to reveal how the spatiotemporal gene expression patterns are related to cellular differentiation and structural development.
Results: In this article, we aim at a global, data-driven study of the relationship between gene expressions and neuroanatomy in the developing mouse brain. To enable visual explorations of the high-dimensional data, we map the in …
A Mesh Generation And Machine Learning Framework For Drosophila Gene Expression Pattern Image Analysis, Wenlu Zhang, Daming Feng, Rongjian Li, Andrey Chernikov, Nikos Chrisochoides, Christopher Osgood, Charlotte Konikoff, Stuart Newfeld, Sudhir Kumar, Shuiwang Ji
A Mesh Generation And Machine Learning Framework For Drosophila Gene Expression Pattern Image Analysis, Wenlu Zhang, Daming Feng, Rongjian Li, Andrey Chernikov, Nikos Chrisochoides, Christopher Osgood, Charlotte Konikoff, Stuart Newfeld, Sudhir Kumar, Shuiwang Ji
Computer Science Faculty Publications
Background: Multicellular organisms consist of cells of many different types that are established during development. Each type of cell is characterized by the unique combination of expressed gene products as a result of spatiotemporal gene regulation. Currently, a fundamental challenge in regulatory biology is to elucidate the gene expression controls that generate the complex body plans during development. Recent advances in high-throughput biotechnologies have generated spatiotemporal expression patterns for thousands of genes in the model organism fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. Existing qualitative methods enhanced by a quantitative analysis based on computational tools we present in this paper would provide …
Silver Nanoparticles Induce Developmental Stage-Specific Embryonic Phenotypes In Zebrafish, Kerry J. Lee, Lauren M. Browning, Prakash D. Nallathamby, Christopher J. Osgood, Xiao-Hong Nancy Xu
Silver Nanoparticles Induce Developmental Stage-Specific Embryonic Phenotypes In Zebrafish, Kerry J. Lee, Lauren M. Browning, Prakash D. Nallathamby, Christopher J. Osgood, Xiao-Hong Nancy Xu
Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Publications
Much is anticipated from the development and deployment of nanomaterials in biological organisms, but concerns remain regarding their biocompatibility and target specificity. Here we report our study of the transport, biocompatibility and toxicity of purified and stable silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs, 13.1 ± 2.5 nm in diameter) upon the specific developmental stages of zebrafish embryos using single NP plasmonic spectroscopy. We find that single Ag NPs passively diffuse into five different developmental stages of embryos (cleavage, early-gastrula, early-segmentation, late-segmentation, and hatching stages), showing stage-independent diffusion modes and diffusion coefficients. Notably, the Ag NPs induce distinctive stage and dose-dependent phenotypes and …
Innovative Applications Of Genetic Algorithms To Problems In Accelerator Physics, Alicia Hofler, Balša Terzić, Matthew Kramer, Anton Zvezdin, Vasiliy Morozov, Yves Roblin, Fanglei Lin, Colin Jarvis
Innovative Applications Of Genetic Algorithms To Problems In Accelerator Physics, Alicia Hofler, Balša Terzić, Matthew Kramer, Anton Zvezdin, Vasiliy Morozov, Yves Roblin, Fanglei Lin, Colin Jarvis
Physics Faculty Publications
The genetic algorithm (GA) is a powerful technique that implements the principles nature uses in biological evolution to optimize a multidimensional nonlinear problem. The GA works especially well for problems with a large number of local extrema, where traditional methods (such as conjugate gradient, steepest descent, and others) fail or, at best, underperform. The field of accelerator physics, among others, abounds with problems which lend themselves to optimization via GAs. In this paper, we report on the successful application of GAs in several problems related to the existing Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility nuclear physics machine, the proposed Medium-energy Electron-Ion …