Life Sciences Commons^™

Lifestyle Factors And Ovarian Cancer Outcomes, Imani Butler, Raheem Paxton Phd, Maria Berglund Ms, Mike Hernandez Ms, Lovell A. Jones Bs, Ma, Phd

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Purpose: Few studies have reported on the lifestyle characteristics of ovarian cancer survivors. The objectives of this study were to characterize the associations between physical activity (PA) and body size (BS) with health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and ovarian cancer recurrence in a sample of regional and distal stage ovarian cancer survivors.

Methods: Epithelial ovarian cancer survivors in their first clinical remission, with no evidence of recurrent disease were identified from The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center tumor registry. A total of 51 survivors consented to participate in a battery of self-reported questionnaires. Trained staff collected data on …

Hispanic And Black Children’S Ability To Regulate Energy Intake Across Parent Feeding Styles, Leslie A. Frankel, Sheryl Hughes, Teresia O'Connor, Tzu-An Chen

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Purpose: Satiety Responsiveness (SR) is an individual’s sensitivity to feelings of fullness and hunger (Carnell and Wardle, 2007). Enjoyment of Food (EF) is how responsive a person is to food cues (Carnell and Wardle, 2008). Higher levels of SR and EF are related to BMI (Carnell and Wardle, 2008) and less eating in the absence of hunger (Wardle, Llewellyn, Sanderson and Plomin, 2009) in children. However, little is known about the relationship between these two appetitive traits and parent feeding style, especially amongst low income minority samples. Method: 160 Hispanic and 141 Black parents (62.58% underweight/healthy weight, 18.71% overweight, 18.71% …

Race & Gender Disparities In The Embedding And Accumulation Of Childhood Poverty On Young Adult Bmi, Daphne C. Hernandez, Emily Pressler

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Purpose: A disproportionate number of race/ethnic minorities are both impoverished and overweight compared to white populations. Experiencing poverty during childhood is positively correlated with being obese in adulthood, especially for females. However, it is unclear whether it is the embedding of childhood poverty (i.e. timing of childhood poverty in relation to children’s stage of development) or the accumulation (i.e. duration) of the exposure to childhood poverty which contributes to the race and gender disparities in young adult body mass index (BMI). Method: Data from the 1979 National Longitudinal Study of Youth and the Children and Young Adult file were used …

Evaluation Of Comadres De Salud-A Culturally Sensitive Obesity Prevention Intervention For Latinas, Martina R. Gallagher

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Title: EVALUATION OF COMADRES DE SALUD-A CULTURALLY SENSITIVE OBESITY PREVENTION INTERVENTION FOR LATINAS

Authors: Martina R. Gallagher, PhD, MSN1, RN, Tracey Ledoux, PhD, RD2,

McClain Sampson, PhD3

Affiliations: 1School of Nursing, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 2Texas Obesity Research Center, Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, 3College of Social Work, University of Houston

Purpose: The aim was to conduct a formative assessment of a community-based obesity prevention intervention, “Comadres de Salud” (Kin Sisters in Health). Based on the Social Cognitive Theory, Comadres de Salud is a multicomponent intervention aimed at improving diet and physical …

Solving The Obesity Epidemic In African American And Hispanic Communities: Voices From The Community, Scherezade K. Mama, Erica G. Soltero, Tracey A. Ledoux, Rebecca E. Lee

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Purpose: Science & Community: Ending Obesity Improving Health (Science & Community) aimed at reducing obesity in Houston by developing partnerships and collaborating with community organizations to identify community research priorities and develop an obesity reduction program. Method: Partnership members were recruited from Science & Community events and invited to participate in in-depth interviews to gain insight on obesity prevalence, causes, and solutions. Partnership and community members (N=22) completed a 60-90 minute in-depth interview with a trained Science & Community team member. The interview guide consisted of 30 questions about pressing health problems in the community, potential solutions to …

Correlation Of Air Displacement Plethysmography With Alternative Body Fat Measurement Techniques In Men And Women, Brittany L. Reinert, Roberta Pohlman, Lynn Hartzler

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 5(4) : 367-378, 2012. Obesity has reached epidemic proportions with serious health consequences. Techniques used to measure body fat (BF) yield variable BF estimates, and this variability may lead to underestimation or overestimation of BF and subsequent treatment options. The measurements that are most accurate (Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) and Air Displacement Plethysmography (ADP)) are expensive and often unavailable. The purpose of this study is to find the commonly available BF measurement that is the most accurate and practical for individual body types in the general population and compare these measurements to ADP (BOD POD …

Stabillity Ball Sitting Elevates Peak Arm Ergometry Oxygen Consumption And Heart Rate, Charles R.C Marks, Leah Dupuie, Jennifer Patros

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 5(4) : 360-366, 2012. This study compared sitting on a stability ball (B) to sitting on a chair (C) during arm ergometry to determine the impact on peak VO₂, peak heart rate (HR), and exercise intensity prescription. Open-circuit spirometer, blood pressure, and HR were monitored during rest and continuous graded exercise test to exhaustion using an arm ergometer. Twenty-seven apparently healthy adults exercised twice, once at B and the other trial C (order randomized), with 60 minutes of rest between trials. ANOVA for repeated measures (a < 0.05) and paired t testing using Holm's-sequential Bonferroni were used …

Decreases In Maximal Oxygen Uptake Among Army Reserve Officers’ Training Corps Cadets Following Three Months Without Mandatory Physical Training, Gary Liguori, Kassie Krebsbach, John Schuna Jr.

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 5(4) : 354-359, 2012. During the academic year, Army ROTC cadets are required to participate in mandatory physical training; however, during summer months training is not required. The purpose of this study was to determine if there is a change in cadet VO_2max after the summer when training is not mandatory. Participants completed a graded exercise treadmill test to determine their VO_2max in late spring of 2010 and again in early fall of 2010. Results indicated that over a three-month break from mandatory physical training, a significant decrease in VO_2max was seen …

Stroboscopic Training Enhances Anticipatory Timing, Trevor Q. Smith, Stephen R. Mitroff

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 5(4) : 344-353, 2012. The dynamic aspects of sports often place heavy demands on visual processing. As such, an important goal for sports training should be to enhance visual abilities. Recent research has suggested that training in a stroboscopic environment, where visual experiences alternate between visible and obscured, may provide a means of improving attentional and visual abilities. The current study explored whether stroboscopic training could impact anticipatory timing—the ability to predict where a moving stimulus will be at a specific point in time. Anticipatory timing is a critical skill for both sports and non-sports …

Kinematic Analysis Of Four Plyometric Push-Up Variations, Laura H. Moore, Michael J. Tankovich Atc, Cscs, Bryan L. Riemann Phd, Atc, George J. Davies Dpt, Atc

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 5(4) : 334-343, 2012. Plyometric research in the upper extremity is limited, with the effects of open-chain plyometric exercises being studied most. Kinematic and ground reaction force data concerning closed-chain upper extremity plyometrics has yet to be examined. Twenty-one recreationally active male subjects performed four variations of plyometric push-ups in a counterbalanced order. These included box drop push-ups from 3.8 cm, 7.6 cm, 11.4 cm heights, and clap push-ups. Kinematics of the trunk, dominant extremity and both hands were collected to examine peak flight, elbow flexion at ground contact, elbow displacement, and hand separation. Additionally …

The Effects Of A Short Term Novel Aquatic Exercise Program On Functional Strength And Performance Of Older Adults, H. Scott Kieffer, Marie Attanasi Lehman, Danielle M. Veacock, Laura Korkuch

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 5(4) : 321-333, 2012. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a short-term novel multidimensional aquatic exercise program on functional abilities of healthy older adults. Twenty-six men and women (mean age 76.33 + 5.55 years) were recruited and assigned to an aquatic- (n = 15) or land-based (n = 11) training group. The aquatic training group completed a multidimensional water exercise program that incorporated resistance training, functional exercise movements and rudimentary aquatic plyometric activities. The active control group participated in a supervised land-based fitness program. Each exercise intervention was conducted over …

Biomechanical Effects Of Obesity On Balance, Hannah Del Porto, Celia Pechak, Darla Smith, Rebecca Reed-Jones

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 5(4) : 301-320, 2012. The objective of this review was to analyze the current literature related to the effects of obesity on balance. These effects were observed during conditions of static balance, perturbed balance and dynamic balance during gait. The literature review included studies focused on the biomechanical effects of obesity, the relationship between weight loss and balance, and the relative efficacy of weight loss as a balance intervention. The older adult population, which faces increased risk of falls and related injuries, was highlighted where targeted research was available. The existing literature provides evidence for …

Physical Activity Behaviour Of Paediatric Patients With Type 1 Diabetes, Freya Macmillan, Alison Kirk, Nanette Mutrie

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Type 1 diabetes is a common chronic condition in children and young people and its prevalence is increasing worldwide. Paediatric patients with Type 1 diabetes can have poorer health and overall quality of life than their non-diabetic peers and some studies suggest that they may be less active than their non-diabetic peers. Regular physical activity has many potential health benefits for any young person but can also benefit areas of health specifically important for those with Type 1 diabetes. In addition being regularly active can reduce the risk of developing diabetic complications. Promoting physical activity participation in this population is …

A Diabetic Adolescent Case Study: Use Of A Website In Combination With An Exercise Program To Increase Physical Activity, Danielle Buckley, Nicole Demilia, Stephanie Tanzi, Furong Xu, Linda S. Lamont

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 5(3) : 296-300, 2012. The purpose of this study was to report on the efficacy of a web-based technology support to encourage physical activity in children. This program was designed to promote physical activity and proper nutrition in the diabetic adolescent with a weekly meeting that consisted of a 30-minute educational session followed by 60-minutes of exercise. A specifically designed website was used as a support to this weekly supervised exercise program. Outcomes assessment included body mass index (BMI), muscle strength (grip strength, back and leg strength), flexibility, exercise self-efficacy, and physical activity participation (pedometer, …

Exercise Therapy For Plantar Heel Pain: A Systematic Review, Ameer A. Almubarak, Nadine Foster

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 5(3) : 276-289, 2012. This study aimed to review the evidence of exercise therapy in the treatment of Plantar Heel Pain. Comprehensive search strategy was conducted to identify randomized and quasi-randomized trials. The primary outcome was pain intensity; the secondary outcome was functional limitation. From an initial list of 2327 potentially relevant trials, seven trials were included. Most trials included short-term follow up only of pain and function outcomes. Narrative review revealed limited evidence that stretching exercise alone was superior to other conservative treatments; combining other conservative treatments with stretching was more effective than stretching …

Nitric Oxide And The Biological Cascades Underlying Increased Neurogenesis, Enhanced Learning Ability, And Academic Ability As An Effect Of Increased Bouts Of Physical Activity, Samuel Hunt, James W. Navalta

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 5(3) : 245-275, 2012. The consummate principle underlying all physiological research is corporeal adaptation at every level of the organism observed. With respect to humans, the body learns to function based on the external stimuli from the environment, beginning in the womb, throughout the developmental stages of life. Nitric Oxide (NO) appears to be the governor of the plasticity of several systems in mammals implicit in their proper development. It is the purpose of this review to describe the physiological pathways that lead to plasticity of not only the vasculature but also of the brain …

Concurrent Verbal Encouragement And Wingate Anaerobic Cycle Test Performance In Females: Athletes Vs. Non-Athletes, Dyana L. Bullinger, Christopher M. Hearon, Stacey A. Gaines, Michael L. Daniel

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 5(3) : 239-244, 2012. To examine the effect of concurrent verbal encouragement on the performance of the WAnT in female athletes vs. female non-athletes. College-age female subjects were recruited where ten of the subjects were intercollegiate athletes (ATH, n₁=10) and the nine were non-athletes (NON, n₂=9). The WAnT was novel to all subjects and the subjects were blinded to the study’s purpose. Prior to the experimental trials, subjects were measured for body composition and performed a familiarity WAnT trial without verbal encouragement. Subjects then performed the WAnT twice, once with concurrent …

Short Duration High-Intensity Interval Training Improves Aerobic Conditioning Of Female College Soccer Players, Andrea E. Rowan, Tannin E. Kueffner, Stasinos Stavrianeas

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 5(3) : 232-238, 2012. We hypothesized that High-intensity Interval Training (HIIT) is comparable to traditional endurance training for improving aerobic capacity over a 5-week training period. A VO_2max test and Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery 1 test (Yo-Yo) were conducted by the HIIT group (Sprint Training (SPR); 5 maximal sprint efforts with 30 seconds of stimulus and 4.5 minutes of active recovery, twice weekly) and the endurance group (END; 40-min run at 80% of VO_2max, twice weekly) before and after intervention. Following initial testing, female NCAA D-III level soccer players were matched for VO …

Development And Comparison Of Two Field-Based Body Fat Prediction Equations: Nhanes 1999-2004, Michael Zanovec, Jing Wang, Carol E. O'Neil

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 5(3) : 223-231, 2012. Clinical guidelines define obesity in terms of excess body weight adjusted for height (i.e., bodymass index [BMI] categories) and/or gender-specific waist circumference (WC) cut-point values. Since body composition, particularly fat mass, is the most variable among individuals due to differences by gender, age, and race, and total percent body fat (%BF) can be estimated accurately using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), the purpose of this study was to develop and compare two field-based body fat prediction equations suitable for a nationally representative sample of the US adult population. Data were analyzed from …

Energy Drinks: Ergolytic Or Ergogenic?, Joe Sillivent, Jennifer Blevins-Mcnaughton, Kayla Peak

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 5(3) : 214-222, 2012. Despite the growing popularity of energy drinks, many do not realize the negative effects on the cardiovascular system. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of energy drink ingestion on estimated VO₂max, heart rate (HR), systolic and diastolic BP (SBP and DBP, respectively), rate pressure product (RPP), and RPE at rest and during exercise. Seven healthy adults (age: 24.3 ± 3.5 yrs; body mass: = 66.0 ± 2.2 kg) participated in this randomized double blind, crossover study. Subjects ingested a placebo (PL) or Redline (RL) energy …

Validation Of Three Body Composition Techniques With A Comparison Of Ultrasound Abdominal Fat Depths Against An Octopolar Bioelectrical Impedance Device, Kelly E. Johnson, Ian A. Naccarato, Michelle A. Corder, Wendy Repovich

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 5(3) : 205-213, 2012. The aims of this study were to cross-validate three clinical-grade measures of body composition, using an octopolar Bioelectrical Impedance (BIA), an ultrasound analyzer (US) and Air-Displacement Plethysmography (ADP) and second to compare the US scans of total abdominal, subcutaneous and visceral fat depths (mm) against the trunk percent fat (%BF) from the octopolar BIA. Twenty-six college-aged (22.9 ± 1.35 years) men (n = 18) and women (n = 8) volunteered to participate in this study. Body composition was assessed using BIA (total and by segments), ADP and US. In addition, total …

The Effect Of Kinesio Tape® On Lower Extremity Functional Movement Screen™ Scores, Hyun Mo An, Catherine Grove Miller, Michael Mcelveen, James M. Lynch

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 5(3) : 196-204, 2012. The purpose was to determine if application of Kinesio Tape (KT^®) improves lower extremity scores on the Functional Movement Screen (FMS™). Individual FMS™ score assessments of 32 college students were obtained. The subjects were then randomized into treatment and control groups. The treatment group had a second FMS™ score after application of KT^® to the lower extremity while the control group had a second FMS™ score with no intervention. 16 varsity women’s basketball players and 16 non-varsity female students (Tegner Scale: 6.84 ±1.25, Age: 19±1.2, Height: 165.1±15.1cm, Weight: …

Variation In Barbell Position Relative To Shoulder And Foot Anatomical Landmarks Alters Movement Efficiency, Shelley Hancock, Frank Wyatt, J. Lon Kilgore

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 5(3) : 183-195, 2012. The purpose of this study was to determine if either of the two deadlift starting positions would yield a more efficient movement than the other; (1) the traditional Olympic lifting and deadlift starting position with the barbell over the metatarsalphalangeal joint and under the acromioclavicular joint or (2) an experimental alignment with the bar over the navicular bone and under the most inferior and medial aspect of the scapular spine. This second starting position, developed as a teaching convention, differs from the historical alignment of toes-barbell-shoulder joint and is also proposed …

Actical Accelerometry Cut-Points For Quantifying Levels Of Exertion: Comparing Normal And Overweight Adults, Jamie Giffuni, Robert G. Mcmurray, Todd Schwartz, Diane Berry

International Journal of Exercise Science

Int J Exerc Sci 5(2) : 170-182, 2012. Weight, body fatness and ambulatory pattern all have the potential to affect accelerometer output and cause differences in output between overweight and normal-weight adults. The purpose of this study was to determine if Actical (Philips Respironics, Bend, OR) activity count cut-points for moderate and vigorous intensity exercise are different for overweight adults compared to normal-weight adults. Overweight adults with BMI >25 kg/m² (n=29) and Normal-Weight adults (n=25) walked at 3.2 and 4.8 km∙h^-1 and ran at 6.4 km∙h^-1 on a treadmill while simultaneously wearing an Actical accelerometer and obtaining measurements …

Physiologic Responses, Liking And Motivation For Playing The Same Video Game On An Active Versus A Traditional, Non-Active Gaming System., Gabriel J. Sanders, Antonia S. Santo, Corey A. Peacock, Kyle-Patrick Von Carlowitz, Megan L. Williamson, Jacob E. Barkley

International Journal of Exercise Science

Int J Exerc Sci 5(2) : 160-169, 2012. Evidence suggests that individuals playing certain video games on the Nintendo Wii® (Wii) exhibit increased energy expenditure versus traditional video games, although little research examines non-Wii Sports/Fit games. The purpose of this study is to assess physiologic responses, liking, and the relative reinforcing value (RRV) of a popular, non-Wii sports video game for the Wii relative to the same game played on a traditional, non-active system. Twenty-four college-aged students participated. Heart rate and oxygen consumption (O₂) was assessed during rest and when playing the following games: Madden NFL 2011® for …

The Use Of The Blood Lactate Curve To Develop Training Intensity Guidelines For The Sports Of Track And Field And Cross-Country, Chris P. Belcher, Cynthia L. Pemberton

International Journal of Exercise Science

Int J Exerc Sci 5(2) : 148-159, 2012. The purpose of this study was to develop and field test a standardized system of training intensity guidelines for the sport of track and field/cross country, modeled after the standardized system of training intensity guidelines developed, adopted, and in use by U.S.A. Swimming. This study was quantitative and focused on the development and field-testing of standardized training intensity guidelines, based on the blood lactate curve and energy metabolism. The findings showed that as intensity increased so did participants’ blood lactate concentration, heart rate, and ratings of perceived exertion. A Pearson product-moment correlation …

Effects Of Short Term Low Intensity Resistance Training With Blood Flow Restriction On Bone Markers And Muscle Cross-Sectional Area In Young Men, Sojung Kim, Vanessa D. Sherk, Michael G. Bemben, Debra A. Bemben

International Journal of Exercise Science

Int J Exerc Sci 5(2) : 136-147, 2012. This study compared the effects of short term resistance training with and without blood flow restriction (BFR) on bone turnover markers and muscle cross-sectional area (MCSA) in young men (18-35 yrs). Subjects were randomly assigned to a BFR (20% 1RM) resistance training group (BFRT, n=10), a high intensity (80% 1RM) resistance training group (RT, n=10), or a BFR only group (BFR, n=10). Both BFRT and RT trained 3 days per week (2 sets, 10 repetitions) for 3 weeks for leg press, knee extension, and knee flexion isotonic exercises. BFR underwent the BFR …

Sam: A Tool For Measurement Of Moderate To Vigorous Physical Activity (Mvpa) In School Physical Education, Kampol Surapiboonchai, Steven R. Furney, Robert F. Reardon, James Eldridge, Tinker D. Murray

International Journal of Exercise Science

Int J Exerc Sci 5(2) : 127-135, 2012. Observational methods have been a primary methodology used by physical educators for assessing teacher and student behaviors in school physical education (PE) classes for over 30 years. Observational instruments traditionally used in PE are economical, but are time intensive and complicated. Recently national PE recommendations have been promoted to encourage practitioners to achieve ≥ 50% of PE class in moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA). The purpose of this preliminary study was to develop, validate, and test the reliability of the Simple Activity Measurement (SAM) instrument for assessing MVPA during school PE …

Ground Reaction Forces Generated By Twenty-Eight Hatha Yoga Postures, Sylvia J. Wilcox, Ron Hager, Barbara Lockhart, Matthew K. Seeley

International Journal of Exercise Science

Int J Exerc Sci 5(2) : 114-126, 2012. Adherents claim many benefits from the practice of yoga, including promotion of bone health and prevention of osteoporosis. However, no known studies have investigated whether yoga enhances bone mineral density. Furthermore, none have estimated reaction forces applied by yoga practitioners. The purpose of this study was to collect ground reaction force (GRF) data on a variety of hatha yoga postures that would commonly be practiced in fitness centers or private studios. Twelve female and eight male volunteers performed a sequence of 28 hatha yoga postures while GRF data were collected with an …

Differences In Force-Velocity Characteristics Of Upper And Lower Limbs Of Non-Competitive Male Boxers, Danai Giovani, Pantelis Theodoros Nikolaidis

International Journal of Exercise Science

Int J Exerc Sci 5(2) : 106-113, 2012. Despite the increasing popularity of boxing, only a few studies have been conducted on the physiology or the biomechanics of this sport. The aim of the present study is to examine the ratios of mechanical characteristics (maximal anaerobic power, P_max, theoretical maximal force, F₀, and velocity, v₀) between upper and lower limbs of male boxers. Twelve male caucasians, all members of a local fitness club, aged 29.5 (3.2) yr [mean (standard deviation)], stature 1.74 (.05) m, body mass 77.9 (8.1) kg, body fat 22.4 (3.9) % …