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Articles 1 - 30 of 57
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Adaptive Divergence In The Thyroid Hormone Signaling Pathway In The Stickleback Radiation, Jun Kitano, Sean C. Lema, J. Adam Luckenbach, Seiichi Mori, Yui Kawagishi, Makoto Kusakabe, Penny Swanson, Catherine L. Peichel
Adaptive Divergence In The Thyroid Hormone Signaling Pathway In The Stickleback Radiation, Jun Kitano, Sean C. Lema, J. Adam Luckenbach, Seiichi Mori, Yui Kawagishi, Makoto Kusakabe, Penny Swanson, Catherine L. Peichel
Biological Sciences
During adaptive radiations, animals colonize diverse environments, which requires adaptation in multiple phenotypic traits. Because hormones mediate the dynamic regulation of suites of phenotypic traits, evolutionary changes in hormonal signaling pathways might contribute to adaptation to new environments. Here we report changes in the thyroid hormone signaling pathway in stream-resident ecotypes of threespine stickleback fish (Gasterosteus aculeatus), which have repeatedly evolved from ancestral marine ecotypes. Stream-resident fish exhibit a lower plasma concentration of thyroid hormone and a lower metabolic rate, which is likely adaptive for permanent residency in small streams. The thyroid-stimulating hormone-β2 (TSHβ …
Flowering Locus C Influences The Timing Of Shoot Maturation In Arabidopsis Thaliana, Laurie Mentzer, Tarah Yee, Tina Y. Wang, Edward Himelblau
Flowering Locus C Influences The Timing Of Shoot Maturation In Arabidopsis Thaliana, Laurie Mentzer, Tarah Yee, Tina Y. Wang, Edward Himelblau
Biological Sciences
No abstract provided.
Designing Marine Reserve Networks For Both Conservation And Fisheries Management, Steven D. Gaines, Crow White, Mark H. Carr, Stephen R. Palumbi
Designing Marine Reserve Networks For Both Conservation And Fisheries Management, Steven D. Gaines, Crow White, Mark H. Carr, Stephen R. Palumbi
Biological Sciences
Marine protected areas (MPAs) that exclude fishing have been shown repeatedly to enhance the abundance, size, and diversity of species. These benefits, however, mean little to most marine species, because individual protected areas typically are small. To meet the larger-scale conservation challenges facing ocean ecosystems, several nations are expanding the benefits of individual protected areas by building networks of protected areas. Doing so successfully requires a detailed understanding of the ecological and physical characteristics of ocean ecosystems and the responses of humans to spatial closures. There has been enormous scientific interest in these topics, and frameworks for the design of …
Nonylphenol In Marine Organisms In North American Estuaries: Trophic Chain Accumulation And Proteomic Responses, Lars Tomanek, J. M. Diehl, S. E. Johnson, K. Xia, S. J. Teh
Nonylphenol In Marine Organisms In North American Estuaries: Trophic Chain Accumulation And Proteomic Responses, Lars Tomanek, J. M. Diehl, S. E. Johnson, K. Xia, S. J. Teh
Biological Sciences
No abstract provided.
The Role Of Oxidative Stress In Setting Thermal Tolerance Limits In Mytilus, Lars Tomanek
The Role Of Oxidative Stress In Setting Thermal Tolerance Limits In Mytilus, Lars Tomanek
Biological Sciences
No abstract provided.
Notonecta Exhibit Threat-Sensitive, Predator-Induced Dispersal, Shannon J. Mccauley, Locke Rowe
Notonecta Exhibit Threat-Sensitive, Predator-Induced Dispersal, Shannon J. Mccauley, Locke Rowe
Biological Sciences
Dispersal is a central process determining community structure in heterogeneous landscapes, and species interactions within habitats may be a major determinant of dispersal. Although the effects of species interactions on dispersal within habitats have been well studied, how species interactions affect the movement of individuals between habitats in a landscape has received less attention. We conducted two experiments to assess the extent to which predation risk affects dispersal from an aquatic habitat by a flight-capable semi-aquatic insect (Notonecta undulata). Exposure to non-lethal (caged) fish fed conspecifics increased dispersal rates in N. undulata. Moreover, dispersal rate was positively correlated with the …
Pismo Beach Fecal Contamination Source Identification Study: Final Report, Christopher L. Kitts, Michael W. Black, Mark M. Moline, Marie Yeung, Alice K. Hamrick, Ian C. Robbins, Andrew A. Schaffner, Nathania I. Boutet
Pismo Beach Fecal Contamination Source Identification Study: Final Report, Christopher L. Kitts, Michael W. Black, Mark M. Moline, Marie Yeung, Alice K. Hamrick, Ian C. Robbins, Andrew A. Schaffner, Nathania I. Boutet
Biological Sciences
No abstract provided.
Turning Crocodilian Hearts Into Bird Hearts: Growth Rates Are Similar For Alligators With And Without Right-To-Left Cardiac Shunt, John Eme, June Gwalthney, Tomasz Owerkowicz, Jason M. Blank, James W. Hicks
Turning Crocodilian Hearts Into Bird Hearts: Growth Rates Are Similar For Alligators With And Without Right-To-Left Cardiac Shunt, John Eme, June Gwalthney, Tomasz Owerkowicz, Jason M. Blank, James W. Hicks
Biological Sciences
The functional and possible adaptive significance of non-avian reptiles’ dual aortic arch system and the ability of all non-avian reptiles to perform central vascular cardiac shunts have been of great interest to comparative physiologists. The unique cardiac anatomy of crocodilians – a four-chambered heart with the dual aortic arch system – allows for only right-to-left (R–L; pulmonary bypass) cardiac shunt and for surgical elimination of this shunt. Surgical removal of the R–L shunt, by occluding the left aorta (LAo) upstream and downstream of the foramen of Panizza, results in a crocodilian with an obligatory, avian/mammalian central circulation. In this study, …
Sierra Nevada Red Fox (Vulpes Vulpes Necator): A Conservation Assessment, John D. Perrine, Lori A. Campbell, Gregory A. Green
Sierra Nevada Red Fox (Vulpes Vulpes Necator): A Conservation Assessment, John D. Perrine, Lori A. Campbell, Gregory A. Green
Biological Sciences
One goal of the Sierra Nevada Forest Plan Amendment (SNFPA) 2001 and 2004 Records of Decision was to protect and recover native Sierra Nevada red fox (Vulpes vulpes necator) populations in the Sierra Nevada (USDA Forest Service 2001 p. 14). To accomplish this goal, the ROD commits the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Service to completing a conservation assessment for the Sierra Nevada red fox in cooperation with other federal, state, and local agencies, as well as Tribal governments. This conservation assessment synthesizes the best available scientific information and thought concerning habitat relationships, population status and trends, historical and …
Barnacle Settlement And The Adhesion Of Protein And Diatom Microfouling To Xerogel Films With Varying Surface Energy And Water Wettability, John A. Finlay, Stephanie M. Bennett, Lenora H. Brewer, Anastasiya Sokolova, Gemma Clay, Nikhil Gunari, Anne E. Meyer, Gilbert C. Walker, Dean E. Wendt, Maureen E. Callow, James A. Callow, Michael R. Detty
Barnacle Settlement And The Adhesion Of Protein And Diatom Microfouling To Xerogel Films With Varying Surface Energy And Water Wettability, John A. Finlay, Stephanie M. Bennett, Lenora H. Brewer, Anastasiya Sokolova, Gemma Clay, Nikhil Gunari, Anne E. Meyer, Gilbert C. Walker, Dean E. Wendt, Maureen E. Callow, James A. Callow, Michael R. Detty
Biological Sciences
Previous work has shown that organosilica-based xerogels have the potential to control biofouling. In this study, modifications of chemistry were investigated with respect to their resistance to marine slimes and to settlement of barnacle cyprids. Adhesion force measurements of bovine serum albumin (BSA)-coated atomic force microscopy (AFM) tips to xerogel surfaces prepared from aminopropylsilyl-, fluorocarbonsilyl-, and hydrocarbonsilyl-containing precursors, indicated that adhesion was significantly less on the xerogel surfaces in comparison to a poly(dimethylsiloxane) elastomer (PDMSE) standard. The strength of adhesion of BSA on the xerogels was highest on surfaces with the highest and the lowest critical surface tensions, gamma(C) and …
Grand Challenges In Comparative Physiology: Integration Across Disciplines And Across Levels Of Biological Organization, Donald L. Mykles, Cameron K. Galambor, Jonathon H. Stillman, Lars Tomanek
Grand Challenges In Comparative Physiology: Integration Across Disciplines And Across Levels Of Biological Organization, Donald L. Mykles, Cameron K. Galambor, Jonathon H. Stillman, Lars Tomanek
Biological Sciences
No abstract provided.
Effects Of Testosterone And Captivity On Medial And Dorsal Cortex Volumes And Neurogenesis In Adult Male Western Fence Lizards, Sceloporus Occidentalis, D. R. Pfau, S. Y. Potter, D. F. Denardo, E. N. Taylor, C. R. Strand
Effects Of Testosterone And Captivity On Medial And Dorsal Cortex Volumes And Neurogenesis In Adult Male Western Fence Lizards, Sceloporus Occidentalis, D. R. Pfau, S. Y. Potter, D. F. Denardo, E. N. Taylor, C. R. Strand
Biological Sciences
In lizards, the medial cortex and dorsal cortex are thought to be homologous to the hippocampus in birds and mammals, in that these regions are functionally involved with spatial memory and learning. In birds and mammals, neurogenesis continues into adulthood in these regions and is associated with ability of spatial memory tasks. Little is known about whether adult neurogenesis contributes to memory formation or spatial memory in lizards. In some lizards, territory size is correlated with testosterone (T) levels. If T affects these brain regions to help with spatial navigation, manipulating T levels may influence the medial or dorsal cortex …
Proteomic Analysis Of The Purple Sea Urchin, Strongylocentrotus Purpuratus, In Response To Acute Heat Stress, M. W. Webb, M. Devian, L. Tomanek
Proteomic Analysis Of The Purple Sea Urchin, Strongylocentrotus Purpuratus, In Response To Acute Heat Stress, M. W. Webb, M. Devian, L. Tomanek
Biological Sciences
No abstract provided.
The Proteomic Response Of Mytilus Galloprovincialis And M. Trossulus To Acute Temperature Stress, Lars Tomanek, Marcus Zuzow
The Proteomic Response Of Mytilus Galloprovincialis And M. Trossulus To Acute Temperature Stress, Lars Tomanek, Marcus Zuzow
Biological Sciences
No abstract provided.
Diurnal Rhythms Of Behavior And Brain Mrna Expression For Arginine Vasotocin, Isotocin, And Their Receptors In Wild Amargosa Pupfish (Cyprinodon Nevadensis Amargosae), Sean C. Lema, Lauren J. Wagstaff, Nina M. Gardner
Diurnal Rhythms Of Behavior And Brain Mrna Expression For Arginine Vasotocin, Isotocin, And Their Receptors In Wild Amargosa Pupfish (Cyprinodon Nevadensis Amargosae), Sean C. Lema, Lauren J. Wagstaff, Nina M. Gardner
Biological Sciences
Amargosa pupfish (Cyprinodon nevadensis amargosae) occupy remote desert habitats that vary widely in environmental conditions from day to night. In this study, die! patterns of behavior were documented for pupfish in their natural habitat, and examined relative to changes in the abundance of mRNAs encoding prepro-arginine vasotocin (pro-VT), prepro-isotocin (pro-IT), three distinct vasotocin receptors (V1a1, V1a2, and V2), and an isotocin receptor (ITR) in the brain. The behavior of wild pupfish varied diurnally, with frequent aggression from 12:00 to 15:00 h and courtship and spawning most common between 15:00 and 19:00h. Transcript abundance for pro-VT in the brain …
How Do Polar Marine Ecosystems Respond To Rapid Climate Change?, Oscar Schofield, Hugh W. Ducklow, Douglas G. Martinson, Michael P. Meredith, Mark A. Moline, William R. Fraser
How Do Polar Marine Ecosystems Respond To Rapid Climate Change?, Oscar Schofield, Hugh W. Ducklow, Douglas G. Martinson, Michael P. Meredith, Mark A. Moline, William R. Fraser
Biological Sciences
Climate change will alter marine ecosystems; however, the complexity of the food webs, combined with chronic undersampling, constrains efforts to predict their future and to optimally manage and protect marine resources. Sustained observations at the West Antarctic Peninsula show that in this region, rapid environmental change has coincided with shifts in the food web, from its base up to apex predators. New strategies will be required to gain further insight into how the marine climate system has influenced such changes and how it will do so in the future. Robotic networks, satellites, ships, and instruments mounted on animals and ice …
Identification Of Multiple Vasotocin Receptor Cdnas In Teleost Fish: Sequences, Phylogenetic Analysis, Sites Of Expression, And Regulation In The Hypothalamus And Gill In Response To Hyperosmotic Challenge, Sean C. Lema
Biological Sciences
Vasopressin and its homolog vasotocin regulate hydromineral balance, stress responses, and social behaviors in vertebrates. In mammals, the functions of vasopressin are mediated via three classes of membrane-bound receptors: V1a-type, V1b-type and V2-type. To date, however, only a single class of vasotocin receptor has been identified in teleost fish. Here, cDNAs encoding three putative vasotocin receptors – two distinct V1a-type receptor paralogs (V1a1 and V1a2) and a previously undescribed V2- type receptor (V2) – and a single isotocin receptor were isolated and sequenced from the Amargosa pupfish (Cyprinodon nevadensis amargosae). RT-PCR revealed that mRNAs …
Ocean Currents Help Explain Population Genetic Structure, Crow White, Kimberly A. Selkoe, James Watson, David A. Siegel, Danielle C. Zacherl, Robert J. Toonen
Ocean Currents Help Explain Population Genetic Structure, Crow White, Kimberly A. Selkoe, James Watson, David A. Siegel, Danielle C. Zacherl, Robert J. Toonen
Biological Sciences
No abstract provided.
Design And Implementation Of Marine Biology Lessons At The Avila Beach Sea Life Center, Heather L. Price
Design And Implementation Of Marine Biology Lessons At The Avila Beach Sea Life Center, Heather L. Price
Biological Sciences
No abstract provided.
The Significance Of The Male Display During Male-Male Interactions In Guppies (Poecilia Reticulata), Rebecca Nuffer, Samantha M. Alburn
The Significance Of The Male Display During Male-Male Interactions In Guppies (Poecilia Reticulata), Rebecca Nuffer, Samantha M. Alburn
Biological Sciences
Guppies, Poecilia reticulata, are a model species for studies of female preference based on male courtship displays; however, males also display to each other in an aggressive context, and little attention has been paid to the role of male-male displays. The display involves a male positioning his body in front or to the side of another male, arching his body, and quivering with his dorsal fin splayed. To understand what behaviors elicit a male display, we assigned individual males a dominance status. We then examined the relationship between dominance status and the number of displays delivered and received. By …
Botanical Report Of Tierra Redonda Mountain Blm Area Of Critical Environmental Concern, San Luis Obispo County, California (W120˚59’41”; N35˚45’59”)., Anthony Baniaga, Andrew Theo Fitanides
Botanical Report Of Tierra Redonda Mountain Blm Area Of Critical Environmental Concern, San Luis Obispo County, California (W120˚59’41”; N35˚45’59”)., Anthony Baniaga, Andrew Theo Fitanides
Biological Sciences
The purpose of this document is to report the results of a botanical survey of a portion of the Tierra Redonda Mountain Area of Critical Environmental Concern. The survey was conducted for the Bureau of Land Management, and executed between October 2009 and June 2010. Tierra Redonda Mountain is the type locality for the Tierra Redonda formation, and has weathered to form steep slopes of exposed chaparral and protected woodlands. Four general community types were found; foothill woodland, chaparral, southern coastal scrub and dune scrub. Alliances determined by The Manual of California Vegetation (2nd ed.) were: Quercus douglasii Woodland, Quercus …
The Evolution Of Seeds, Ada Linkies, Kai Graeber, Charles A. Knight, Gerhard Leubner-Metzger
The Evolution Of Seeds, Ada Linkies, Kai Graeber, Charles A. Knight, Gerhard Leubner-Metzger
Biological Sciences
The evolution of the seed represents a remarkable life-history transition for photosynthetic organisms. Here, we review the recent literature and historical understanding of how and why seeds evolved. Answering the 'how' question involves a detailed understanding of the developmental morphology and anatomy of seeds, as well as the genetic programs that determine seed size. We complement this with a special emphasis on the evolution of dormancy, the characteristic of seeds that allows for long 'distance' time travel. Answering the 'why' question involves proposed hypotheses of how natural selection has operated to favor the seed life-history phenomenon. The recent flurry of …
Body Size And Social Dominance Influence Breeding Dispersal In Male Pachydiplax Longipennis (Odonata), Shannon Mccauley
Body Size And Social Dominance Influence Breeding Dispersal In Male Pachydiplax Longipennis (Odonata), Shannon Mccauley
Biological Sciences
1. Dispersal behaviour can be affected by an individual's phenotype, by the environmental or social context they experience, and by interactions between these factors. Differential dispersal propensities between individuals may also be an important modifier of functional connectivity between populations. To assess how a key trait, body size, affected both social interactions and dispersal behaviour, this study examined the relationship between body size, antagonistic interactions, and breeding dispersal in male dragonflies (Pachydiplax longipennis) across a seasonal decline in adult body size. 2. During a seasonal peak in male body size in this study, dispersers were smaller than non-dispersers. Later in …
North American Montane Red Foxes: Expansion, Fragmentation, And The Origin Of The Sacramento Valley Red Fox, Benjamin N. Sacks, Mark J. Statham, John D. Perrine, Samantha M. Wisely, Keith B. Aubry
North American Montane Red Foxes: Expansion, Fragmentation, And The Origin Of The Sacramento Valley Red Fox, Benjamin N. Sacks, Mark J. Statham, John D. Perrine, Samantha M. Wisely, Keith B. Aubry
Biological Sciences
Most native red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in the western contiguous United States appear to be climatically restricted to colder regions in the major mountain ranges and, in some areas, have suffered precipitous declines in abundance that may be linked to warming trends. However, another population of unknown origin has occurred in arid habitats in the Sacramento Valley of California well outside this narrow bioclimatic niche since at least 1880. If native, this population would be ecologically distinct among indigenous North American red foxes. We used mitochondrial and microsatellite markers from historical and modern samples (modes: 1910–1930 and 2000–2008, …
Platform Effects On Optical Variability And Prediction Of Underwater Visibility, Grace Chang, Michael S. Twardowski, Yu You, Mark A. Moline, Peng-Wang Zhai, Scott Freeman, Matthew Slivkoff, Francesco Nencioli, George W. Kattawar
Platform Effects On Optical Variability And Prediction Of Underwater Visibility, Grace Chang, Michael S. Twardowski, Yu You, Mark A. Moline, Peng-Wang Zhai, Scott Freeman, Matthew Slivkoff, Francesco Nencioli, George W. Kattawar
Biological Sciences
We present hydrographic and optical data collected concurrently from two different platforms, the R/P FLoating Instrument Platform and the R/V Kilo Moana, located about 2km apart in the Santa Barbara Channel in California. We show that optical variability between the two platforms was due primarily to platform effects, specifically the breakdown of stratification from mixing by the hull of R/P FLIP. Modeled underwater radiance distribution differed by as much as 50% between the two platforms during stratified conditions. We determine that the observed optical variability resulted in up to 57% differences in predicted horizontal visibility of a black target.
An Examination Of Targeted Gene Neighborhoods In Strawberry, Thomas M. Davis, Melanie E. Shields, Qian Zhang, Denise Tombolato-Terzić, Jeffrey L. Bennetzen, Ana C. Pontaroli, Hao Wang, Qin Yao, Phillip Sanmiguel, Kevin M. Folta
An Examination Of Targeted Gene Neighborhoods In Strawberry, Thomas M. Davis, Melanie E. Shields, Qian Zhang, Denise Tombolato-Terzić, Jeffrey L. Bennetzen, Ana C. Pontaroli, Hao Wang, Qin Yao, Phillip Sanmiguel, Kevin M. Folta
Biological Sciences
This report details the structure and content of targeted regions of the strawberry genome. The data indicate that the strawberry genome is gene-dense, with an average of one protein-encoding gene or pseudogene per 5.9 kb. Current overall EST coverage is sparse. The unexpected gene duplications and their differential patterns of EST support suggest possible subfunctionalization or pseudogenization of these sequences. This report provides a high-resolution depiction of targeted gene neighborhoods that will aid whole-genome sequence assembly, provide valuable tools for plant breeders and advance the understanding of strawberry genome evolution.
Investigation Of High Salt Intake And Adipogenesis In Rats, May Yong
Investigation Of High Salt Intake And Adipogenesis In Rats, May Yong
Biological Sciences
Sodium chloride has been scrutinized of late, not only for its liberal use as a food preservative but for its contribution to disease states. The causal role of habitual high salt intake in increasing blood pressure and exacerbating hypertension has been established. A growing body of evidence strongly suggests that hypertension contributes to other conditions such as cardiovascular disease, obesity, stroke, and type II diabetes. Rates of hypertension are significantly higher in obese individuals. These comorbidities have been positively associated with the modern Western diet. Worldwide, many government and health organizations have called for public policy measures to mandate sodium …
The Anti-Epileptic Drugs Phenytoin And Valproate Produce Reproductive Endocrine Dysfunction Among Reproductive Endocrine Dysfunction Among Female Rats Through Its Effects On Progesterone And Its 5 Alpha-Reduced Metabolites, Fareed Haddad
Biological Sciences
Background: Many people with seizure disorder experience reproductive endocrine dysfunction (RED). The extent to which RED is due to intrinsic aspects of seizure disorder, and/or therapies used to manage epilepsy, is not well understood. Many anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs), such as phenytoin or valproate, can have effects that alter endocrine status. Phenytoin is a cytochrome p450 enzyme-inducing drug. Valproate is a cytochrome p450 enzyme-reducing AED. Objective: To evaluate the effects and mechanism of some AEDs on RED in a rodent model. Hypothesis: If AEDs produce RED in part by altering the activities of cytochrome p450 enzymes, then AEDs that disrupt estrous …
1 The Mechanical Function Of The Postorbital Bar In Eulemur Fulvus Analyzed Using Finite Element Analysis, Danielle Parisi
1 The Mechanical Function Of The Postorbital Bar In Eulemur Fulvus Analyzed Using Finite Element Analysis, Danielle Parisi
Biological Sciences
No abstract provided.
Activity-Dependent Sharpening Of The Retinotectal Map In Zebrafish: The Role Of The Par Complex, Laura Mariconda
Activity-Dependent Sharpening Of The Retinotectal Map In Zebrafish: The Role Of The Par Complex, Laura Mariconda
Biological Sciences
Visual activity acts via NMDA (N-methyl D-aspartate) receptors in order to refine developing retinotectal maps by shaping retinal arbors. In zebrafish larvae, each arbor forms synapses by adding and deleting many trial and error branches. Branches with synapses in retinotopic sites are selectively stabilized and new branches are added next to existing synapses, while distant branches are deleted. The resulting arbor is compact and has a bushy appearance. When NMDARs are blocked, arbors become larger and dynamic rates increase almost twofold, suggesting that the release of a stabilizing signal has been prevented. A likely suspect for this retrograde stabilizing signal …